Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eun Jung Park, Jihyun Je, Theodomir Dusabimana, Seung Pil Yun, Hye Jung Kim, Hwajin Kim, Sang Won Park
Summary: Elevated plasma Hcy is associated with renal dysfunction and is considered a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Hcy treatment aggravated renal damage and enhanced inflammatory cytokines and astrocyte activation in the brain induced by IR. Lowering plasma Hcy levels may attenuate neurological dysfunction in AKI patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Pamies, Chiara Sartori, Domitille Schvartz, Victor Gonzalez-Ruiz, Luc Pellerin, Carolina Nunes, Denise Tavel, Vanille Maillard, Julien Boccard, Serge Rudaz, Jean-Charles Sanchez, Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
Summary: This study aimed to explore the metabolic changes occurring in activated human astrocytes. Results showed that activated astrocytes exhibited significant changes in inflammation response, cytoskeleton, and energy metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Volha Liaudanskaya, Nicholas J. Fiore, Yang Zhang, Yuka Milton, Marilyn F. Kelly, Marly Coe, Ariana Barreiro, Victoria K. Rose, Matthew R. Shapiro, Adam S. Mullis, Anna Shevzov-Zebrun, Mathew Blurton-Jones, Michael J. Whalen, Aviva J. Symes, Irene Georgakoudi, Thomas J. F. Nieland, David L. Kaplan
Summary: Traumatic brain injury-induced disturbances in mitochondrial fission-and-fusion dynamics have been linked to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. This study developed a three-dimensional in vitro triculture tissue model to investigate the contributions of mitochondrial dysregulation to neuroinflammation and injury-induced neurodegeneration after brain injury. The findings suggest that microglia-released fragmented mitochondria play a key role in secondary neuronal damage progression, and astrocyte-microglia crosstalk is involved in this pathway. Controlling mitochondrial dysfunction may provide potential therapies for TBI patients.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Angela T. S. Wyse, Larissa Daniele Bobermin, Tiago Marcon dos Santos, Andre Quincozes-Santos
Summary: Hyperhomocysteinemia can result from dietary intake, lifestyle factors, or enzyme deficiency, leading to tissue accumulation of the amino acid and potential neurological symptoms. The link between homocysteine and neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders has been suggested, with astrocyte dysfunction possibly playing a role in the neurotoxicity.Understanding the impact of homocysteine on gliotoxicity may lead to novel preventive/therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Myriam Jaraiz-Rodriguez, Lucia del Prado, Eduardo Balsa
Summary: The brain is composed of multiple cell classes, including astrocytes, which have emerged as critical regulators of central nervous system function. Disturbed metabolism in astrocytes contributes to the development and progression of diseases, especially cancer.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wei-Ming Luo, Zhi-Peng Zhang, Wei Zhang, Jing-Yang Su, Xiao-Qian Gao, Xu Liu, Wan-Ying Wang, Chang-Tao Jiang, Zhong-Ze Fang
Summary: The study found a U-shaped curve relationship between homocysteine and diabetic retinopathy, with the homocysteine pathway having an impact on this relationship. A low concentration of homocysteine indicates a lack of other substances.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Petra Lorenzo, Eugenia Martin Vazquez, Livia Lopez-Noriega, Esther Fuente-Martin, Jose M. Mellado-Gil, Jaime M. Franco, Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier, Jose A. Guerrero Martinez, Silvana Y. Romero-Zerbo, Jesus A. Perez-Cabello, Sabrina Rivero Canalejo, Antonio Campos-Caro, Christian Claude Lachaud, Alejandra Crespo Barreda, Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado, Eduardo Garcia Fuentes, Alejandro Martin-Montalvo, Manuel Alvarez Dolado, Franz Martin, Gemma Rojo-Martinez, David Pozo, Francisco J. Bermudez-Silva, Valentine Comaills, Jose C. Reyes, Benoit R. Gauthier
Summary: The study shows that HMG20A is predominantly expressed in hypothalamic astrocytes, with its upregulation in obesity and glucose intolerant conditions playing a key role in maintaining neuronal network and glucose homeostasis. Depletion of HMG20A in astrocytes leads to impaired function, which can be reversed by ORY1001 treatment.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xinchi Zhou, Lin Li, Yuhui Wang, Tong Kong, Zhanglei Cao, Huiyuan Xie, Wei Liang, Yiting Wang, Sihua Qian, Jie Chao, Jianping Zheng
Summary: Developing highly active and sensitive nanozymes for biothiol analysis is of vital significance due to their essential roles in disease diagnosis. In this study, metal ion-doped carbon dots with high peroxidase-like activity were designed and prepared for biothiol detection and identification through a colorimetric sensor array technique. The developed sensor array showed accurate discrimination of the three most important biothiols, with a detection limit of 5 nM, and could also recognize a single biothiol with various concentrations and biothiol mixtures. Furthermore, actual samples such as cells and sera could be well distinguished, demonstrating its potential in disease diagnosis.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Entomology
Jingjing Li, Fangfang Li, Na Yu, Zewen Liu
Summary: Homocysteine metabolism plays a crucial role in spider species, and the BRP pathway is essential in P. pseudoannulata.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Torsten Weiss, Rene Bernard, Gregor Laube, Julian Rieck, Misty J. Eaton, Serguei N. Skatchkov, Ruediger W. Veh
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the uptake of polyamines into the brain from the bloodstream. Results showed strong uptake of polyamines in brain slices and intraventricular space, but no uptake from the bloodstream. Therefore, it can be concluded that polyamines in the brain are mainly derived from local synthesis.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Taisia Rolova, Sarka Lehtonen, Gundars Goldsteins, Pinja Kettunen, Jari Koistinaho
Summary: This review summarizes recent studies using iPSC-derived glial models of neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the differences between human and mouse glial cells and the important role of glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
Benton S. Purnell, Mariana Alves, Detlev Boison
Summary: The epilepsies are a group of diseases characterized by spontaneous seizures and associated comorbidities, but current understanding of the underlying mechanisms is limited. Focusing on neurons has led to the development of anti-seizure medications, but not all aspects of seizure activity can be explained. The role of astrocytes, another type of brain cell, and their implications in epilepsy are explored in this review.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Isabelle Matthiesen, Rohollah Nasiri, Alessandra Tamashiro Orrego, Thomas E. Winkler, Anna Herland
Summary: Astrocytes are crucial for brain functions and energy supply for neurons. This study compared the metabolic turnover of glucose and lactate between human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes (hiAstrocytes) and human fetal astrocytes (HFAs). The results showed that HFAs have higher levels of lactate production and glucose consumption compared to hiAstrocytes.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Hassan Braxas, Vali Musazadeh, Meysam Zarezadeh, Alireza Ostadrahimi
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of genistein supplementation on glycemic indices, lipid profiles, and homocysteine levels. A comprehensive search was conducted on multiple databases. The results showed that genistein supplementation significantly decreased BMI, FBS, insulin level, HOMA-IR, TG, TC, and Hcy levels, but not LDL-C levels. Additionally, HDL-C levels were significantly increased. Genistein supplementation has significant beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism as well as homocysteine levels, and may aid in metabolic control.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Abel Eraso-Pichot, Sandrine Pouvreau, Alexandre Olivera-Pinto, Paula Gomez-Sotres, Urszula Skupio, Giovanni Marsicano
Summary: The study of astrocytic contribution to brain functions has gained popularity in neuroscience. Recent discoveries have shown the involvement of astrocytes in synaptic functions and revealed their previously unimaginable multiple functions. Additionally, research on cannabinoids has identified different ways they interact with astrocytes, modify their functions, alter their communication with neurons, and impact behavior. This review discusses the expression of endocannabinoid system members in astrocytes and the latest findings on cannabinoid modulation of important astroglial functions, such as calcium dynamics, gliotransmission, metabolism, and inflammation.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Tom F. O'Callaghan, Michael O'Donovan, John Paul Murphy, Katie Sugrue, John T. Tobin, Aoife E. McNamara, Xiaofei Yin, Geetha Sundaramoorthy, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: This study characterized the metabolome of bovine colostrum and milk in the initial days of lactation. The metabolome was shown to be complex and changed significantly over time, with colostrum rich in nutrients beneficial for growth of the new-born mammal. Multivariate analysis could clearly distinguish between colostrum and subsequent milk samples.
INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Abdul-Hamid M. Emwas, Nahla Al-Rifai, Kacper Szczepski, Shuruq Alsuhaymi, Saleh Rayyan, Hanan Almahasheer, Mariusz Jaremko, Lorraine Brennan, Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
Summary: The relationship between health and nutrition is closely linked, with poor nutrition potentially leading to various metabolic diseases. Metabolomics, as an emerging field of science, has broad research applications and potential for further advancement.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Nicola Walshe, Raul Cabrera-Rubio, Roisin Collins, Antonella Puggioni, Vivian Gath, Fiona Crispie, Paul D. Cotter, Lorraine Brennan, Grace Mulcahy, Vivienne Duggan
Summary: A 6-week study on overweight sedentary horses revealed that a weight loss program incorporating diet restriction and exercise can significantly reduce weight and waist circumference, while also impacting the diversity of gut microbiota. The results suggest that this weight loss program can improve overall health of horses.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Xiaofei Yin, Orla Prendiville, Aoife E. McNamara, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: This study evaluated the reproducibility of metabolites in a freeliving population over a period of four months. The results showed that more than half of the metabolites demonstrated good to excellent reproducibility. A single measurement per subject could appropriately reflect the metabolites' long-term concentration levels and may also be sufficient for assessing disease risk in epidemiologic studies.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hayley A. Young, Lucie Geurts, Nikolaos Scarmeas, David Benton, Lorraine Brennan, Jonathan Farrimond, Amanda J. Kiliaan, Amy Pooler, Laura Trovo, John Sijben, David Vauzour
Summary: The biological processes connecting diet and cognition are complex, and it is important to consider the impact of multiple nutritional compounds. However, the lack of evidence-based guidelines in this area is a barrier to studying multi-nutrient interventions. This review presents a set of guiding principles developed by an expert group from the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) to enhance our understanding of how dietary components interact and to strengthen the evidence base for recommendations on delaying cognitive decline.
NUTRITION RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Janine Wirth, Elaine Hillesheim, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found no clear relationship between increased protein intake and sleep outcomes, although the evidence strength was low. More randomized controlled trials focusing on this specific research question are needed.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elaine Hillesheim, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: Personalised nutrition advice is found to be more effective than population-level advice in improving dietary intake and health outcomes. Metabotyping, which groups individuals based on metabolic profiles, has been successfully used to identify subgroups with different responses to dietary challenges and interventions. However, more studies are needed to examine the efficacy of this approach in improving health parameters.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shubbham Gupta, Isobel Claire Gormley, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: Most metabolomics biomarker research has focused on identifying disease biomarkers, but there is a need for biomarkers of early metabolic dysfunction to guide lifestyle interventions. MetaboVariation is a method that models fluctuations in metabolite levels at an individual level. It uses a Bayesian model to identify individuals with intra-individual variations in their metabolite levels and has been successfully applied to a dataset of 164 individuals. The development of a MetaboVariation R package with a web application further enhances its usability.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Croi E. Buckley, Xiaofei Yin, Sebastian Meltzer, Anne Hansen Ree, Kathrine Roe Redalen, Lorraine Brennan, Jacintha O'Sullivan, Niamh Lynam-Lennon
Summary: Resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in rectal cancer is a challenge, and there is a need to identify its underlying mechanisms and develop predictive biomarkers and novel treatment strategies. This study identified an in vitro model of radioresistant rectal cancer and found significant alterations in multiple molecular pathways, including cell cycle, DNA repair, and oxidative phosphorylation-related genes. Metabolomic profiling of pre-treatment serum samples from rectal cancer patients identified metabolites significantly associated with treatment response and overall survival. This study highlights metabolic reprogramming as a role in radioresistance of rectal cancer and suggests altered metabolites as potential circulating predictive markers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Julie Turbitt, Lorraine Brennan, R. Charlotte Moffett, Peter R. Flatt, Paul R. V. Johnson, Andrei I. Tarasov, Neville H. McClenaghan
Summary: The study found that taurine, alanine, and proline can promote insulin secretion through the regulation of ion transport and inhibition of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter. This action of taurine may have potential value in the treatment of diabetes.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Elaine Hillesheim, Xiaofei Yin, Geetha Priya Sundaramoorthy, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of personalized nutrition advice compared to population-level advice in improving dietary quality and metabolic health biomarkers. A 12-week parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted with 107 healthy adults. The personalized group received dietary advice based on their metabotype characteristics and individual traits, while the control group received generic dietary advice. The personalized approach resulted in higher dietary quality and significant improvements in various metabolic health biomarkers.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Fiona O'Connell, Eimear Mylod, Noel E. Donlon, Aisling B. Heeran, Christine Butler, Anshul Bhardwaj, Sinead Ramjit, Michael Durand, Gerard Lambe, Paul Tansey, Ivan Welartne, Kevin P. Sheahan, Xiaofei Yin, Claire L. Donohoe, Narayanasamy Ravi, Margaret R. Dunne, Lorraine Brennan, John V. Reynolds, Helen M. Roche, Jacintha O'Sullivan
Summary: This study conducted a detailed assessment of adipose tissue metabolism and secreted pro-inflammatory, metabolite, and lipid profiles in OAC patients. The study found that OAC patients with obesity and metabolic dysfunction had increased metabolic profiles linked to tumorigenesis and inflammation. These findings suggest that targeting these altered signaling mechanisms could potentially aid current treatment strategies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claire Connolly, Xiaofei Yin, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: This study examines the impact of lactation stage on bovine milk metabolite levels using metabolomics analysis. The results show significant differences in metabolites across lactation stages, with early-lactation milk having a distinct metabolomic profile.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorraine Brennan, Baukje de Roos
Summary: Precision nutrition aims to provide personalized dietary advice based on individual genetics, metabolism, and dietary/environmental exposures. Recent advances in omic technologies, particularly metabolomics, offer valuable insights for precision nutrition by capturing information on food intake, bioactive compounds, and the impact of diets on metabolism. Utilizing metabolomic profiles to identify subgroups and incorporating them into prediction models can help understand and predict responses to dietary interventions. However, there are still unanswered questions and the key for the future is to address these and demonstrate the efficacy of precision nutrition in promoting adherence to healthier diets and improving overall health.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aoife E. Mcnamara, Xiaofei Yin, Cassandra Collins, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: It has been well-established that consuming cruciferous and brassica vegetables is correlated with reduced rates of negative health outcomes. This study aimed to identify biomarkers of broccoli intake and examine the dose-response relationship using metabolomic approaches. The results showed that urinary S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) and several LC-MS features appeared as potentially promising biomarkers of broccoli consumption.
