Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aleksandra Derwich, Monika Sykutera, Barbara Brominska, Blazej Rubis, Marek Ruchala, Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj
Summary: Pituitary tumors, while mostly benign, can be aggressive and invasive, resistant to treatment, and prone to recurrence. The underlying mechanisms behind their behavior and metastasis are not fully understood. The RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways are crucial in cell growth and tumorigenesis. This review aims to explore the activation of these pathways in pituitary tumors and their potential as new therapeutic approaches. Thorough research is needed to ascertain their exact functions and mechanisms in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xianquan Zhan, Jiajia Li, Tian Zhou
Summary: Oxidative stress and oxidative damage are common pathophysiological characteristics in pituitary adenomas, with Nrf2 playing a central role in the oxidative stress response. Targeting Nrf2 signaling pathways may present a new therapeutic strategy for pituitary adenomas.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Ling Wang, Dingkai Xu
Summary: Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common type of intracranial tumor that can be treated surgically or with medication. However, some PA cases show invasion and cannot be completely removed, and a small percentage eventually develop into pituitary carcinomas. Understanding the pathological mechanism of PA and developing targeted therapies are of great importance.
IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Siyuan Gong, Martina Tetti, Martin Reincke, Tracy Ann Williams
Summary: Primary aldosteronism, caused by hyper-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex, involves metabolic adaptations of tumor cells, shaping the tumor microenvironment for survival advantages. Metabolic reprogramming towards fatty acid beta-oxidation and glycolysis, along with an immunosuppressive microenvironment, play crucial roles in aldosterone-producing adenomas' pathogenesis.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giuseppe Giuffrida, Valeria D'Argenio, Francesco Ferrau, Vito Alessandro Lasorsa, Francesca Polito, Federica Aliquo, Marta Ragonese, Oana Ruxandra Cotta, Ylenia Alessi, Rosaria Oteri, Federica Di Maggio, Alessio Asmundo, Petronilla Daniela Romeo, Federica Spagnolo, Lucio Pastore, Filippo Flavio Angileri, Mario Capasso, Salvatore Cannavo, M'Hammed Aguennouz
Summary: The study found that there are complex epigenetic modifications, mainly methylation and miRNA activity, in pituitary adenomas. Nonfunctioning tumors (NFPAs) showed higher methylation levels compared to GH-omas, with 178 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) mainly located in noncoding and intronic sequences. Additionally, the study identified three hypermethylated genes involved in tumorigenesis processes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Dingkai Xu, Ling Wang
Summary: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are among the most common primary intracranial tumors, causing severe endocrine disorders and malignant features. miRNAs play important roles in the invasion and metastasis of PAs and have been extensively studied as potential screening or prognostic biomarkers. This review summarizes recent studies on the emerging roles of miRNAs in PAs and their clinical significance.
EUROPEAN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zhiyu Xi, Pamela S. Jones, Masaaki Mikamoto, Xiaobin Jiang, Alexander T. Faje, Chuansheng Nie, Kathryn E. Labelle, Yunli Zhou, Karen K. Miller, Roy J. Soberman, Xun Zhang
Summary: Aggressive pituitary adenomas have increased expression of PD-L2, CD80, and CD86 compared to normal pituitary glands, and significantly higher levels of CD80 and CD86 compared to non-aggressive tumors. These findings support further research on the potential role of immune checkpoint inhibition therapy in the treatment of pituitary adenomas.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kaori Takeshita, Ichiro Abe, Wataru Kameda, Kota Ishii, Yuya Fujita, Mai Nagata, Kentaro Ochi, Yuki Senda, Midori Koga, Tadachika Kudo, Yurika Hada, Kaoru Takase, Yusuke Morinaga, Miiko Ito, Makiko Abe, Kenichi Ishizawa, Kunihisa Kobayashi
Summary: Pituitary apoplexy is a rare syndrome that often leads to spontaneous bleeding or infarction in pituitary tumors or glands. This study found that pituitary apoplexy occurs most frequently in patients with nonfunctional pituitary adenomas and is not related to tumor size. However, it is associated with hormonal deficiencies, liver dysfunction, hyponatremia or hypochloremia, and dyslipidemia.
Article
Oncology
Seung Woo Hong, Se Hoon Kim, Seung Hoon Lim, Eun Jig Lee, Sun Ho Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Eui Hyun Kim
Summary: The study evaluated the clinical relevance of the new cell lineage-based classification system for pituitary adenomas proposed by WHO, finding that it mostly matched with the traditional classification but discrepancies between TF and pituitary hormone stains exist in some cases. Null cell adenomas may be more prevalent than reported and are clinically more aggressive than gonadotroph adenomas.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mengqi Chang, Shenzhong Jiang, Xiaopeng Guo, Jun Gao, Peng Liu, Xinjie Bao, Ming Feng, Renzhi Wang
Summary: Exosomes are small vesicles that carry various molecules, including RNAs, and play important roles in cell communication and drug delivery. In this review, the impact of exosomal RNAs on pituitary adenoma and their potential as clinical therapies are discussed. Potential biomarkers and therapeutic applications of exosomes in pituitary adenoma are examined.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Salomon Cohen-Cohen, Desmond A. Brown, Benjamin T. Himes, Lydia P. Wheeler, Michael W. Ruff, Brittny T. Major, Naykky M. Singh Ospina, John L. D. Atkinson, Fredric B. Meyer, Irina Bancos, William F. Young Jr, Jamie J. Van Gompel
Summary: In patients with MEN1, the prevalence of pituitary adenomas is higher in females than in males. Functional adenomas, especially prolactin-secreting adenomas, are more common than nonfunctional ones. Most asymptomatic nonfunctional adenomas can be safely followed, with only a small percentage progressing to require surgery.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Giulia Cossu, Stefano La Rosa, Jean Philippe Brouland, Nelly Pitteloud, Ethan Harel, Federico Santoni, Maxime Brunner, Roy Thomas Daniel, Mahmoud Messerer
Summary: The expression of PD-L1 is associated with proliferative grades of Trouillas' classification and specific subtypes of PitNET expressing growth hormone.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Konstantinos Mantsopoulos, Matti Sievert, Ann-Kristin Iro, Sarina Katrin Mueller, Michael Koch, Mirco Schapher, Abbas Agaimy, Heinrich Iro
Summary: This study revealed significant differences in histopathological characteristics between pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid and submandibular glands, with submandibular PAs being characterized by an intact capsule, infrequent pseudopodia and satellite nodules.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexander Micko, Matthew S. Agam, Andrew Brunswick, Ben A. Strickland, Martin J. Rutkowski, John D. Carmichael, Mark S. Shiroishi, Gabriel Zada, Engelbert Knosp, Stefan Wolfsberger
Summary: The aim of this study is to assess the treatment strategies and outcomes of giant pituitary adenomas (GPAs) in the era of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS). The study found that the extent of resection is dependent on the morphology of the GPA. Treatment strategies for residual pituitary adenoma include early transcranial reoperation, delayed endoscopic transsphenoidal/transcranial reoperation, and adjuvant radiosurgery.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jiun-Lin Yan, Mao-Yu Chen, Yao-Liang Chen, Chi-Cheng Chuang, Peng-Wei Hsu, Kuo-Chen Wei, Chen-Nen Chang
Summary: This study evaluated the outcomes of the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach as the primary treatment for somatotroph adenomas and investigated patients with suboptimal surgical results. Factors such as tumor size, preoperative GH level, and residual tumors were found to be associated with surgical failure. Octreotide showed good outcomes for treating DGSA patients, while SRS/EXRT generated good results for patients receiving secondary treatments when remission could not be reached after 6 months of TSA operation.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
