Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Albert J. Fenoy, Paul E. Schulz, Marsal Sanches, Sudhakar Selvaraj, Christina L. Burrows, Bashar Asir, Christopher R. Conner, Joao Quevedo, Jair C. Soares
Summary: This study demonstrates that deep brain stimulation to the superolateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle is an effective therapy for treatment resistant depression, with sustained antidepressant effects observed for up to 5 years. Evaluation of modulated fiber tracts reveals significant prefrontal/orbitofrontal connectivity to the target region in all responders.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Julia Iskhakova, Tatjana Mustac, Asnat Yuabov, Jason Macanian, Emanuel Israel, Petra Dohnalova, Ben Iskhakov, Eden Ben Lulu, Sonya Aminov, David Fazylov, Richard J. Bodnar
Summary: The present study found that C57BL/6 mice showed higher sensitivity to different drug interventions in the acquisition and expression of fat conditioned flavor preferences. There were also differences in the acquisition and expression of fat and sugar conditioned flavor preferences in these mice.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Angeles Cintado, Gabriel Gonzalez, Lucia Carcel, Luis Gonzalo de la Casa
Summary: In three experiments, the potential anxiolytic effects of sodium valproate, a drug used to treat seizures, were analyzed in rats. Injecting valproate prior to introducing a new flavor solution reduced neophobia in the presence of a context associated with the drug. However, a control group that received the drug showed reduced consumption. The drug also had negative effects on locomotor activity, which affected drinking behavior. Additionally, directly injecting the drug before a fear conditioning procedure tested its anxiolytic properties.
Article
Neurosciences
Xun Yang, Yuan Song, Yuhan Zou, Yilin Li, Jianguang Zeng
Summary: This study investigated the neural correlates of processing prediction error signals in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The results showed that schizophrenia patients exhibited increased activity in certain brain regions, such as the precentral gyrus and middle frontal gyrus, and reduced activity in the mesolimbic circuit when processing prediction errors. Additionally, abnormal activity was found in frontal areas and mesolimbic areas during encoding of prediction error signals in schizophrenia patients.
Article
Biology
Blaise Robert, Eyal Y. Kimchi, Yurika Watanabe, Tatenda Chakoma, Miao Jing, Yulong Li, Daniel B. Polley
Summary: Research shows that basal forebrain cholinergic neurons have different functional characteristics in different regions, broadcasting diverse modulatory signals to downstream brain regions.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Zhi Lu, Yang Hu, Cong Yu, Yan Chen, Bing Zeng
Summary: Fashion compatibility predictions have gained increasing attention. This paper proposes a context conditioning embedding approach to learn compact representations that preserve shared information among items in the presence of contextual items.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Prachi Pratyusha Sahoo, Aris Kanellopoulos, Kyriakos G. Vamvoudakis
Summary: This article presents a novel intermittent learning scheme based on Skinner's operant conditioning techniques, which approximates the optimal policy while decreasing information transfer. Traditional reinforcement learning schemes can lead to overutilization of limited resources and face the risk of malicious interference. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Jessica C. Lee
Summary: While there is ample evidence of second-order conditioning in non-human animals, the evidence for this phenomenon in humans is limited. The author reviews existing literature and discusses potential factors such as interaction with conditioned inhibition that may contribute to the difficulty in observing second-order conditioning in humans. The conclusion is that second-order conditioning is a real but challenging phenomenon to study in humans, with directions for future research suggested.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Gaq Tu, Adel Halawa, Xiaotian Yu, Samuel Gillman, Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi
Summary: Acetylcholine controls arousal, attention, and learning through regulating cortical excitability and plasticity. Recent research found that cholinergic neurons emit precise signals about aversive outcomes. This study manipulated cholinergic terminals in the mPFC and discovered that phasic cholinergic signaling plays a crucial role in aversive associative learning.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexandra Sobczaka, Mushfa Yousuf, Nico Bunzeck
Summary: This study investigated the responses and functional connectivity of different brain regions during reward and punishment anticipation in a social incentive delay task. The findings suggest that the functional connectivity patterns of the basal forebrain and mesolimbic areas are associated with the emotional valence of social feedback.
Article
Neurosciences
Karita E. Ojala, Athina Tzovara, Benedikt A. Poser, Antoine Lutti, Dominik R. Bach
Summary: Survival in biological environments requires learning associations between predictive sensory cues and threatening outcomes, which may be implemented through reinforcement learning algorithms driven by prediction errors (PEs). This study investigated the neural representation of PEs during maintenance of learned aversive associations using fMRI, revealing that PEs were encoded in the medial prefrontal cortex during the omission of aversive outcomes.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Qinglai Wei, Tao Li, Derong Liu
Summary: The article introduces a deep reinforcement learning method to address air conditioning control problems with human expressions as input, aiming to improve work efficiency by eliminating human sleepiness.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anne S. Berry, Theresa M. Harrison
Summary: The basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) has been associated with age-related cognitive changes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite limitations in cholinergic interventions, there is a renewed interest in studying the BFCS using novel frameworks. This article outlines the structure and function of the BFCS, its role in cognition and emotion, and its vulnerability to aging and AD. It also explores the BFCS in relation to the amyloid hypothesis, selective vulnerability, pathology spread, and sleep health in AD research.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Montana Renae Barrett, Michael Scott Davis
Summary: Athletic conditioning can increase the expression of glucose transporters such as GLUT4 and GLUT12, leading to an increase in insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuto Momohara, Curtis L. Neveu, Hsin-Mei Chen, Douglas A. Baxter, John H. Byrne
Summary: In this study, the researchers used an in vitro analog of operant conditioning (OC) to investigate the effects of OC on the excitability of the inhibitory neuron B4 and its inhibitory connection to the decision-making neuron B51 in a feeding neural circuit. They found that OC decreased the excitability of B4 and weakened its inhibitory connection to B51. These changes were specific and did not affect other neurons critical for feeding behavior. Additionally, the researchers demonstrated that reducing the B4-to-B51 synapse or increasing B51 excitability mediated the OC phenotype more effectively than decreasing B4 excitability alone. Furthermore, they found that combinations of these modifications synergistically enhanced feeding behavior. These results suggest that diverse loci work together to mediate OC and that certain neurons are well suited to work synergistically with plasticity in other loci.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Anthony Sclafani, Hermann Koepsell, Karen Ackroff
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alan C. Spector, Carel W. le Roux, Steven D. Munger, Susan P. Travers, Anthony Sclafani, Julie A. Mennella
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2017)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tamar T. Kraft, Donald Huang, Sam LaMagna, Deena Warshaw, Elona Natanova, Anthony Sclafani, Richard J. Bodnar
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Psychology, Biological
P. S. Hogenkamp, A. Shechter, M-P St-Onge, A. Sciafani, H. R. Kissileff
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2017)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Anthony Sclafani, Karen Ackroff
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2017)
Article
Physiology
Anthony Sclafani, Karen Ackroff
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Physiology
Anthony Sclafani, Karen Ackroff
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Anthony Sclafani
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2018)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Anthony Sclafani, Austin S. Vural, Karen Ackroff
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2018)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Anthony Sclafani, Karen Ackroff
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2019)
Article
Physiology
John Glendinning, Jennifer Maleh, Gabriella Ortiz, Khalid Touzani, Anthony Sclafani
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Anthony Sclafani, Steven Zukerman, Karen Ackroff
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Anthony Sclafani, Alexander Castillo, Ion Carata, Rachel Pines, Eli Berglas, Serena Joseph, Joymin Sarker, Mirna Nashed, Matthew Roland, Sebastian Arzayus, Niki Williams, John I. Glendinning, Richard J. Bodnar
Summary: This study investigated the effects of isomaltulose and allulose, two alternative sugars, on appetite and preference in mice. The results showed that isomaltulose had a weaker appetite effect, while allulose induced aversion in mice. Additionally, the preference for isomaltulose over sucrose could be altered by adding a noncaloric sweetener mixture.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anthony Sclafani, Austin S. Vural, Karen Ackroff
Article
Physiology
John I. Glendinning, Yonina G. Frim, Ayelet Hochman, Gabrielle S. Lubitz, Anthony J. Basile, Anthony Sclafani
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2017)