Article
Biology
Joshua H. Siegle, Peter Ledochowitsch, Xiaoxuan Jia, Daniel J. Millman, Gabriel K. Ocker, Shiella Caldejon, Linzy Casal, Andy Cho, Daniel J. Denman, Severine Durand, Peter A. Groblewski, Gregg Heller, India Kato, Sara Kivikas, Jerome Lecoq, Chelsea Nayan, Kiet Ngo, Philip R. Nicovich, Kat North, Tamina K. Ramirez, Jackie Swapp, Xana Waughman, Ali Williford, Shawn R. Olsen, Christof Koch, Michael A. Buice, Saskia E. J. de Vries
Summary: This study compared evoked responses in the visual cortex of awake mice using extracellular electrophysiology and two-photon calcium imaging, finding more responsive neurons in electrophysiology and higher stimulus selectivity in calcium imaging, partially reconciled by applying a spikes-to-calcium forward model.
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel Kristanto, Andrea Hildebrandt, Werner Sommer, Changsong Zhou
Summary: Cognitive neuroscience assumes that different mental abilities correspond to separable brain subnetworks. This study used a bottom-up approach to investigate the association between structural and functional brain subnetworks and domain-specific cognitive abilities. The findings suggest that domain-specific abilities rely on specific combinations of brain subnetworks.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Martin V. Butz
Summary: The pursuit of precise and focused thinking requires cognitive effort, which is further increased when there are more alternatives or the situation becomes more complex. This cognitive effort is limited by the resources available to us. A Bayesian brain approach is used to explore cognitive effort, where the brain invests information to impose structure away from uniformity or task-incompatible latent structures. A computational model, REPI, explains how cognitive effort is required to infer preparatory priors, activate responses, and anticipate action consequences. Due to limited resources, inference dynamics are prone to task-irrelevant distractions.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Hongzan Sun, Yong He, Heqi Cao
Summary: NSFC has been funding various research programs related to fMRI over the past two decades, with increasing support particularly in the General Program and Key Program. Leading research institutes in economically developed provinces and municipalities received the most support and established close collaboration relationships. Notable achievements in data analysis methods, brain connectomes, and computational platforms as well as their applications in brain disorders were reviewed.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
A. Nemali, N. Vockert, D. Berron, A. Maas, J. Bernal, R. Yakupov, O. Peters, D. Gref, N. Cosma, L. Preis, J. Priller, E. Spruth, S. Altenstein, A. Lohse, K. Fliessbach, O. Kimmich, I. Vogt, J. Wiltfang, N. Hansen, C. Bartels, B. H. Schott, F. Maier, D. Meiberth, W. Glanz, E. Incesoy, M. Butryn, K. Buerger, D. Janowitz, R. Pernecky, B. Rauchmann, L. Burow, S. Teipel, I. Kilimann, D. Goeerss, M. Dyrba, C. Laske, M. Munk, C. Sanzenbacher, S. Mueller, A. Spottke, N. Roy, M. Heneka, F. Brosseron, S. Roeske, L. Dobisch, A. Ramirez, M. Ewers, P. Dechent, K. Scheffler, L. Kleineidam, S. Wolfsgruber, M. Wagner, F. Jessen, E. Duzel, G. Ziegler
Summary: This study explores and evaluates the optimal combinations of features based on MRIs for predicting cognitive status and biomarker positivity using a multi kernel learning Gaussian process framework. The evaluation suggests that a combination of neuroimaging markers, demographics, genetic information (ApoE4), and CSF biomarkers provides the best prediction of memory performance.
MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Fabrizio Calzavarini, Gustavo Cevolani
Summary: This paper presents a systematic analysis of reverse inference as a form of abductive reasoning in cognitive neuroscience. The role and limitations of both strong and weak reverse inference are discussed, with a particular focus on weak reverse inference as a discovery strategy.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jennifer A. Poon, James C. Thompson, Tara M. Chaplin
Summary: This fMRI study investigates the longitudinal mediation effects of young adolescents' emotion regulation abilities on the relationship between their task-based limbic-prefrontal functional connectivity values and subsequent levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results suggest that emotion regulation difficulties predict higher levels of psychological symptoms, indicating that emotion regulation may serve as a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Sonia Turrini, Bonnie Wong, Mark Eldaief, Daniel Z. Press, David A. Sinclair, Giacomo Koch, Alessio Avenanti, Emiliano Santarnecchi
Summary: As the global population ages, understanding healthy brain aging is vital for preserving cognitive abilities. This review provides a comprehensive look at anatomical changes in the aging brain, as well as modifiable risk factors for healthy aging. It also examines the cognitive profile of healthy older adults, discussing the decline in four cognitive factors and their neural substrate. Different cognitive trajectories in Alzheimer's Disease and successful agers with high cognitive reserve are explored. Effective interventions and strategies to promote cognitive reserve and delay cognitive decline are reviewed and proposed.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xi Feng, Elma S. Frias, Maria S. Paladini, David Chen, Zoe Boosalis, McKenna Becker, Sonali Gupta, Sharon Liu, Nalin Gupta, Susanna Rosi
Summary: The study found that brain-engrafted macrophages, originating from circulating monocytes, show an intermediate phenotype resembling both monocytes and embryonic microglia after a combination of whole-brain radiotherapy and microglia depletion. Additionally, brain-engrafted macrophages exhibit reduced phagocytic activity for synaptic compartments compared to normal microglia in response to a secondary concussive brain injury. These findings suggest that brain-engrafted macrophages can prevent radiation- and concussion-induced brain injuries and cognitive deficits.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Jessica Eastwood, Gemma Walton, Saskia Van Hemert, Claire Williams, Daniel Lamport
Summary: A systematic review of current literature suggests that probiotics may have the potential to enhance cognitive function or attenuate cognitive decline, particularly in clinically relevant adult populations. However, further research is needed due to the limited number of studies and the quality of existing research.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Neuroimaging
M. Morningstar, C. Grannis, W. Mattson, E. E. Nelson
Summary: Epilepsy is associated with deficits in social cognitive ability, particularly in perceiving nonverbal cues to infer emotional intent. Less is known about how individuals with epilepsy process different social stimuli, such as vocal cues. This study found that youth with epilepsy had lower ability to infer emotional intent from vocal expressions compared to typically developing peers. Neural activation patterns in mentalizing and default mode network regions differentiated youth with and without epilepsy. These findings contribute to understanding the neural markers of social cognitive deficits in pediatric epilepsy.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Elizabeth Warren, Josep Call
Summary: Communication, defined as an act intended to affect another individual's psychological state, requires the use of inference. Research into animal communication has struggled to explain the mental cognitive mechanisms involved. This paper presents a new theoretical perspective called inferential communication, which bridges the gap between less cognitive descriptions of animal communication and mentalistic interpretations of human language. It proposes that non-human primates may apply social inferences to their communicative behavior, enabling complex and flexible communication systems.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Lin Hua, Fei Gao, Xiaoluan Xia, Qiwei Guo, Yonghua Zhao, Shaohui Huang, Zhen Yuan
Summary: The analysis of individual-specific functional connectivity can distinguish between normal aging and Alzheimer's Disease, and individual-specific between-network connectivity is a significant factor in assessing cognitive symptoms in both APOE epsilon 4 carriers and non-carriers.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Suhang Song, Yaakov Stern, Yian Gu
Summary: This systematic review presents an overview of cognitive reserve evaluation approaches and examines the role of modifiable lifestyle factors in mitigating the impact of brain changes on cognition. The findings suggest that lifestyle activities, such as physical and cognitive leisure activities, may contribute to cognitive reserve and minimize the negative effects of brain changes on cognition. Further research addressing standardized measurements of lifestyle factors and mechanisms underlying cognitive reserve is needed.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Frederic R. Hopp, Ori Amir, Jacob T. Fisher, Scott Grafton, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Rene Weber
Summary: Moral foundations theory suggests that moral judgements are influenced by modular and ideologically variable moral foundations, but the representation of these foundations in the brain and their relationship with political beliefs are still unknown.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Fabio Richlan, Juliane Schubert, Rebecca Mayer, Florian Hutzler, Martin Kronbichler
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Claus-Christian Carbon, Stella J. Faerber, M. Dorothee Augustin, Bernhard Mitterer, Florian Hutzler
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Lorenzo Vignali, Stefan Hawelka, Florian Hutzler, Fabio Richlan
Article
Psychology
Eva Findelsberger, Florian Hutzler, Stefan Hawelka
ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Florian Hutzler, Sarah Schuste, Christina Marx, Stefan Hawelka
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Sarah Schuster, Stefan Hawelka, Nicole Alexandra Himmelstoss, Fabio Richlan, Florian Hutzler
LANGUAGE COGNITION AND NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Review
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Nicole A. Himmelstoss, Sarah Schuster, Florian Hutzler, Rosalyn Moran, Stefan Hawelka
LANGUAGE COGNITION AND NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Lorenzo Vignali, Stefan Hawelka, Florian Hutzler, Fabio Richlan
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah Schuster, Nicole Alexandra Himmelstoss, Florian Hutzler, Fabio Richlan, Martin Kronbichler, Stefan Hawelka
Summary: This study investigated the hemodynamic effects of predictive processing during natural reading by combining fMRI and eye movement recordings. The results suggest an effect of precision on prediction update in higher (lexico-)semantic levels, but no disproportionate reading times on participants' eye movements were observed. The findings do not support discrete predictions, favoring the idea that multiple words are activated in parallel during reading.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Florian Hutzler, Fabio Richlan, Michael Christian Leitner, Sarah Schuster, Mario Braun, Stefan Hawelka
Summary: Humans often underestimate exponential growth, but with logarithmic scaling, they can more accurately predict it. Research shows that the logarithmic depiction is conducive for detecting exponential growth, especially during early phases and resurgences of exponential growth.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Michael Christian Leitner, Verena Meurer, Florian Hutzler, Sarah Schuster, Stefan Hawelka
Summary: Mouth-to-nose face masks have become widely used due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to studies on the perception of emotions in masked faces. Previous studies using still images with digitally superimposed masks have found that smiles are less perceivable. This study investigated the recognition of basic emotions in video sequences and uncovered fundamental differences compared to previous studies, suggesting that the perception of smiles is less impeded than previously implied.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Michael Christian Leitner, Florian Hutzler, Sarah Schuster, Lorenzo Vignali, Patrick Marvan, H. A. Reitsamer, Stefan Hawelka
Summary: This study developed a new eye-tracking-based methodology for visual field analysis, which improves the accuracy and validity of diagnosis by considering and compensating individual eye movements in real time. Results show that this method is reliable in diagnosing spot shape and location, and recording changes in visual field defects with comparable duration and high customizability.
BMJ OPEN OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Peter de Lissa, Genevieve McArthur, Stefan Hawelka, Romina Palermo, Yatin Mahajan, Federica Degno, Florian Hutzler
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mario Braun, Martin Kronbichler, Fabio Richlan, Stefan Hawelka, Florian Hutzler, Arthur M. Jacobs
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Jana Luedtke, Eva Froehlich, Arthur M. Jacobsi, Florian Hutzler
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose Sanchez-Bornot, Roberto C. Sotero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Ozguer Simsek, Damien Coyle
Summary: This study proposes a multi-penalized state-space model for analyzing unobserved dynamics, using a data-driven regularization method. Novel algorithms are developed to solve the model, and a cross-validation method is introduced to evaluate regularization parameters. The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and real data analysis, enabling a more accurate exploration of cognitive brain functions.