Review
Immunology
Dermot Cox
Summary: Sepsis is accompanied by thrombocytopenia, which is associated with mortality. This thrombocytopenia is characteristic of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the sepsis-associated coagulopathy. Pathogens that cause sepsis directly activate platelets, leading to systemic thrombosis and multi-organ failure of DIC. This paper reviews the mechanisms of platelet activation by pathogens and the evidence for the use of anti-platelet agents in the management of sepsis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Information Science & Library Science
Shahper Richter, Alexander Richter
Summary: The Metaverse is not a radical departure, but rather an incremental evolution influenced by previous virtual worlds such as Second Life. By studying these earlier platforms, a framework has been proposed to differentiate the Metaverse from previous virtual worlds based on user experience. Comparing the Metaverse to Second Life demonstrates the value of this framework and deepens the current discourse on virtual worlds. The framework also sheds light on the potential impact of the Metaverse and helps identify lessons learned for its further development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Editorial Material
Hematology
Nelson J. Chao
Summary: In this article, the impact of chronic graft-versus-host disease on the formation of germinal centers is described. Using different small molecules, the study demonstrates the improvement of related disease models.
Review
Oncology
Lucy X. Ma, Elan D. Panov, Michael J. Allen, Gail E. Darling, Jonathan C. Yeung, Carol J. Swallow, Savtaj S. Brar, Rebecca K. Wong, Patrick Veit-Haibach, Sangeetha N. Kalimuthu, Eric X. Chen, Raymond W. Jang, Elena Elimova
Summary: Gastroesophageal cancers have poor prognoses and lack standardized treatment approaches globally. This article reviews the evidence for preoperative and postoperative therapy in these cancers, with a focus on recent practice-changing trials and ongoing research in immune checkpoint inhibition and biomarker-guided treatment.
JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE CANCER NETWORK
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Lorenzo Catani, Matthew Leifer, Giovanni Scala, David Schmid, Robert W. Spekkens
Summary: Uncertainty relations limit the extent to which the outcomes of measurements on a single state can be jointly predictable. While there are some uncertainty relations that are consistent with the classical worldview to some extent, there are still aspects that cannot be realized in this way and constitute genuine nonclassicality. This article investigates the predictability tradeoff of binary-outcome measurements and shows that for certain theories, the functional form of this tradeoff is constrained by noncontextuality. Qubit quantum theory violates this constraint, indicating the presence of contextuality. The implications for operational foils to quantum theory and the generalization to three measurements are also discussed.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Amaloha Casanova, Anne Wevers, Santiago Navarro-Ledesma, Leo Pruimboom
Summary: Mitochondria play a crucial role in various biological mechanisms and can influence overall health and disease. They are involved in energy production as well as maintaining iron and calcium balance and producing hormones and neurotransmitters. Mitochondria interact with other organelles, the nucleus, and the external environment, facilitating communication at all levels. Dysfunctional mitochondria have been linked to metabolic syndrome, neurological disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, and infections. This review focuses on understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial function and dysregulation and proposes strategies to recover mitochondrial health and treat chronic diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
David Morgenstern, Hila Wolf-Levy, Nili Tickotsky-Moskovitz, Itzik Cooper, Aron S. Buchman, David A. Bennett, Michal Schnaider Beeri, Yishai Levin
Summary: Protein glycosylation plays a crucial role in many biological pathways and diseases. This study found that the choice of buffer is just as important as the affinity of boronic acids for successful enrichment of glycopeptides. The elimination of amines significantly improves the method.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
David Morgenstern, Hila Wolf-Levy, Nili Tickotsky-Moskovitz, Itzik Cooper, Aron S. Buchman, David A. Bennett, Michal Schnaider Beeri, Yishai Levin
Summary: Protein glycosylation plays a crucial role in biological pathways and diseases. Enrichment and analysis of glycosylation modifications are challenging due to the diversity of glycan-peptide combinations. In this study, we found that buffer choice is equally important as improving the affinity of boronic acids to sugars for successful enrichment. The elimination of amines significantly improved the method, resulting in a 10-fold increase in quantified glycopeptides.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Valerie Barr
Summary: This statement emphasizes the expansion of students' understanding of computing's potential.
COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM
(2022)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Matti Eklund
Summary: Deflationism about truth raises questions about the characterization of concepts and properties, with different interpretations in the literature. Further exploration is needed to carefully distinguish these issues.
Article
Zoology
Elizabeth P. Derryberry, David Luther
Summary: Urban environments have significantly altered soundscapes, impacting the way animals communicate through acoustic signals. While much research has focused on the effects of urbanization on signalers and their signals, there is limited understanding of how noise pollution affects receiver behaviors and sensory systems. Future studies need to address key gaps in knowledge regarding how acoustic communication systems evolve in urban areas.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Claudio Cherchi, Maria B. B. Chiarini Testa, Daniele Deriu, Alessandra Schiavino, Francesca Petreschi, Nicola Ullmann, Maria G. G. Paglietti, Renato Cutrera
Summary: Respiratory complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with neuromuscular diseases, with pneumonia often caused by viral respiratory infections leading to increased secretions and impaired clearing ability. Additionally, dysfunction of the swallowing mechanism increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia in these patients, although the exact etiology of viral and bacterial respiratory infections in this population is still poorly understood.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Review
Fisheries
Gosta F. M. Baganz, Ranka Junge, Maria C. Portella, Simon Goddek, Karel J. Keesman, Daniela Baganz, Georg Staaks, Christopher Shaw, Frank Lohrberg, Werner Kloas
Summary: The study developed new or revised definitions for aquaponics and introduced a system analysis approach to explore different aquaponic setups. The new terms 'coupling type' and 'coupling degree' were introduced to better describe water-mediated connections of aquaponic subsystems. This new framework provides a basis for improved communication, uniform metric for comparing aquaponic facilities, and criteria for facility optimization.
REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE
(2022)
Article
Economics
Danilo Cascaldi-Garcia, Cisil Sarisoy, Juan M. Londono, Bo Sun, Deepa D. Datta, Thiago Ferreira, Olesya Grishchenko, Mohammad R. Jahan-Parvar, Francesca Loria, Sai Ma, Marius Rodriguez, Ilknur Zer, John Rogers
Summary: This paper comprehensively surveys the existing measures of uncertainty, risk, and volatility, and distinguishes their conceptual differences. It summarizes their construction methods, their relative advantages in usage, and their impacts on financial market and economic outcomes. The measures are categorized into four categories based on the construction methodology: news-based, survey-based, econometric-based, and market-based measures. However, the evaluation of the magnitude of these effects and the interpretation of transmission channels crucially depend on identification considerations.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Klaus R. Herrlinger, Eduard F. Stange
Summary: Biologicals have shown significant efficacy in treating diseases like Crohn's, but are only effective in a minority of patients. In real-life studies, outcomes are slightly better and mucosal healing is associated with improved prognosis. However, further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of the "treat to target" strategy.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. Golub, R. Egger, C. Mueller, S. Villalba-Chavez
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Matthias Gau, Reinhold Egger, Alex Zazunov, Yuval Gefen
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Rodrigo G. Pereira, Reinhold Egger
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ida E. Nielsen, Karsten Flensberg, Reinhold Egger, Michele Burrello
Summary: Recent experiments have shown the possibility of inducing superconducting pairing in counterpropagating fractional quantum Hall edge modes, paving the way for the realization of parafermionic modes. By conducting measurements, we can read the joint degree of freedom of isolated parafermions. Two complementary setups are proposed.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Alexander Ziesen, Alexander Altland, Reinhold Egger, Fabian Hassler
Summary: Tunnel spectroscopy data for Majorana bound states (MBS) detection is often criticized for potential confusion with low-lying Andreev bound states. We propose a protocol using sequence measurements at varying system parameters to remove this ambiguity. Our sampling method resolves the statistics of Andreev side lobes, providing compelling evidence for the presence or absence of a Majorana center peak.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alessandro De Martino, Luca Dell'Anna, Lukas Handt, Andrea Miserocchi, Reinhold Egger
Summary: We study the behavior of 2D Dirac fermions in the presence of a mass term that switches between positive and negative values periodically along one direction, which can occur in graphene or topological insulators. Through the transfer matrix approach, we obtain exact results for a superlattice with a piecewise constant mass. We find two classes of boundary and interface modes, which depend on the relative position of the mass superlattice with respect to a potential step.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tim Bauer, Lucas R. D. Freitas, Rodrigo G. Pereira, Reinhold Egger
Summary: We describe the scanning tunneling spectroscopic signatures of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) in Kitaev spin liquids. The tunnel conductance is determined by the dynamical spin correlations of the spin liquid, which we compute exactly, and by spin-anisotropic cotunneling form factors. Near a Z2 vortex, the tunnel conductance exhibits a staircase voltage dependence with conductance steps arising from MZMs and (at higher voltages) from additional vortex configurations. Scanning the probe tip position allows for the detection of vortex locations. Our analysis suggests that topological magnon bound states near defects or magnetic impurities generate spectroscopic signatures that differ qualitatively from those of MZMs.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Francesco Buccheri, Reinhold Egger, Alessandro De Martino
Summary: The study investigates low-energy single-electron transport across a junction of two magnetic Weyl semimetals with tilted anisotropy axes. The interface acts as a beam splitter, separating electrons with different chiralities, and interface states only appear for finite tilt angles. Transport effects are discussed due to their interplay with Fermi arcs.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Francesco Buccheri, Alessandro De Martino, Rodrigo G. Pereira, Piet W. Brouwer, Reinhold Egger
Summary: Weyl semimetals possess topological Fermi arc surface states that interact with phonons, which affect the quasiparticle decay rate and conductivity. By solving the Boltzmann equations, we analyze the linear response conductivity dependence on temperature, chemical potential, geometric shape, and slab width. We find an enhanced longitudinal conductivity along the chiral direction at low temperatures and a 1/T^2 scaling behavior at intermediate temperatures.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Francesco Buccheri, Andrea Nava, Reinhold Egger, Pasquale Sodano, Domenico Giuliano
Summary: In this study, we investigate the thermal transport through a Majorana island connected to multiple external quantum wires. We discover that, in the presence of a large charging energy, the Wiedemann-Franz law is nontrivially violated at low temperature, contrary to what occurs for the overscreened Kondo effect and for nontopological junctions. For three wires, we observe that the Lorenz ratio is rescaled by a universal factor of 2/3, and we demonstrate that this behavior is due to the presence of localized Majorana modes on the island.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Domenico Giuliano, Andrea Nava, Reinhold Egger, Pasquale Sodano, Francesco Buccheri
Summary: In this study, we analyze the charge and thermal transport at a junction of interacting quantum wires close to equilibrium. By computing the thermal conductance and examining the breakdown of the Wiedemann-Franz law at the junction, we provide insights into the physical processes involved. We also investigate the effect of connecting external reservoirs to the quantum wires on the conductance tensors at different fixed points of the junction's phase diagram.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alessandro De Martino, Kathrin Dorn, Francesco Buccheri, Reinhold Egger
Summary: We studied longitudinal magnetotransport in disorder-free cylindrical Weyl semimetal nanowires, finding that low-energy transport is dominated by surface states and that transport observables are highly sensitive to the boundary angle and Aharonov-Bohm phases. The presence of either one or two pairs of Fermi points in a generic subband dispersion relation affects the resistivity, with a larger resistivity observed in the case of two pairs.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Morten I. K. Munk, Jens Schulenborg, Reinhold Egger, Karsten Flensberg
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Alex Zazunov, Reinhold Egger, Yuval Gefen
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matthias Gau, Reinhold Egger, Alex Zazunov, Yuval Gefen
