Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lin Cao, Yanqi Huang, Bogdan Parakhonskiy, Andre G. Skirtach
Summary: Nanoarchitectonics allows the design and construction of structures at the nanoscale, but the assembled structures may not always follow the projected design. This research discusses the fabrication of structures from molecules, polymers, nanoparticles, and nanosheets to polymer brushes, layer-by-layer assembly structures, and hydrogels through self-assembly processes, without the requirement for perfect order.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jorge Alfonso Leon Machado, Viktor Steimle
Summary: CIITA is the master regulator of MHC class II gene expression, functioning as a non-DNA-binding activator through interactions with the MHC enhanceosome complex. In addition to its role in MHC-II gene regulation, CIITA also plays important roles in cancer, viral restriction, and inhibition of virus replication.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Hematology
Matthew Collin
Summary: BRAF and MEK inhibitors have significantly improved the treatment of high-risk histiocytic neoplasms, but the question remains whether complete response allows for treatment withdrawal.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Magdalena Sieniawska, David Ian Jones
Summary: This paper explores the measurement method of continuous gravitational wave emission from spinning neutron stars. It finds that the distance measurement is always degenerate with the moment of inertia. By constraining one of the parameters, it is possible to break the degeneracy and measure the remaining parameter.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Ana C. De Roo, Crystal Ann Vitous, Samantha J. Rivard, Michaela C. Bamdad, Sara M. Jafri, Mary E. Byrnes, Pasithorn A. Suwanabol
Summary: The study explored how surgeons approach decision-making for high-risk older adult patients, finding that they primarily focus on risk assessment and setting expectations with patients and families rather than actively involving them in the decision-making process. Surgeons also reported influences on decision-making from quality metrics, referrals, and personal experiences. Patient involvement was seldom discussed, suggesting a lack of true shared decision-making.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Schmutzer, Andreas Wagner
Summary: Mistranslation is a common and significant source of nongenetic variation that can affect adaptive evolution in multiple ways. It flattens adaptive landscapes, increases genetic variation available to selection, renders some mutations nonneutral, and affects the fitness of different genotypes unequally. Despite increasing the incidence of epistasis, mistranslation can still lead to populations evolving higher fitness on rugged landscapes.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
J. Hewitt, M. Holden, B. L. Robinson, S. Jewitt, M. J. Clifford
Summary: The potential of biogas in promoting sustainable energy is evident, but many biogas plants in the Global South, particularly in Tanzania, experience failures and abandonment. This research identifies the main drivers of biogas plant failure, including poor construction, suboptimal feeding practices, operation and maintenance issues, and training and knowledge erosion. Understanding these challenges can lead to improved long-term and successful use of biogas plants.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Ufuk Aydemir, Jing Ren
Summary: This paper examines the scenario in which the majority of dark matter is composed of particles produced by the evaporation of primordial 2-2-holes, with the remnant contribution being secondary. The products with sufficiently light mass may contribute to the number of relativistic degrees of freedom in the early universe. Additionally, 2-2-hole evaporation can produce particles responsible for baryon asymmetry.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Keisuke Yanagida, Takao Shimizu
Summary: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple phospholipid that plays an important role as a bioactive signaling molecule through its specific G protein-coupled receptors. Recent studies have revealed the diverse physiological and pathological roles of LPA and its receptors in various organ systems. Mechanisms of LPA receptor signaling pathways are being explored, and the translation of these findings into clinical applications is underway, such as targeting LPA1 signaling to combat fibrotic diseases.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Business
Glen E. Kreiner, Aparna Joshi
Summary: Liminality refers to the status of being betwixt and between, neither fully in nor fully out of a group or phenomenon. Using boundary theory and personal experiences, the concept of liminal researchers is proposed and elaborated upon, highlighting their unique perspective and position in research.
ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Lars Kaduhr, Cindy Brachmann, Keerthiraju Ethiraju Ravichandran, James D. West, Sebastian Glatt, Raffael Schaffrath
Summary: Urm1, a unique member of the ubiquitin-fold protein family, serves as a sulfur carrier and protein modifier. Research on the urmylation reaction involving Ahp1 revealed the involvement of lysine target sites and redox requirements, providing insights into cellular oxidant defense.
Article
Management
Linda Ponta, Gloria Puliga, Valentina Lazzarotti, Raffaella Manzini, Silvano Cincotti
Summary: The study shows that both noncopatenting and copatenting strategies can be effective in improving economic and innovation performance, depending on the innovation intensity of the sector.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Krzysztof Klincewicz, Szymon Szumial
Summary: The role of patent attorneys is often overlooked in empirical analyses of patents. This study used a large dataset of Polish patent applications to identify factors contributing to successful patent outcomes. The findings suggest that multiple applicants, particularly scientific organizations, increase the likelihood of patent grants. Industry, region, and decisions to seek international protection were also found to be relevant variables. The study also emphasized the importance of attorney involvement, considering their prior experience and support for international patent applications.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Laura Sarno, Daniele Neola, Luigi Carbone, Gabriele Saccone, Annunziata Carlea, Marco Miceli, Giuseppe Gabriele Iorio, Ilenia Mappa, Giuseppe Rizzo, Raffaella Di Girolamo, Francesco D'Antonio, Maurizio Guida, Giuseppe Maria Maruotti
Summary: Artificial intelligence is being applied in various ways in the healthcare industry, including obstetrics. This study aimed to provide evidence on the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence in obstetrics, and the findings suggest that artificial intelligence can be a promising tool to support clinicians in their daily clinical activities. However, there are still issues to address, such as limited evidence and the need for better training and guidelines for clinicians.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY MFM
(2023)
Article
Linguistics
Eliane Lorenz, Yevheniia Hasai, Peter Siemund
Summary: Foreign language learners often use words from their previously acquired languages in the target language, known as lexical transfer. This phenomenon challenges the monolingual habitus in language classes. The study examined the use of lexical transfer instances in English texts by bilingual and monolingual students, finding that factors such as language background and school type have a significant impact on lexical transfer instances.
MULTILINGUA-JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL AND INTERLANGUAGE COMMUNICATION
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Jan C. Greyling, Philip G. Pardey
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alison K. B. Joglekar, Ulrike Wood-Sichra, Philip G. Pardey
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steven P. Dehmer, Philip G. Pardey, Jason M. Beddow, Yuan Chai
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Xudong Rao, Terrance M. Hurley, Philip G. Pardey
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS
(2020)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yuan Chai, Philip G. Pardey, Terrance M. Hurley, Senait D. Senay, Jason M. Beddow
Article
Food Science & Technology
Benigni A. Temba, Ross E. Darnell, Anne Gichangi, Deogratias Lwezaura, Philip G. Pardey, Jagger J. Harvey, James Karanja, Said M. S. Massomo, Noboru Ota, James M. Wainaina, Mary T. Fletcher, Darren J. Kriticos
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between aflatoxin B1 concentration and occurrence in maize samples from different agroecological zones in Kenya and Tanzania during the 2013 harvest season. Analysis showed that random forests achieved the highest overall accuracy in predicting aflatoxin contamination, with low rainfall and high temperatures early in the maize plant maturing stage serving as warning signs. Risk maps for the two countries were generated using both random forests and logistic regression models.
Article
Agronomy
Bryan C. Runck, Alison Joglekar, Kevin A. T. Silverstein, Connie Chan-Kang, Philip G. Pardey, James C. Wilgenbusch
Summary: Digital agriculture is seen as the next major innovative wave in the food and agriculture sector, driven by big data to transform research and development processes. However, challenges like data quality, interoperability, intellectual property rights, and data privacy hinder its progress. While digital agriculture platforms aim to address these challenges, there is still a lack of conceptual clarity in this new research domain.
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Julian M. Alston, Philip Pardey, Xudong Rao
Summary: The CGIAR is a successful institution that has spent about $60 billion on R&D for staple food crops to support the world's poor. Past research investments have shown an overall benefit-cost ratio of around 10:1, providing significant returns for CGIAR investments.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
James C. Wilgenbusch, Philip G. Pardey, Naomi Hospodarsky, Benjamin J. Lynch
Summary: Concerns regarding data ownership and privacy are widespread, affecting all sectors and potentially limiting the benefits of the big data revolution. To address data privacy and security in food and agricultural research and development (R&D), we propose a three-tiered approach based on risk tolerance, providing general guidelines mapped to standards. We emphasize the need for an economically informed approach that weighs the costs and benefits of data access and usage for R&D. The governance of data privacy must be aligned with standards for effective management. We discuss the evolving nature of data privacy in agricultural R&D and provide an overview of governance practices worldwide. Additionally, we apply our approach to the CGIAR's Responsible Data Guidelines as an example of how the healthcare sector has effectively implemented data privacy requirements.
Article
Agronomy
James Charles Wilgenbusch, Philip G. Pardey, Aaron Bergstrom
Summary: The article discusses the opportunities and challenges of Big Data in agriculture, covering all aspects of the research data lifecycle, highlighting data collection tools, advanced digital platforms for data storage, analysis, and sharing, and innovative insights derived from advanced computational methods.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuan Chai, Philip G. Pardey, Kevin A. T. Silverstein
Summary: This study revealed significant increases in both the spatial and temporal diversity of the US wheat crop over the past century by applying different diversity metrics. Contrary to common perceptions, scientifically selected varieties not only increase crop production but also enhance crop diversity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Economics
Philip G. Pardey, Julian M. Alston
Summary: After analyzing the detailed patterns of U.S. agricultural productivity growth, it is found that the slowdown in farm productivity growth may be related to the time path of agricultural R&D-driven knowledge stocks, a big wave of technological progress, and the completion of the structural transformation of agriculture.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY
(2021)
Article
Law
Gregory D. Graff, Philip G. Pardey
JOURNAL OF WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
(2020)
Article
Development Studies
Xudong Rao, Terrance M. Hurley, Philip G. Pardey
