Article
Behavioral Sciences
Elkhonon Goldberg, Jaan Tulviste
Summary: The two main large-scale distributed networks, Central Executive (CEN) and Default Mode (DMN), have been found to be neuroanatomically asymmetric, with CEN components being larger in volume in the right hemisphere and DMN components being larger in volume in the left hemisphere. This suggests the possibility of functional asymmetry in these networks and highlights the importance of further investigating hemispheric specialization.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lukas Schnaufer, Alisa Gschaidmeier, Magdalena Heimgaertner, Pablo Hernaiz Driever, Till-Karsten Hauser, Marko Wilke, Karen Lidzba, Martin Staudt
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of atypical language organization after early left-hemispheric brain lesions on grey matter in the contralesional hemisphere. The findings suggest that patients with atypical language organization show an increase in grey matter in the middle frontal gyrus, indicating a compensatory effect. However, all patients, regardless of language organization, showed areas of grey matter reduction compared to typically developing controls.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Yuhui Chai, Tina T. Liu, Sean Marrett, Linqing Li, Arman Khojandi, Daniel A. Handwerker, Arjen Alink, Lars Muckli, Peter A. Bandettini
Summary: The study examines laminar activity patterns in different topographical subfields of human PT under unimodal and multisensory stimuli, revealing a division of function between visual and auditory processing in PT and distinct feedback mechanisms in different subareas.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jia-Bao Huang, Zhi-Ru Chen, Shu-Long Yang, Fen-Fang Hong
Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by severe joint damage and disability. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthases (NOS) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of RA by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Targeting NOS/NO signaling pathways may be an effective approach for managing RA, and there are several drugs currently in clinical trials that show promise in treating RA by modulating NOS/NO activity.
Article
Neurosciences
Tobias Overath, Joon H. Paik
Summary: This study found that the cortical processing of speech-specific temporal structure is modulated by higher-level linguistic analysis. The superior temporal sulcus (STS) was involved in the acoustic analysis of temporal speech properties, while the left inferior gyrus (IFG) was found to be responsible for linguistic processing of temporal speech properties.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriele Serreli, Monica Deiana
Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) is released in various organs and tissues and has important functions in organisms. There are three isoforms of the enzyme that produce NO, namely eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS. The expression and activity of these isoforms depend on different intracellular signaling pathways. Recent studies have focused on natural compounds like polyphenols, which can be obtained through diet, for their ability to modulate NOS isoforms' pathways. In this review, we aim to provide scientific evidence on the activity of dietary polyphenols in regulating NOS isoform expression and functionality.
Article
Neurosciences
Ane Gurtubay-Antolin, Ceren Battal, Chiara Maffei, Mohamed Rezk, Stefania Mattioni, Jorge Jovicich, Olivier Collignon
Summary: This study investigated the presence of direct white matter connections between visual and auditory motion-selective regions in humans, confirming the potential existence of occipitotemporal projections between hMT(+)/V5 and hPT. The findings suggest functional specificity of these connections, supporting the exchange of motion information between specialized auditory and visual regions.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Dorothea L. Floris, Thomas Wolfers, Mariam Zabihi, Nathalie E. Holz, Marcel P. Zwiers, Tony Charman, Julian Tillmann, Christine Ecker, Flavio Dell'Acqua, Tobias Banaschewski, Carolin Moessnang, Simon Baron-Cohen, Rosemary Holt, Sarah Durston, Eva Loth, Declan G. M. Murphy, Andre Marquand, Jan K. Buitelaar, Christian F. Beckmann
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with stable atypical hemispheric lateralization. This study found highly individualized patterns of lateralization in individuals with autism, particularly in language, motor, and visuospatial regions, associated with symptom severity.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Seung-Goo Kim, Tobias Overath, William Sedley, Sukhbinder Kumar, Sundeep Teki, Yukiko Kikuchi, Roy Patterson, Timothy D. Griffiths
Summary: The study recorded neural responses in human participants to different types of pitch-evoking stimuli, finding cortical sensitivity to temporal regularity relevant to pitch in the Heschl's sulcus, which was consistent across different types of pitch-relevant stimuli.
Article
Neurosciences
Ceren Battal, Ane Gurtubay-Antolin, Mohamed Rezk, Stefania Mattioni, Giorgia Bertonati, Valeria Occelli, Roberto Bottini, Stefano Targher, Chiara Maffei, Jorge Jovicich, Olivier Collignon
Summary: The study found that early blindness alters the connectivity of occipitotemporal networks in the brain, resulting in enhanced response to moving sounds. This alteration is not only specific to motion features, but also involves sound source location information. In blind individuals, the anterior portion of the occipitotemporal cortex responds more strongly to moving sounds compared to sighted individuals, while the posterior portion selectively responds to moving sounds only in blind participants. Additionally, the functional properties of the human planum temporale, a region involved in auditory motion processing, are also altered in blind individuals.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Lisa Bartha-Doering, Kathrin Kollndorfer, Ernst Schwartz, Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister, Georg Langs, Michael Weber, Sonja Lackner-Schmelz, Patric Kienast, Marlene Stuempflen, Athena Taymourtash, Sophie Mandl, Johanna Alexopoulos, Daniela Prayer, Rainer Seidl, Gregor Kasprian
Summary: The depth asymmetry of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) may serve as a potential biomarker for the maturity and integrity of neural correlates of language. This study explored the prognostic value of STS depth asymmetry in healthy fetuses for later language abilities. The findings suggest that less right fetal STS depth asymmetry is associated with better verbal abilities and increased left language localization during childhood.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Benjamin Isler, Nathalie Giroud, Sarah Hirsiger, Tobias Kleinjung, Martin Meyer
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between age-related brain atrophy and behavioral, as well as electrophysiological markers of vowel perception in healthy younger and older adults with normal pure-tone hearing. Older adults performed worse in vowel discrimination despite having normal pure-tone hearing, with those showing greater age-related cortical atrophy in the left and right planum temporale (PT) exhibiting weaker vowel discrimination. In contrast, younger participants with greater cortical thickness in only the left PT performed weaker in the vowel discrimination task. The study suggests that deficient vowel processing is influenced by both aging-related changes in auditory-related cortices and not solely by pure-tone hearing loss.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roman Roy, Joshua Wilcox, Andrew J. Webb, Kevin O'Gallagher
Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) plays important roles in regulating various functions in the cardiovascular system. Different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) have distinct functions and localizations, and may have different pathophysiological roles. Modulating NOS activity is a potential therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the physiological role of NOS isoforms and discusses the possibility of targeting NO and NOS activity for novel cardiovascular therapeutics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Florian Freudenberg, Esin Candemir, Xufeng Chen, Li-Li Li, Dilhan Esen-Sehir, Nicole Schenk, Makoto Kinoshita, Lena Gruenewald, Veronika Frerichs, Nikolai Fattakhov, Jessica Manchen, Solmaz Bikas, Anita Kumar, Aet OLeary, David A. Slattery, Jakob von Engelhardt, Michael J. Courtney, Andreas Reif
Summary: The study revealed the function of NOS1AP in the hippocampus, showing that its overexpression resulted in various changes, including increased interaction of nNOS with PSD-95, reduced dendritic spine density, and altered morphology. Behaviorally, impairments in social memory and spatial working memory capacity were observed.
Article
Psychiatry
Judith Schmitz, Mo Zheng, Kelvin F. H. Lui, Catherine McBride, Connie S. -H. Ho, Silvia Paracchini
Summary: The heritability of hand, foot, and eye preference was investigated, with parental left-side preference found to increase the chance of left-sidedness in the offspring. Quantitative multidimensional laterality phenotypes were found to capture the underlying genetics better than binary traits.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zdenka Kristofikova, Tomas Springer, Erika Gedeonova, Adela Hofmannova, Jan Ricny, Lenka Hromadkova, Martin Vyhnalek, Jan Laczo, Tomas Nikolai, Jakub Hort, Tomas Petrasek, Ales Stuchlik, Karel Vales, Jan Klaschka, Jiri Homola
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Jan Klaschka, Jeno Reiczigel
Summary: Exact two-tailed tests and two-sided confidence intervals for a binomial proportion or Poisson parameter can reduce conservatism of existing methods, but suffer from inconsistency between the tests and the corresponding CIs. The proposed modification of the tests aims to address this issue while maintaining nestedness and exactness. Fast and accurate algorithms are presented for implementing the modified tests and calculating confidence bounds, along with their theoretical background.
COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Josef Stingl, Petr Zach, Josef Sach, Jana Vranova, Zdenek Suchomel, Vaclav Kudrna, Jana Mrzilkova, David Kachlik, Vladimir Musil
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pavla Honcu, Petr Zach, Jana Mrzilkova, Dobroslava Jandova, Vladimir Musil, Alexander Martin Celko
BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2020)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
P. Zach, A. Bartos, A. Lagutina, Z. Wurst, P. Gallina, T. Rai, K. Kieslich, J. Riedlova, I. Ibrahim, J. Tintera, J. Mrzilkova
BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
A. Sipek, V Gregor, J. Klaschka, M. Maly, J. Jirova, N. Friedova, A. Sipek
Summary: The study found that the effectiveness of prenatal diagnosis of encephalocele significantly increased in the Czech Republic from 1994 to 2015, with the frequency of prenatally diagnosed cases increasing each year until 2008 before stabilizing. Meanwhile, the number of encephalocele cases in newborns slightly decreased without showing a significant trend.
CESKA A SLOVENSKA NEUROLOGIE A NEUROCHIRURGIE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jan Dudak, Jan Zemlicka, Jana Mrzilkova, Petr Zach, Katarina Holcova
Summary: This study demonstrates the applicability of Timepix large-area hybrid-pixel photon-counting detectors for high-resolution X-ray imaging in biology research, providing enhanced contrast-to-noise ratio and high spatial-resolution images. Compared to traditional digital imaging devices, these detectors have more advantages.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anastasiya Lahutsina, Filip Spaniel, Jana Mrzilkova, Alexandra Morozova, Marek Brabec, Vladimir Musil, Petr Zach
Summary: This study measured the length of CS, PCS, and their segments on T1 MRI scans in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and healthy controls, and compared the frequency and left-right asymmetry of CS/PCS between the two groups. The distribution of CS and PCS morphotypes in patients was found to be different from controls. The length of specific CS and PCS segments were also found to be different between patients and controls, suggesting a potential neurodevelopmental marker for schizophrenia.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Zdenek Wurst, Barbora Bircak Kuchtova, Jan Kremen, Anastasiya Lahutsina, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Jaroslav Tintera, Ales Bartos, Marek Brabec, Tanya Rai, Petr Zach, Vladimir Musil, Nicoletta Olympiou, Jana Mrzilkova
Summary: The volume reduction of gray matter structures is accompanied by an asymmetric increase in white matter fibers in Alzheimer's disease patients. This study used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate white matter structure changes in the motor basal ganglia in Alzheimer's disease patients. Measurements were taken in ten patients and ten healthy controls, revealing a decrease in the number of tracts and general fractional anisotropy in the right caudate nucleus of Alzheimer's disease patients. An increase in the left and right putamen was observed. Furthermore, a decrease in structural volume was observed in the left and right putamen.
Meeting Abstract
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Antonin Sipek, Vladimir Gregor, Jan Klaschka, Marek Maly, Antonin Sipek
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Antonin Sipek, Vladimir Gregor, Jan Klaschka, Marek Maly, Antonin Sipek
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
A. Sipek, V. Gregor, J. Klaschka, M. Maly, A. Sipek
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
A. Sipek, V. Gregor, A. Sipek, J. Klaschka, M. Maly, J. Jirova
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Developmental Biology
A. Sipek Jr, V Gregor, J. Klaschka, M. Maly, A. Sipek Sr
BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Developmental Biology
A. Sipek Sr, V Gregor, J. Horacek, J. Klaschka, M. Maly, A. Sipek Jr
BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui-Ting Huang, Shun-Fen Tzeng
Summary: Our study demonstrates the role of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in a demyelinating mouse model induced by cuprizone (CPZ), showing that IL-33 can alleviate the reduction of APC+ OLs and the decline of IL-33 levels in the corpus callosum, and promote the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP).
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2024)