Journal
NEUROLOGIC CLINICS
Volume 29, Issue 4, Pages 723-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2011.08.001
Keywords
Consciousness; Vegetative state; Minimally conscious state; Traumatic brain injury; Arousal
Categories
Funding
- NIH-NICHD [51912]
- James S McDonnell Foundation
- Clinical & Translational Science Center at Weill Cornell Medical College [KL2RR024997]
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Human consciousness requires brainstem, basal forebrain, and diencephalic areas to support generalized arousal, and functioning thalamocortical networks to respond to environmental and internal stimuli. Disconnection of these interconnected systems, typically from cardiac arrest and traumatic brain injury, can result in disorders of consciousness. Brain injuries can also result in loss of motor output out of proportion to consciousness, resulting in misdiagnoses. The authors review pathology and imaging studies and derive mechanistic models for each of these conditions. Such models may guide the development of target-based treatment algorithms to enhance recovery of consciousness in many of these patients.
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