Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Toni Calasanti, Neal King
Summary: This article reviews challenges to the Successful Aging framework proposed by Rowe and Kahn, advocating for a paradigm shift that avoids treating old age as a problem, reframes medical conditions as not solely a result of aging, and focuses on age relations as the root cause of issues related to aging. By emphasizing age relations, the paradigm seeks to normalize aging and value diverse modes of aging.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Frank A. P. C. Gobas, Yung-Shan Lee, Jon A. Arnot
Summary: This study explores the normalization of BMF of lipophilic chemicals in fish, finding that BMF is influenced by the lipid content of the diet and biomagnifies to a greater degree. Normalizing BMF to both the lipid content of fish and the diet provides a better representation of biomagnification in the real world.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Michele Invernizzi, Andreas Kraemer, Cecilia Clementi, Frank Noe
Summary: In this paper, a method named Learned Replica Exchange (LREX) is proposed, which combines replica exchange with normalizing flows to efficiently sample rare events. By training a normalizing flow to map the configurations of the fastest-mixing replica into configurations of the target distribution, LREX enables direct exchanges between the two without simulating intermediate replicas, thus significantly reducing computational cost. The proposed method also offers advantages compared to using normalizing flows directly for sampling the target distribution.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Michele Invernizzi, Andreas Kraemer, Cecilia Clementi, Frank Noe
Summary: We propose a efficient sampling method called learned replica exchange (LREX) by combining replica exchange with normalizing flows, which is a class of deep generative models. LREX allows direct exchanges between the fastest-mixing replica and the target distribution, reducing the computational cost compared to standard replica exchange. It also offers several advantages over Boltzmann generators that directly use normalizing flows to sample the target distribution.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Adam J. Iliff, Can Wang, Elizabeth A. Ronan, Alison E. Hake, Yuling Guo, Xia Li, Xinxing Zhang, Maohua Zheng, Jianfeng Liu, Karl Grosh, R. Keith Duncan, X. Z. Shawn Xu
Summary: The ability to sense airborne sound extends beyond vertebrates and arthropods to include invertebrates as well, suggesting convergent evolution of auditory capabilities in the animal kingdom. The discovery challenges the conventional view that invertebrates are insensitive to sound and highlights the unexpected role of nAChRs in mechanosensation. Animals without ears should not be automatically presumed to be sound insensitive.
Review
Neurosciences
Sara L. Prescott, Stephen D. Liberles
Summary: The vagus nerve plays a crucial role in controlling autonomic physiological activities and survival behaviors. Vagal sensory neurons innervate different internal organs, but many cell types remain poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the cell types, response properties, physiological/behavioral roles, neural circuits, and sensory receptors of vagal sensory neurons that innervate the respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. However, the signal transduction mechanisms of vagal sensory neurons and upstream sentinel cells still require further investigation to achieve the same level of mechanistic understanding as our external senses.
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Graeme A. Forbes, Nathan Wildman
Summary: This paper examines the metaphysical foundations of meaning change in words and advocates for the enduring senses view. It aims to clarify various aspects of meaning change and prompt further philosophical inquiry into the topic.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yao Lu, Stephen Gould, Thalaiyasingam Ajanthan
Summary: This paper addresses the problem of vanishing and exploding gradients in neural networks from the perspective of high-dimensional probability theory. It introduces a new class of activation functions and orthogonal weight matrices to constrain the forward and backward signal propagation in nonlinear neural networks, effectively solving the problem.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Evgenia Chunikhina, Paul Logan, Yevgeniy Kovchegov, Anatoly Yambartsev, Debashis Mondal, Andrey Morgun
Summary: Omics technologies are powerful tools for analyzing patterns in gene expression data for thousands of genes. In order to remove undesirable technical noises and recover covariance matrix, a novel normalization technique called the covariance shift (C-SHIFT) method is proposed in this paper. The method, which is suitable for logarithmic gene expression data analysis, outperforms classical normalization techniques in numerical experiments on synthetic data and real biological data.
IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Tian-Ze Dai, Yi Fan, Liang Qiu
Summary: The study investigates the relation between tripartite entanglement of a three-qubit system and the maximum steering inequality violation of reduced two-qubit states. It is found that a single parameter family of entangled three-qubit pure states have the maximum steering inequality violation among all three-qubit pure states, and establishes the complementary relation between tripartite entanglement and the maximum steering inequality violation.
Review
Developmental Biology
Anh Phuong Le, Jin Kim, Karl R. Koehler
Summary: Developing organs are influenced by physical interaction with the embryo's environment. Recent advancements in live-cell imaging and material science have enhanced our understanding of the mechanical forces driving organ formation. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the forces involved in embryonic development and focuses on specific organs related to our senses, such as the eyes, inner ears, nose, and skin. The review highlights animal studies that demonstrate the crucial role of mechanical forces in processes like sensory placode thickening, cochlea coiling, and hair lengthening. Additionally, the article discusses how microfabricated organoid systems offer unparalleled insights into the physical principles of human development.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Scott Lawrence, Yukari Yamauchi
Summary: Normalizing flows have been applied to accelerate Markov chains in lattice field theory, and a generalization that can be applied to theories with sign problems has been proposed. These complex normalizing flows are closely related to contour deformations and may exist for many physically interesting problems, including those with intractable sign problems. Additionally, normalizing flows can be constructed in perturbation theory.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marylou Gabrie, Grant M. Rotskoff, Eric Vanden-Eijnden
Summary: This article introduces an adaptive MCMC algorithm that enhances sampling from high-dimensional, multimodal probability distributions by using generative models as parameterized nonlocal transition kernels. The algorithm effectively samples across large free energy barriers and shows significant acceleration compared to traditional MCMC algorithms.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Communication
Gregory P. Perreault, Folker Hanusch
Summary: This article engages in the ongoing debate on the normalization of digital tools, specifically focusing on Instagram in journalism. Through interviews with lifestyle journalists from Austria and the United States, the authors explore how Instagram has become embedded in their routine practices and discuss the concept of normalization. They argue that normalizing Instagram also involves adapting norms developed on other platforms, such as Twitter.
DIGITAL JOURNALISM
(2022)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
William Hornett
Summary: This paper defends a new theory of perceptual capacities, emphasizing the importance of understanding their nature and individuation. The author argues for three adequacy constraints on a theory of perceptual capacities, highlighting the need for sensitivity to empirical considerations. Finally, the view presented in the paper suggests that perceptual capacities have a particularly close relation to the sensory modalities themselves.
