Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qing Ye, Chao Zhou, Sisi Li, Jingjing Wang, Fei Liu, Zhixia Liu, Jianhua Mao, Haidong Fu
Summary: This study analyzed the immune cell characteristics of patients with nephrotic syndrome, finding immune cell imbalances including T cells, B cells, Monocytes, and NK cells, confirming the involvement of immune factors in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federica Casiraghi, Marta Todeschini, Manuel Alfredo Podesta, Marilena Mister, Barbara Ruggiero, Matias Trillini, Camillo Carrara, Olimpia Diadei, Alessandro Villa, Ariela Benigni, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Summary: Immune dysregulation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of steroid-dependent/frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS). However, no major B- or T-cell alterations have been described for adults, unlike in pediatric cases. This study found that patients with SDNS/FRNS have expansion of memory B cells and reduced memory Tregs. The levels of CD45RO(+) Tregs at baseline may help predict which patients will achieve sustained remission following rituximab infusion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Philipp Gauckler, Jae Il Shin, Federico Alberici, Vincent Audard, Annette Bruchfeld, Martin Busch, Chee Kay Cheung, Matija Crnogorac, Elisa Delbarba, Kathrin Eller, Stanislas Faguer, Kresimir Galesic, Sian Griffin, Martijn W. F. van den Hoogen, Zdenka Hruskova, Anushya Jeyabalan, Alexandre Karras, Catherine King, Harbir Singh Kohli, Gert Mayer, Rutger Maas, Masahiro Muto, Sergey Moiseev, Balazs Odler, Ruth J. Pepper, Luis F. Quintana, Jai Radhakrishnan, Raja Ramachandran, Alan D. Salama, Ulf Schonermarck, Marten Segelmark, Lee Smith, Vladimir Tesar, Jack Wetzels, Lisa Willcocks, Martin Windpessl, Ladan Zand, Reza Zonozi, Andreas Kronbichler
Summary: Membranous nephropathy is the most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome among adults, and rituximab is now considered a first-line treatment option due to its favorable safety profile. However, questions remain about the optimal use of rituximab, and further research is needed to address these uncertainties.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Manuela Colucci, Andrea Angeletti, Federica Zotta, Rita Carsetti, Francesca Lugani, Lucilla Rava, Pietro Ravani, Francesco Emma, Gian Marco Ghiggeri, Marina Vivarelli
Summary: B-cell depleting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies have proven efficacy in children with frequently relapsing/steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. In this study, older age and lower levels of memory B cells at the time of anti-CD20 infusion were associated with a lower risk of relapse.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yewei Chen, Qian Shen, Min Dong, Ye Xiong, Hong Xu, Zhiping Li
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of rituximab in pediatric patients with FRNS/SDNS, showing a significant increase in drug clearance in this patient population. It suggests that higher doses or more frequent regimens of rituximab may be needed for optimal therapeutic effects in patients with FRNS/SDNS, warranting further clinical studies with more patients to confirm this result.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Biswanath Basu, Stella Erdmann, Anja Sander, Tapan Kumar Sinha Mahapatra, Jan Meis, Franz Schaefer
Summary: In the RITURNS trial, single-course rituximab was found to be more effective than maintenance tacrolimus in preventing relapses in children with SDNS. However, the therapeutic effect of rituximab diminished in the second year post-exposure and was less effective as a second line therapy compared to first-line therapy. Maintenance MMF following rituximab induced long-term disease remission. Higher grade 2 adverse event rates were observed with rituximab compared to tacrolimus.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Behnaz Bazargani, Zahra Noparast, Leila Khedmat, Daryoosh Fahimi, Seyed Taher Esfahani, Mastaneh Moghtaderi, Arash Abbasi, Azadeh Afshin, Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi
Summary: The study found that rituximab (RTX) showed significant efficacy in inducing complete or partial remission in children with steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SDNS, SRNS) in the short term. However, there was no significant difference in the long-term response between the two groups.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Lucia Del Vecchio, Marco Allinovi, Paolo Rocco, Bruno Brando
Summary: Rituximab, as a widely recommended treatment for nephrotic syndromes, has shown efficacy and safety in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. However, its efficacy and treatment schedules in adults with nephrotic syndrome remain a matter of debate, with a large interindividual variability in response. High resolution flow cytometry has been suggested as a useful tool for better understanding reasons of rituximab failure or avoiding unnecessary retreatments.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Eugene Yu-hin Chan, Desmond Yat-hin Yap, Manuela Colucci, Alison Lap-tak Ma, Rulan S. Parekh, Kjell Tullus
Summary: Rituximab is an established therapy for children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, providing short- to medium-term disease remission and avoiding steroid toxicities. Recent trials focus on using rituximab as a first-line agent for milder disease severity. The treatment response to rituximab depends on various factors, including patient characteristics, dosing regimen, and the use of immunosuppression. Repeated treatments lead to an improving response overall, but relapse eventually occurs in 80% of patients, necessitating additional courses of rituximab. The long-term safety profile and the development of reliable predictors for treatment success and side effects are areas of concern.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Rui Ma, Dengyan Wu, Zhiqin He, Qian Chang, Yonghong Yang
Summary: C1q nephropathy is a rare glomerulopathy with unclear pathogenesis and lack of generalizability in treatment and prognosis due to diversity in clinical manifestations and pathological types. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody primarily used for lymphomas, has shown effectiveness in treating pediatric C1q nephropathy, but dosage reconsiderations may be necessary.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jialu Liu, Qian Shen, Li Xie, Jiyang Wang, Yaxuan Li, Jing Chen, Xiaoyan Fang, Xiaoshan Tang, Biyun Qian, Hong Xu
Summary: The RTXFIRPedINS trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of rituximab in reducing the risk of relapse in children with the first episode of IgA nephropathy. The trial involves 44 children who will receive standardized corticosteroid treatment and a single intravenous infusion of rituximab, followed by a one-year follow-up period.
Article
Immunology
Maximilian Webendoerfer, Linda Reinhard, Rolf A. K. Stahl, Thorsten Wiech, Hans-Willi Mittruecker, Sigrid Harendza, Elion Hoxha
Summary: This study found that rituximab can induce remission of proteinuria in patients with MCD even if circulating B cells are absent. CD20(+) T cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of MCD and might be a promising treatment target in patients with MCD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Yiyun Song, Lin Ding, Xin An, Yi Zhao, Xianhua Li, Xiangdong Yang, Xiaoyan Xiao
Summary: This article reports two cases of symptomatic hypokalemia after intravenous rituximab administration, reminding healthcare professionals to consider the possibility of acute hypokalemia after rituximab administration, monitor potassium levels timely, and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Eugene Yu-hin Chan, Ellen L. M. Yu, Andrea Angeletti, Zainab Arslan, Biswanath Basu, Olivia Boyer, Chang-Yien Chan, Manuela Colucci, Guillaume Dorval, Claire Dossier, Stefania Drovandi, Gian Marco Ghiggeri, Debbie S. Gipson, Riku Hamada, Julien Hogan, Kenji Ishikura, Koichi Kamei, Markus J. Kemper, Alison Lap-tak Ma, Rulan S. Parekh, Seetha Radhakrishnan, Priya Saini, Qian Shen, Rajiv Sinha, Chantida Subun, Sharon Teo, Marina Vivarelli, Hazel Webb, Hong Xu, Hui Kim Yap, Kjell Tullus
Summary: This study examines the long-term outcomes of multiple courses of rituximab among children with frequently relapsing, steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (FRSDNS). The results show that repeated use of rituximab improves clinical response in these children, with acceptable side effects.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Claire Dossier, Benjamin Prim, Christelle Moreau, Theresa Kwon, Anne Maisin, Sylvie Nathanson, Christiane De Gennes, Katia Barsotti, Abdelmajid Bourrassi, Julien Hogan, Georges Deschenes
Summary: The study demonstrates that a global antiB cell strategy combining obinutuzumab and daratumumab can induce prolonged peripheral B cell depletion and remission in children with difficult-to-treat SDNS.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2021)