Journal
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue 6, Pages 467-476Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2111
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Wilhelm Sander Foundation
- European Community
- National Institutes of HealtH
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In the subset of primate lentiviruses that contain a vpu gene-HIV-1 and its simian precursors-the Nef protein has lost the ability to down-modulate CD3, block T cell activation and suppress programmed death. Vpu counteracts a host restriction factor induced by the inflammatory cytokine interferon-a. I propose that the acquisition of vpu may have allowed the viral lineage that gave rise to HIV-1 to evolve towards greater pathogenicity by removing the selective pressure for a protective Nef function that prevents damagingly high levels of immune activation.
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