Article
Clinical Neurology
Amy E. Jolly, Maria Balaet, Adriana Azor, Daniel Friedland, Stefano Sandrone, Neil S. N. Graham, Karl Zimmerman, David J. Sharp
Summary: This study introduces a pipeline for assessing the presence of axonal injury in traumatic brain injury patients, revealing that the majority of patients have axonal injury in the chronic and subacute phases. Patients with axonal injury exhibit significantly poorer cognitive and functional outcomes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Neil Graham, Karl Zimmerman, Amanda J. Heslegrave, Ashvini Keshavan, Federico Moro, Samia Abed-Maillard, Adriano Bernini, Vincent Dunet, Elena Garbero, Giovanni Nattino, Arturo Chieregato, Enrico Fainardi, Camelia Baciu, Primoz Gradisek, Sandra Magnoni, Mauro Oddo, Guido Bertolini, Jonathan M. Schott, Henrik Zetterberg, David Sharp
Summary: This study found that plasma p-tau181 concentrations are not significantly elevated during the first year after moderate-to-severe TBI and do not relate to neuroimaging measures of neurodegeneration.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Jordan M. Komisarow, Daniel T. Laskowitz, Monica S. Vavilala
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant global health issue with extracranial organ dysfunction being common after severe TBI, impacting clinical care and outcomes. However, extracranial organ dysfunction remains understudied compared to other critical care paradigms.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yuheng Liu, Xuanhui Liu, Zhijuan Chen, Yuanzhi Wang, Jing Li, Junjie Gong, Anqi He, Mingyu Zhao, Chen Yang, Weidong Yang, Zengguang Wang
Summary: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is crucial for decreasing intracranial pressure and improving neurological function after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the effects of DC on a severe TBI mouse model and found that DC can reduce intracranial pressure, improve neurological and motor function, and attenuate blood-brain barrier damage, inflammatory response, and neuronal apoptosis. However, DC may also lead to brain edema and long-term impairment of neurological function.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Cassidy Q. B. Mostert, Ranjit D. Singh, Maxime Gerritsen, Erwin J. O. Kompanje, Gerard M. Ribbers, Wilco C. Peul, Jeroen T. J. M. van Dijck
Summary: This systematic review investigated the long-term outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and found limited and heterogeneous literature in this area. Mortality and unfavorable outcome rates were high, but a considerable proportion of survivors achieved favorable outcomes.
ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lorna Wales
Summary: This paper presents a conceptual framework for understanding self-awareness following a TBI in childhood. The framework includes three key components: self-awareness knowledge, self-awareness in context, and self-awareness for the future. The relationship between these concepts is highlighted.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew Kolisnyk, Karnig Kazazian, Karina Rego, Sergio L. Novi, Conor J. Wild, Teneille E. Gofton, Derek B. Debicki, Adrian M. Owen, Loretta Norton
Summary: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to predict neurologic recovery in unresponsive patients with severe brain injury. The study found that the method accurately predicted the outcome of patients and could affect discussions surrounding withdrawal of life-sustaining measures.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dmitriy Petrov, Stephen P. Miranda, Ramani Balu, Connor Wathen, Alex Vaz, Vinodh Mohan, Christian Colon, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
Summary: The objective of this study was to develop an algorithm capable of predicting the onset of intracranial pressure (ICP) crises in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The random forest model demonstrated the highest accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) in predicting ICP crises. If implemented in clinical workflows, this algorithm can enable earlier intervention and more effective treatment of intracranial hypertension, potentially leading to improved outcomes for patients with severe TBI.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Markus B. Skrifvars, Nora Luethi, Michael Bailey, Craig French, Alistair Nichol, Tony Trapani, Colin McArthur, Yaseen M. Arabi, Stepani Bendel, David J. Cooper, Rinaldo Bellomo, EPO TBI Investigators, ANZICS Clinical Trials Grp
Summary: Recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) did not decrease overall long-term mortality nor improve functional outcome in moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). The limited sample size makes it difficult to draw final conclusions about the use of EPO in TBI.
INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Rehabilitation
Emilie Dromer, Lyes Kheloufi, Philippe Azouvi
Summary: Impaired self-awareness (ISA) is common in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and tends to improve over time. There is no single gold-standard measure of ISA, but self-proxy discrepancy scores are commonly used. ISA mainly involves cognitive and behavioral issues rather than physical or sensory impairments.
ANNALS OF PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Owen Lloyd, Tamara Ownsworth, Jennifer Fleming, Megan Jackson, Melanie Zimmer-Gembeck
Summary: This study found that impaired self-awareness in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury is associated with factors such as age at injury, severity of injury, and family dysfunction. Poor self-awareness is closely related to parent-rated child adaptive functioning, emotional, and behavioral problems, but also related to children's self-concept and mood symptoms.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew Pease, Jonathan Elmer, Ameneh Zare Shahabadi, Arka N. Mallela, Juan F. Ruiz-Rodriguez, Daniel Sexton, Niravkumar Barot, Jorge A. Gonzalez-Martinez, Lori Shutter, David O. Okonkwo, James F. Castellano
Summary: By analyzing early electroencephalographic (EEG) features, it is possible to identify patients at high risk for posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases. Quantitative EEG (qEEG) analysis showed that PTE patients had higher spectral power and power variance in the delta frequencies, as well as higher peak envelope. These findings have significant implications for early clinical management and patient selection in clinical trials.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ruud van der Veen, Jaap Oosterlaan, Mike Bos, Mara van Dooren, Isil Dudukcu, Andries van Iperen, Linda Kooiman, Karel Nicolas, Saskia Peerdeman, Marsh Konigs
Summary: This article describes the development and implementation of a measurement feedback system (MFS) for neurorehabilitation after acquired brain injury (ABI). The MFS collects clinical data and provides feedback to clinicians, facilitating progress monitoring and shared decision making. The accumulation of data in the MFS enables data-driven precision rehabilitation medicine.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS
(2022)
Review
Rehabilitation
Emilie Dromer, Lyes Kheloufi, Philippe Azouvi
Summary: Impaired self-awareness (ISA) is commonly seen in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is associated with poor rehabilitation outcomes, functional impairments, social difficulties, and increased burden on relatives. Various factors are related to the increased frequency of ISA, with a paradoxical inverse association found between ISA and emotional status.
ANNALS OF PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura S. Blackwell, Bushra Wali, Yijin Xiang, Ali Alawieh, Iqbal Sayeed, Andrew Reisner
Summary: Blood-based biomarkers for traumatic brain injury (TBI) have diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic usefulness. This study examined the predictive value of plasma osteopontin (OPN) and S100B for mortality, head CT findings, and 6-month functional outcomes in children with TBI. The findings showed that OPN is a marker of injury severity, while S100B is important for predicting mortality and functional outcomes. Rating: 8/10.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Raechelle M. Gibson, Srivas Chennu, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo, Lorina Naci, Adrian M. Owen, Damian Cruse
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2017)
Article
Neuroimaging
Clara A. Stafford, Adrian M. Owen, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. Demertzi, E. Tagliazucchi, S. Dehaene, G. Deco, P. Barttfeld, F. Raimondo, C. Martial, D. Fernandez-Espejo, B. Rohaut, H. U. Voss, N. D. Schiff, A. M. Owen, S. Laureys, L. Naccache, J. D. Sitt
Article
Neurosciences
Sean Coulborn, Howard Bowman, R. Chris Miall, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Davide Aloi, Antonio Incisa della Rocchetta, Alice Ditchfield, Sean Coulborn, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo
Summary: Patients with PDOC may have intact cognitive functioning despite their limited external behavior, a phenomenon known as cognitive-motor dissociation. While tDCS has shown potential for therapeutic benefits, studies have shown inconsistent results due to various factors. Neuroimaging and electrophysiological assessments may serve as more sensitive biomarkers to identify changes after tDCS, and future research should focus on integrating tDCS with rehabilitation programs to explore potential synergies.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sean Coulborn, Chris Taylor, Lorina Naci, Adrian M. Owen, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo
Summary: New research suggests that prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC) are caused by structural and functional impairments in key cortical and subcortical networks, including the default mode network (DMN) and the anterior forebrain mesocircuit (AFM). Although the specific mechanisms remain unknown, disruptions in the striatal-pallidal pathway are believed to play a role in PDOC. Analysis of rs-fMRI data indicates that PDOC patients exhibit reduced coupling within the AFM, resulting in disturbances in the DMN.
Article
Neurosciences
Davide Aloi, Roya Jalali, Penelope Tilsley, R. Chris Miall, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo
Summary: Research using tDCS intervention in long-term PDOC patients successfully altered dynamic coupling between brain regions. The results indicate that M1-tDCS and cb-tDCS can improve patients' motor deficits, enhancing rehabilitation options and quality of life.
Article
Clinical Neurology
David Fischer, Virginia Newcombe, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo, Samuel B. Snider
Summary: Disorders of consciousness (DoC) after severe brain injury are challenging for clinicians due to uncertainties in diagnosis, prognosis, and management. Advanced MRI technology, including diffusion MRI and functional MRI, has the potential to improve understanding of DoC pathophysiology, aid in identifying patient consciousness, and enhance clinical prognostication. This article reviews emerging evidence for the application of advanced MRI in patients with DoC.
SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Loretta Norton, Karnig Kazazian, Teneille Gofton, Derek B. Debicki, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo, Jonathan E. Peelle, Eyad Al Thenayan, G. Bryan Young, Adrian M. Owen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of functional neuroimaging in assessing cognitive function in acute disorders of consciousness. The results showed that functional neuroimaging could detect preserved auditory function and language comprehension, and even reveal covert conscious awareness in patients. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between fMRI responsivity and the level of functional recovery.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sean Coulborn, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo
Summary: The study found that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex did not have an effect on mind-wandering propensity or underlying brain function.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sara Calzolari, Roya Jalali, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo
Summary: This study explored the effects of tDCS on the motor network in the brain and found that it has widespread effects on connectivity, extending beyond the targeted area and modulating connectivity between cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum. The changes have unique nonlinear temporal patterns. This research provides insights into the network-level effects of tDCS and may guide future optimization of its cognitive and clinical applications.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Loretta Norton, Mackenzie Graham, Karnig Kazazian, Teneille Gofton, Charles Weijer, Derek Debicki, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo, Eyad Al Thenayan, Adrian M. Owen
Summary: The study evaluated the potential of using functional neuroimaging for communication in patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome. The results showed that these patients can communicate using mental imagery and have intact command following abilities. This method could be used for patients to express their wishes or preferences and assent to previously made decisions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Brian L. Edlow, Varina L. Boerwinkle, Jitka Annen, Melanie Boly, Olivia Gosseries, Steven Laureys, Pratik Mukherjee, Louis Puybasset, Robert D. Stevens, Zachary D. Threlkeld, Virginia F. J. Newcombe, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo, Curing Coma Campaign
Summary: Advances in neuroimaging have provided insights into the mechanisms causing disorders of consciousness in patients with severe brain injuries. Neuroimaging techniques have improved diagnosis and prognosis, leading to endorsement of fMRI for clinical evaluation. However, standardized reporting is needed for research and collaboration.
NEUROCRITICAL CARE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Sara Calzolari, Svetla Boneva, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo
Summary: This study investigates the behavioral characteristics associated with cognitive flexibility when self-referential processes and traditional external processes are involved. The findings reveal switch costs in self-referential tasks for the first time, and suggest that between-domain switches have longer response times compared to within-domain switches.
NEUROSCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Damian Cruse, Marco Fattizzo, Adrian M. Owen, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo
