Article
Ophthalmology
Annette Zwanzig, Jie Meng, Heidi Mueller, Susanne Buerger, Manuela Schmidt, Maik Pankonin, Peter Wiedemann, Jan Darius Unterlauft, Wolfram Eichler
Summary: Secreted neuroprotective factors produced by Muller cells can promote RGC survival, and R28 cells are more resistant to apoptosis when co-cultured with Muller cells. Under hypoxia, IL-6 and VEGF are upregulated in Muller cells, and these factors can also alter the expression of Bcl-2 family members, which regulate apoptosis.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julia Ganz, Elyanne M. Ratcliffe
Summary: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the intrinsic nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and plays a crucial role in regulating GI functions. The development of the ENS is influenced by the intestinal microbiota and their interaction is important for normal development and disease pathogenesis. Mouse and zebrafish model systems have provided valuable insights into the bidirectional communication between the ENS and the microbiome.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shinichi Ishiguro, Tetsuro Shinada, Zhou Wu, Mayumi Karimazawa, Michimasa Uchidate, Eiji Nishimura, Yoko Yasuno, Makiko Ebata, Piyamas Sillapakong, Hiromi Ishiguro, Nobuyoshi Ebata, Junjun Ni, Muzhou Jiang, Masanobu Goryo, Keishi Otsu, Hidemitsu Harada, Koichi Suzuki
Summary: The study confirmed the significant effects of the novel cyclic peptide Naturido from medicinal fungus on both glia and neurons, promoting astrocyte proliferation, activating specific genes, and increasing dendrite length in neurons. Moreover, Naturido was found to shift microglial activation towards anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective phenotypes, leading to improved brain function and hair quality in senescence-accelerated mice. These results suggest that Naturido may be a promising modulator for the treatment of senescence, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Review
Cell Biology
Lauren H. Fairley, Amandine Grimm, Anne Eckert
Summary: Intercellular mitochondria transfer is a novel form of cell signalling that plays an important role in brain disorders and is considered a potential therapeutic strategy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mengmeng Jin, Hui Zhang, Baijie Xu, Yanan Li, Huiwen Qin, Shuguang Yu, Jie He
Summary: This study reveals the interaction between neurons and glial cells mediated by Jag2b and Notch3/Notch1b in the developing zebrafish retina, which is crucial for the generation and differentiation of Muller glia (MG) and the irreversible differentiation of MG.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuanglong Yi, Linfang Wang, Honglei Wang, Margaret S. Ho, Shiping Zhang
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of alpha-synuclein. Glial activation and neuroinflammation have been identified as new features of PD, and understanding the interaction between neurons and glia can provide insight into PD pathologies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Catarina Carvalhas-Almeida, Joana Serra, Joaquim Moita, Claudia Cavadas, Ana Rita Alvaro
Summary: According to the World Health Organization, insomnia symptoms affect about one-third of the population, with chronic insomnia affecting around 10-15% of individuals. Chronic sleep deprivation and insomnia can lead to disruption in the internal synchronisation of biological clocks, resulting in negative health impacts. Glial cells, particularly microglia and astrocytes, play a role in circadian rhythm regulation and sleep/circadian regulation and overall healthy brain function. Understanding the interplay between glial cells and neurons is crucial in addressing sleep disorders and maintaining brain health.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Kelly L. Jordan-Sciutto
Summary: Despite successful viral suppression with antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, people living with HIV still experience persistent cognitive, behavioral, and motor dysfunction, raising questions about the potential contribution of these drugs themselves. Evidence suggests that ARV drugs may have an impact on the central nervous system, highlighting the importance of minimizing ARV-induced cellular and tissue dysfunction to improve the quality of life for individuals dependent on life-long ART for viral suppression.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Andrew P. Patton, Nicola J. Smyllie, Johanna E. Chesham, Michael H. Hastings
Summary: The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master circadian clock in mammals and is generated and transmitted by the cell-autonomous transcriptional/post-translational feedback loops (TTFLs) of neurons and astrocytes. Astrocytes play an important role in circadian timekeeping by initiating rhythms and controlling the period, but neurons determine the phase of the SCN.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Baljit S. Khakh, Steven A. Goldman
Summary: Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene. Astrocytes in the striatum, a brain region affected in HD, play a role in the pathology of the disease. Dysfunctions in astrocytes contribute to cellular and metabolic abnormalities in HD, suggesting the potential for therapeutic targeting of these cells to restore normal function.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Du Chen, Hankui Cheng, Siyan Liu, Umar Al-Sheikh, Yuedan Fan, Duo Duan, Wenjuan Zou, Linhui Zhu, Lijun Kang
Summary: The glial L-Type VGCC EGL-19 plays a crucial role in regulating calcium variations and behavioral outputs in C. elegans, and it also affects the morphologies of sensory neurons and glial cells.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ben Rombaut, Sofie Kessels, Melissa Schepers, Assia Tiane, Dean Paes, Yevgeniya Solomina, Elisabeth Piccart, Daniel van den Hove, Bert Brone, Jos Prickaerts, Tim Vanmierlo
Summary: Synapses are essential for neuronal communication in the brain, and their balance is maintained through a careful coordination between synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning. Cell-signaling pathways play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity across different brain cells, with the involvement of second messengers like cGMP and cAMP. Targeting pathways involving phosphodiesterases (PDEs) presents a potential therapeutic strategy for combating excessive synapse loss in various neuropathologies.
Article
Neurosciences
Aline Timmermann, Dario Tascio, Ronald Jabs, Anne Boehlen, Catia Domingos, Magdalena Skubal, Wenhui Huang, Frank Kirchhoff, Christian Henneberger, Andras Bilkei-Gorzo, Gerald Seifert, Christian Steinhaeuser
Summary: NG2 glia is a unique type of macroglial cells in the CNS that receive synaptic input from neurons. Dysfunction in NG2 glia has been found to improve spatial memory but has no effect on social memory. Loss of the K+ channel Kir4.1 in NG2 glia leads to enhanced synaptic depolarizations and expression of myelin basic protein in the hippocampus. Targeted deletion of the K+ channel in NG2 glia impairs long-term potentiation at CA3-CA1 synapses, which can be rescued by extracellular application of a TrkB receptor agonist. These findings highlight the importance of proper NG2 glia function in brain function and behavior.
Review
Neurosciences
Dana F. DeSantis, Cody J. Smith
Summary: The precise organization and arrangement of neural cells is crucial for nervous system functionality, with cellular tiling ensuring non-redundant coverage of receptive fields. While there is extensive knowledge of the mechanisms mediating neuronal tiling, understanding of how glial cells contribute to the overall spatial arrangement of the nervous system remains limited. Further research is needed to explore potential mechanisms of glial tiling and develop new technologies for better understanding.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kitti Thiankhaw, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
Summary: PM2.5 is recognized worldwide as a cause of public health problems, particularly associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Exposure to PM2.5 is increasingly linked to neurological disorders, such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease, through mechanisms including neuroinflammation, increased ROS production, and neuronal apoptosis.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
