Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Florian Kurth, Christian Gaser, Francisco J. Sanchez, Eileen Luders
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between brain structure and physiological sex as well as gender identity in transgender individuals. The results showed that the brain structure of transgender women fell between cisgender men and cisgender women, but was closer to cisgender men. These findings support the idea that the underlying brain anatomy in transgender individuals is more aligned with their gender identity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Claudia C. Garcia, Karine Schwarz, Angelo B. Costa, Cesar A. Bridi Filho, Maria Ines R. Lobato
Summary: The study found that transgender women's perceptions of their mothers were significantly different from those concerning their fathers. Transgender men and women had a positive perception of their relationship with their mothers and a negative perception of their fathers. In terms of parenting practices, women felt that their mothers exhibited more positive practices than their fathers.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Andre Hajek, Hans-Helmut Koenig, Elzbieta Buczak-Stec, Marco Blessmann, Katharina Grupp
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of probable depression and anxiety among transgender people and to identify the determinants of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The results showed that the prevalence of probable depression was 33.3% and probable anxiety was 29.6%. Younger age, unemployment, worse self-rated health, and presence of chronic diseases were significantly associated with both depressive and anxiety symptoms.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ayano Yagi, Rui Nouchi, Laurie Butler, Ryuta Kawashima
Summary: Through a systematic review of nine studies utilizing various imaging techniques, it was found that lutein intake can have beneficial effects on the cognitive function and brain health of older adults.
Article
Psychiatry
Seda Avnioglu, Caner Sahin, Seyda Cankaya, Ozkan Ozen, Rumeysa Dikici, Halil Yilmaz, Halil Aziz Velioglu, Burak Yulug
Summary: Neuroimaging studies have found that anosmia is associated with a decrease in olfactory bulb volume, but little is known about changes in cerebral and cerebellar lobule volumes. This study aimed to explore the structural brain alterations in anosmic patients. The results showed that there were greater gray and white matter volumes in the anosmia group, although not statistically significant. However, decreased gray matter and increased cerebellar volumes were observed in the anosmic patients. These findings suggest the importance of further research on the role of the cerebellum in the olfactory process.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gabriel R. Murchison, Rodrigo A. Aguayo-Romero, Elle Lett, Sabra L. Katz-Wise, Madina Agenor, Allegra R. Gordon
Summary: Young adults who are transgender and/or nonbinary (TNB) face discrimination, violence, and social stressors due to cissexism. However, there is limited understanding of the variations in social stressors among different gender groups, especially specific nonbinary groups.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jack L. Turban, Brett Dolotina, Thomas M. Freitag, Dana King, Alex S. Keuroghlian
Summary: This study evaluated the rapid-onset gender dysphoria (ROGD) hypothesis by analyzing the 2015 US Transgender Survey. The findings suggest that a significant proportion of transgender adults realize their gender identity during adolescence or later and it takes several years to share their identity with others. The results do not support the ROGD hypothesis.
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yuji Hamamoto, Yoshihiko Yu, Rikako Asada, Satoshi Mizuno, Daisuke Hasegawa
Summary: This study investigates whether feline brain volume decreases with aging using VBM analysis. The results show that gray matter in the bilateral parietal lobes decreased significantly with aging, while no significant reduction in white matter was observed.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
A. G. Leone, R. Miceli, D. Trapani, M. Massagrande, F. Morano, S. Marsoni, N. La Verde, R. Berardi, R. Casolino, M. Lambertini, D. Dalu, M. Di Maio, G. D. Beretta, F. Perrone, S. Cinieri, F. Pietrantonio
Summary: Two national surveys in Italy were conducted to assess the perspectives of oncology health care providers (OHPs) and transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals. The results showed that there is a general lack of knowledge among OHPs about TGD health issues, leading to difficulties in providing care and discriminatory attitudes towards TGD individuals. The study highlights the need for educational interventions and person-centric cancer policies.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Qiguo Lian, Ruili Li, Zhihao Liu, Xiaona Li, Qiru Su, Dongpeng Zheng
Summary: This study examined the associations between gender nonconformity (GNC) and transgender identity with bullying victimization. The results showed that assigned male at birth (AMAB) students with GNC and transgender male and female students were at higher risk of bullying victimization. Therefore, providing support systems and celebrating gender diversity within and outside schools are crucial.
Editorial Material
Primary Health Care
Justine Larson
Summary: The author's son Neo declared himself as a boy at the age of 11, which initially caused struggle for the author to accept. However, as time passed, the author learned how to support Neo and eventually felt acceptance and pride as she witnessed his growth and transformation. Neo's experience taught the author to challenge societal norms and understand how healthcare professionals can support families with gender-diverse children.
ANNALS OF FAMILY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Lore M. Dickey, Kathryn Thomas, Ben Andert, Nataly Ibarra, Stephanie L. Budge
Summary: This study examined the relationship between the time from realizing transgender and nonbinary (TNB) identity to beginning a transition and history of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among TNB individuals. The results indicated that individuals with a longer time between realizing their gender identity and beginning a transition had a longer history of NSSI, while higher levels of body investment, shorter time since realizing TNB identity to transition, and longer time since NSSI were associated with lower levels of current anxiety, stress, and depression.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Selin Gulgoz, Daniel J. Alonso, Kristina R. Olson, Susan A. Gelman
Summary: The study found that 6 to 11-year-old transgender children, their cisgender siblings, and unrelated cisgender children all essentialized both sex and gender identity. Transgender and cisgender children did not differ significantly in essentializing sex, but transgender children were less likely than unrelated cisgender children to essentialize when hearing ambiguous gender/sex labels.
DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Whitney Linsenmeyer
Summary: This article aims to describe the current state of sex and gender data collection in nutrition science research, discuss the effects of flawed data collection practices, highlight considerations for transgender and gender non-conforming populations, and propose a sex- and gender-informed approach to human subjects research.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Tabea Haessler, Jessica J. Glazier, Kristina R. Olson
Summary: This study examined the consistency of gender identity and preferences for gender-stereotypical toys, clothing, and same-gender peers in middle childhood among transgender youth, their siblings, and cisgender youth. The findings suggested a moderate stability in children's gender identity and preferences over time, regardless of their assigned sex at birth.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthias Kirschner, Benazir Hodzic-Santor, Mathilde Antoniades, Igor Nenadic, Tilo Kircher, Axel Krug, Tina Meller, Dominik Grotegerd, Alex Fornito, Aurina Arnatkeviciute, Mark A. Bellgrove, Jeggan Tiego, Udo Dannlowski, Katharina Koch, Carina Huelsmann, Harald Kugel, Verena Enneking, Melissa Klug, Elisabeth J. Leehr, Joscha Boehnlein, Marius Gruber, David Mehler, Pamela DeRosse, Ashley Moyett, Bernhard T. Baune, Melissa Green, Yann Quide, Christos Pantelis, Raymond Chan, Yi Wang, Ulrich Ettinger, Martin Debbane, Melodie Derome, Christian Gaser, Bianca Besteher, Kelly Diederen, Tom J. Spencer, Paul Fletcher, Wulf Roessler, Lukasz Smigielski, Veena Kumari, Preethi Premkumar, Haeme R. P. Park, Kristina Wiebels, Imke Lemmers-Jansen, James Gilleen, Paul Allen, Petya Kozhuharova, Jan-Bernard Marsman, Irina Lebedeva, Alexander Tomyshev, Anna Mukhorina, Stefan Kaiser, Anne-Kathrin Fett, Iris Sommer, Sanne Schuite-Koops, Casey Paquola, Sara Lariviere, Boris Bernhardt, Alain Dagher, Phillip Grant, Theo G. M. van Erp, Jessica A. Turner, Paul M. Thompson, Andre Aleman, Gemma Modinos
Summary: Neuroanatomical abnormalities have been reported to be present from high schizotypy to chronic psychosis. A study conducted a large-scale meta-analysis of cortical and subcortical morphometric patterns of schizotypy in healthy individuals, revealing thicker right medial orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex associated with higher schizotypy scores. The cortical thickness profile in schizotypy showed positive correlation with abnormalities in schizophrenia, while the subcortical volume pattern demonstrated negative correlation with abnormalities in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthias Bussas, Sophia Grahl, Viola Pongratz, Achim Berthele, Christiane Gasperi, Till Andlauer, Christian Gaser, Jan S. Kirschke, Benedikt Wiestler, Claus Zimmer, Bernhard Hemmer, Mark Muehlau
Summary: The study found a close association between brain gray matter atrophy and white matter lesions in connecting fibers in multiple sclerosis patients, indicating a significant correlation between the two. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated a close temporal relation between white matter lesion formation and gray matter atrophy.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tim Hahn, Jan Ernsting, Nils R. Winter, Vincent Holstein, Ramona Leenings, Marie Beisemann, Lukas Fisch, Kelvin Sarink, Daniel Emden, Nils Opel, Ronny Redlich, Jonathan Repple, Dominik Grotegerd, Susanne Meinert, Jochen G. Hirsch, Thoralf Niendorf, Beate Endemann, Fabian Bamberg, Thomas Kroencke, Robin Buelow, Henry Voelzke, Oyunbileg von Stackelberg, Ramona Felizitas Sowade, Lale Umutlu, Boerge Schmidt, Svenja Caspers, Harald Kugel, Tilo Kircher, Benjamin Risse, Christian Gaser, James H. Cole, Udo Dannlowski, Klaus Berger
Summary: In order to address the issues with machine learning models in biological age research, researchers have developed an uncertainty-aware, shareable, and transparent neural network model. This model provides robust uncertainty quantification in neuroimaging data, allowing for more accurate detection of deviant brain aging compared to existing models.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Carolin Ligges, Marc Ligges, Christian Gaser
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the association between dyslexia and brain volume differences, and whether these differences showed age-related effects. The researchers used voxel-based morphometry to analyze the gray and white matter volume in dyslexic and normal reading subjects of different ages. The results showed that reading skills improved steadily in both groups, but only the children with dyslexia showed significant differences in local gray matter volume compared to the neurotypical readers. These differences were found in brain areas associated with the reading network. The study also revealed that while the performance of neurotypical readers increased over time, there was a decrease in gray matter volume. However, this correlation was not observed in dyslexic readers. This suggests that dyslexia is associated with lower gray matter volume in the reading network during the early stages, and the neural basis of dyslexia does not seem to support normal reading performances even in adults. Therefore, consistent support for individuals with dyslexia in their education and career is crucial.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Florian Kurth, Christian Gaser, Francisco J. Sanchez, Eileen Luders
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between brain structure and physiological sex as well as gender identity in transgender individuals. The results showed that the brain structure of transgender women fell between cisgender men and cisgender women, but was closer to cisgender men. These findings support the idea that the underlying brain anatomy in transgender individuals is more aligned with their gender identity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Benita Schmitz-Koep, Aurore Menegaux, Christian Gaser, Elin Brandes, David Schinz, Melissa Thalhammer, Marcel Daamen, Henning Boecker, Claus Zimmer, Josef Priller, Dieter Wolke, Peter Bartmann, Christian Sorg, Dennis M. Hedderich
Summary: Microscopic studies have shown impaired myelination after premature birth, but it is unclear whether these impairments last into adulthood and affect cognitive performance. This study used magnetic resonance imaging to analyze the T1w/T2w ratio in the gray matter of adults born prematurely, and found alterations in widespread cortical areas. These alterations were associated with lower cognitive performance.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Christian Rubbert, Luisa Wolf, Bernd Turowski, Dennis M. Hedderich, Christian Gaser, Robert Dahnke, Julian Caspers
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of different defacing procedures on automated brain atrophy estimation, and found that most defacing methods have an impact on atrophy estimation, especially in accelerated 3D T1 imaging. Only PyDeface performed well with negligible impact on atrophy estimation.
INSIGHTS INTO IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Raka Maitra, Charlotte M. Horne, Owen O'Daly, Evangelos Papanastasiou, Christian Gaser, Tobias Banaschewski, Gareth J. Barker, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Ruediger Bruehl, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Herve Lemaitre, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Sabina Millenet, Juliane H. Froehner, Lauren Robinson, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Jeanne M. Winterer, Robert Whelan, Erin Burke Quinlan, Alex Ing, Gunter Schumann, Sukhi Shergill
Summary: The study found that Psychotic Like Experiences (PLEs) in adolescents are associated with changes in cortical gyrification, indicating abnormal neurodevelopment. Adolescents with higher PLEs had lower cortical gyrification in the fronto-temporal regions in the left hemisphere, and higher cortical gyrification in the right parietal cortex during late adolescence. The study also revealed that adolescents with high PLEs were 5.6 times more likely to develop psychosis by age 23.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Anna Maria Matziorinis, Christian Gaser, Stefan Koelsch
Summary: Music-making and engagement in music-related activities have been found to have cognitive benefits, reducing brain aging. This study aimed to replicate previous findings and explore the effects of musical training and active musical engagement on brain aging in healthy individuals. The results showed that musician status was not related to brain aging, but current physical activity was. Although musical training and active engagement did not directly predict brain aging scores, dispositional resilience was related to both musical behaviors and sensitivity to musical pleasure. This suggests that musical behaviors may enhance the brain's resilience to age.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Andy Schumann, Christian Gaser, Rassoul Sabeghi, P. Christian Schulze, Sven Festag, Cord Spreckelsen, Karl-Juergen Baer
Summary: This study used machine learning to estimate participants' age based on autonomic cardiovascular indices. The Gaussian process regression model was found to be the most suitable, with a correlation of r=0.81 and a mean absolute error of MAE=5.6 years. The estimated age for obese participants was significantly higher compared to normal-weight controls, indicating advanced cardiovascular aging by 5.7 years.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Sidra Gull, Christian Gaser, Karl-Heinz Herrmann, Anja Urbach, Marcus Boehme, Samia Afzal, Juergen R. Reichenbach, Otto W. Witte, Silvio Schmidt
Summary: By using MRI and DBM, we examined the structural changes in the brains of male RccHan:WIST rats. The study found that the overall brain volume increased with age, but there were also divergent local morphologic alterations. The visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortical areas showed shrinkage, while the higher-order brain areas such as the ectorhinal, entorhinal, retrosplenial, and cingulate cortical regions were preserved and grew with age.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Simon J. Schrenk, Stefan Brodoehl, Stefano Flor, Christiane Frahm, Christian Gaser, Rami Abou Hamdan, Marco Herbsleb, Christoph Kaleta, Fabian Kattlun, Hans-Josef Mueller, Christian Puta, Monique Radscheidt, Adriana L. Ruiz-Rizzo, Tannaz Saraei, Andre Scherag, Thomas Steidten, Otto W. Witte, Kathrin Finke
Summary: This study aims to analyze the effects of an eight-week standardized physical activity training program on cognitive, brain, and gut-barrier function in healthy older individuals. 100 participants aged 60 to 75 will undergo extensive baseline assessments before being randomized into either a physical activity group or a relaxation group. The entire intervention will be online-based, and post-intervention assessments will be conducted to measure the changes.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Marta Garo-Pascual, Christian Gaser, Linda Zhang, Jussi Tohka, Miguel Medina, Bryan A. Strange
Summary: This study aims to explore the brain structure and characteristics of superagers and identify associated factors. The study found that superagers have higher grey matter volume cross-sectionally and slower total grey matter atrophy longitudinally. Faster movement speed and better mental health were the most differentiating factors for superagers. The study also found no significant differences in dementia blood biomarkers between superagers and typical older adults.
LANCET HEALTHY LONGEVITY
(2023)
Correction
Psychiatry
Raka Maitra, Charlotte M. Horne, Owen O'Daly, Evangelos Papanastasiou, Christian Gaser
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
