Article
Environmental Sciences
Jaqueline Natiele Pereira, Adalgiza Fornaro, Marcelo Vieira-Filho
Summary: This study conducted in Lavras, Brazil, aimed to evaluate atmospheric deposition chemistry and found an increase in alkaline species in the samples, mainly attributed to agricultural activities and cement production in the region. The dominant ionic species identified were Ca2+ and NH4+, accounting for more than half of the total ionic species distribution.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alastair C. Lewis, Deborah Jenkins, Christopher J. M. Whitty
Summary: While dirty outdoor air gets more attention, understanding how pollutants form, accumulate, and affect our health indoors is equally important.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Beth S. Nelson, Daniel J. Bryant, Mohammed S. Alam, Roberto Sommariva, William J. Bloss, Mike J. Newland, Will S. Drysdale, Adam R. Vaughan, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Leigh R. Crilley, Stefan J. Swift, Pete M. Edwards, Alastair C. Lewis, Ben Langford, Eiko Nemitz, Ranu Shivani, Ranu Gadi, Bhola R. Gurjar, Dwayne E. Heard, Lisa K. Whalley, Uelkeu A. Sahin, David C. S. Beddows, James R. Hopkins, James D. Lee, Andrew R. Rickard, Jacqueline F. Hamilton
Summary: Delhi, India, experiences periods of very poor air quality, and this study investigates the chemical production of secondary pollutants in this highly polluted area. The authors found extremely high nighttime concentrations of NOx and VOCs, with low concentrations of oxidants and high nighttime NO concentrations. This leads to an atypical NO3 diel profile and a shift in peak O3 concentrations compared to the premonsoon period. The authors suggest that urban air quality management should consider the impacts of nighttime emission sources in the postmonsoon period.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Correction
Chemistry, Physical
Mads P. Sulbaek P. Andersen, Aleksandra Volkova, Sofie A. Hass, Jonathan W. Lengkong, Dvien Hovanessian, Theis I. Solling, Timothy J. Wallington, Ole J. Nielsen
Summary: Correction for 'Atmospheric chemistry of (Z)- and (E)-1,2-dichloroethene: kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O-3' by Mads P. Sulbaek Andersen et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 7356-7373, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP04877E.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Brian Zambri, Douglas E. Kinnison, Susan Solomon
Summary: Heterogeneous halogen chemistry plays a dominant role in driving changes in polar chemical composition and ozone depletion. This study compared NO2 measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE3m) with simulations from a coupled climate-chemistry model to characterize and quantify subpolar heterogeneous halogen chemistry. Results showed that heterogeneous chemistry significantly influences the chemical composition of the subpolar lower stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere spring, highlighting the importance of analyzing distribution functions in understanding chemical processes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yu Wang, Marcello Brigante, Gilles Mailhot, David Talaga, Yanlin Wu, Wenbo Dong, Sophie Sobanska
Summary: This study investigated the photo reactivity of Ferric oxalate (Fe(III)-Ox) complex in atmospheric particles using Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the concentration of photoproduct Fe(II)-Ox was higher at the surface and inside of the droplets compared to bulk solution. Despite hindering the Fenton intermediate reaction, FeCO3, the photolysis rate of Fe(III)-Ox in droplets was significantly faster than in bulk solution. The mechanism and kinetics of Fe(III)-Ox photolysis varied between the aqueous/gas interface, inside of droplets, and bulk solution, leading to an underestimation of oxide species production from atmospheric Fe(III)-Ox droplets.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rui Wang, Mingjie Wen, Xu Chen, Ruxue Mu, Zhaopeng Zeng, Guang Chai, Makroni Lily, Zhiyin Wang, Tianlei Zhang
Summary: The study revealed that small sulfuric acid clusters can effectively lower the energy barrier and enhance the product bonding in the hydrolysis of CH2OO. Among the catalysts studied, H2SO4-assisted reaction was found to be the most favorable.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
S. Archer-Nicholls, N. L. Abraham, Y. M. Shin, J. Weber, M. R. Russo, D. Lowe, S. R. Utembe, F. M. O'Connor, B. Kerridge, B. Latter, R. Siddans, M. Jenkin, O. Wild, A. T. Archibald
Summary: The new CRI-Strat mechanism is more complex than the existing StratTrop mechanism but only 75% more computationally expensive. It affects ozone production and loss differently compared to StratTrop and also impacts the generation of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
K. S. Olsen, A. A. Fedorova, A. Trokhimovskiy, F. Montmessin, F. Lefevre, O. Korablev, L. Baggio, F. Forget, E. Millour, A. Bierjon, J. Alday, C. F. Wilson, P. G. J. Irwin, D. A. Belyaev, A. Patrakeev, A. Shakun
Summary: The ozone abundance in the atmosphere of Mars varies significantly with season and latitude, influenced by water vapor abundance, temperature, and photodissociation chemistry rates.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Robert Deas, Taniela Lolohea, Andrew Chan, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Geoff Henshaw, Duncan J. McGillivray, David E. Williams
Summary: This study successfully combined colloidal sol chemistry with jet control technology to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres with high surface area and porosity. By injecting colloidal tungstic acid aerosols into a plasma jet system, spherical structures were formed with the colloid trapped within a plasma-polymerized organic shell. Subsequent low-temperature sintering produced hierarchical spherical shell-like structures composed of tungsten oxide nanosheets. Alteration of gas flow rate allowed for control of the deposited material's composition. This method shows promise for preparing porous materials with controlled morphology and composition, as well as hierarchical microstructures required for applications in electrochemical devices and sensors.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nicolas Brun, Juan Miguel Gonzalez-Sanchez, Carine Demelas, Clement Jean-Louis, Anne Monod
Summary: Among the highly oxygenated species formed in situ in the atmosphere, alpha-dicarbonyl compounds are reactive and contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols. They are present in the atmosphere and easily transferred to the aqueous phase. This study develops an analytical method using high performance ion chromatography to monitor the consumption of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds during atmospheric reactions in fog and cloud water.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Qi Tang, Michael J. Prather, Juno Hsu, Daniel J. Ruiz, Philip J. Cameron-Smith, Shaocheng Xie, Jean-Christophe Golaz
Summary: The new ozone chemistry module O3v2 implemented in E3SMv1 improves simulation performance in terms of stratospheric column ozone, although not as good as the UCI CTM. It enables a more accurate representation of ozone in the lowermost stratosphere and provides key diagnostics for stratosphere-troposphere exchange flux.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William Bains, Janusz J. Petkowski, Paul B. Rimmer, Sara Seager
Summary: The atmosphere of Venus, particularly the chemistry within its cloud layers, presents many mysteries such as the presence of O-2, unknown compositions of large particles, and unusual abundance profiles of SO2 and H2O. This study proposes a hypothesis involving the presence of ammonia (NH3) which could explain these anomalies and suggest that Venus' clouds may be more habitable than previously thought. The hypothesis is based on existing observations and can be tested by future in situ measurements on Venus.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zosia Staniaszek, Paul T. Griffiths, Gerd A. Folberth, Fiona M. O'Connor, N. Luke Abraham, Alexander T. Archibald
Summary: Mitigation of methane emissions is crucial for achieving the goals of the Paris climate agreement. This study uses a new version of the UK Earth System Model to simulate a zero anthropogenic methane emissions scenario and finds profound impacts on atmospheric composition and climate. The study highlights the maximum potential of methane emissions reductions and their positive air quality benefits, but also emphasizes the need for action on carbon dioxide emissions.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaokang Wu, Yan Feng, Cenlin He, Rajesh Kumar, Cui Ge, David Painemal, Yangyang Xu
Summary: The study aims to improve the representation of aerosols in climate-chemistry models, specifically in the carbon bond mechanism, version Z (CBMZ), and modal aerosol modules with three lognormal modes (MAM3) in the WRF-CAM5 model. By incorporating biomass burning emissions, establishing a conversion mechanism between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secondary organic carbons (SOCs), and evaluating its performance against observational benchmarks, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of enhanced chemistry capabilities in the WRF-CAM5 model. The findings reveal a significant reduction in root-mean-square errors (RMSE) for surface concentrations of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC).
Review
Instruments & Instrumentation
Elena Gomez Alvarez, Nicola Carslaw, Sebastien Dusanter, Pete Edwards, Viktor Gabor Mihucz, Dwayne Heard, Joerg Kleffmann, Sascha Nehr, Coralie Schoemacker, Dean Venables
Summary: This paper reviews measurement techniques for radicals and their precursors in indoor air and provides considerations and pointers for indoor measurements. Recent advances in instrumental analysis and modeling studies have shown the need for a wider range of measurements for radical species and their precursors in indoor air, as well as techniques for determining actinic flux.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kevin M. Douglas, Daniel Lucas, Catherine Walsh, Niclas A. West, Mark A. Blitz, Dwayne E. Heard
Summary: The first experimental study of the low-temperature kinetics of the gas-phase reaction between NH2 and formaldehyde was performed, revealing that this reaction is not an important source of formamide in interstellar environments.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Callum Robinson, Lavinia Onel, James Newman, Rachel Lade, Kendrew Au, Leonid Sheps, Dwayne E. Heard, Paul W. Seakins, Mark A. Blitz, Daniel Stone
Summary: The kinetics of the decomposition of the stabilized Criegee intermediate syn-CH3CHOO was investigated, and it was found that the reaction has a strong tunneling component under atmospheric conditions. Simulations were also conducted for the unimolecular isomerization of the stabilized Criegee intermediate antiCH(3)CHOO.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lavinia Onel, Alexander Brennan, Freja F. Osterstrom, Ellie Cooke, Lisa Whalley, Paul W. Seakins, Dwayne E. Heard
Summary: The fluorescence assay by gas expansion (FAGE) method was used to measure the methyl peroxy radical (CH3O2) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to determine the products of the self-reaction. The study found that previous studies using flash photolysis and UV absorption spectroscopy overestimated the rate coefficient values.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peter J. H. Williams, Graham A. Boustead, Dwayne E. Heard, Paul W. Seakins, Andrew R. Rickard, Victor Chechik
Summary: The new method for trapping short-lived radicals utilizes a homolytic substitution reaction S(H)2', resulting in high sensitivity, detailed structural information, and general applicability. By using radical traps in the form of terminal alkenes with a nitroxide leaving group, stable products are generated for subsequent analysis, offering new mechanistic insights into a range of model radical reactions. Gas-phase radicals can also be detected at concentrations relevant to atmospheric chemistry.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kevin M. Douglas, Daniel Lucas, Catherine Walsh, Mark A. Blitz, Dwayne E. Heard
Summary: The first experimental study of the low-temperature kinetics of the gas-phase reaction between NH2 and NO has been done using a pulsed laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence technique. The study found that the reaction rate coefficient exhibits a negative temperature dependence and reaches 3.5 x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 26 K. Theoretical calculations suggest that at these low temperatures, only one product channel producing N-2 + H2O is significant.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kevin M. Douglas, Lok Hin Desmond Li, Catherine Walsh, Julia H. Lehman, Mark A. Blitz, Dwayne E. Heard
Summary: The first experimental study on the low-temperature kinetics of the gas-phase reaction between NH2 and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) was conducted. Laser-flash photolysis and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy techniques were used to create and monitor the temporal decay of NH2 in the presence of CH3CHO. The results showed a negative temperature dependence and a positive pressure dependence of the reaction rate. Additionally, the yield of CH3CO from the reaction was determined at specific temperatures, providing valuable data for astrochemical models.
FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Niclas A. West, Lok Hin Desmond Li, Tom J. Millar, Marie Van de Sande, Edward Rutter, Mark A. Blitz, Julia H. Lehman, Leen Decin, Dwayne E. Heard
Summary: Rate coefficients for the reaction of CN with CH2O were measured below room temperature and exhibited a negative temperature dependence. The reaction proceeds through the formation of a weakly-bound van der Waals complex, followed by two transition states leading to the products HCN + HCO or HNC + HCO. MESMER simulations of the rate coefficients were in good agreement with experimental data and were used to recommend modified Arrhenius expressions for astrochemical modeling.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matilda A. Pimlott, Richard J. Pope, Brian J. Kerridge, Barry G. Latter, Diane S. Knappett, Dwayne E. Heard, Lucy J. Ventress, Richard Siddans, Wuhu Feng, Martyn P. Chipperfield
Summary: This study presents a novel approach to indirectly derive global information on the hydroxyl radical (OH) using satellite observations and a steady-state approximation. The results show that a simplified steady-state approximation can accurately represent OH concentrations, as validated by satellite and aircraft measurements. The study also reveals the global inter-annual variability of OH and identifies ozone and carbon monoxide as the key drivers of this variability.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hannah Walker, Daniel Stone, Trevor Ingham, Sina Hackenberg, Danny Cryer, Shalini Punjabi, Katie Read, James Lee, Lisa Whalley, Dominick Spracklen, Lucy J. Carpenter, Steve R. Arnold, Dwayne E. Heard
Summary: In this study, field measurements of glyoxal at a tropical marine boundary layer site were conducted. The observations were compared to a box model and it was found that there were discrepancies between the observed and modeled glyoxal levels. The dominant sources of glyoxal were determined to be the reactions of OH with glycolaldehyde and acetylene. The model had limited sensitivity to changes in deposition rates of model intermediates and aerosol uptake of glyoxal.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
William J. Bloss, Louisa Kramer, Leigh R. Crilley, Tuan Vu, Roy M. Harrison, Zongbo Shi, James D. Lee, Freya A. Squires, Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, Dwayne E. Heard, Shengrui Tong, Siqi Hou, Yele Sun, Jingsha Xu, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu
Summary: Urban wintertime air pollution in many large cities is characterized by haze episodes, which are associated with increased particulate matter concentrations and elevated relative humidity. Atmospheric chemistry plays a role in the growth of sulphate aerosols within haze. Observations of reactive gas phase species and time-resolved aerosol composition help to understand the mechanisms responsible for sulphate growth during haze events.
FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Archit Mehra, Manjula Canagaratna, Thomas J. Bannan, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Michael Priestley, Dantong Liu, Jian Zhao, Weiqi Xu, Yele Sun, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Freya A. Squires, James Lee, Daniel J. Bryant, James R. Hopkins, Atallah Elzein, Sri Hapsari Budisulistiorini, Xi Cheng, Qi Chen, Yuwei Wang, Lin Wang, Harald Stark, Jordan E. Krechmer, James Brean, Eloise Slater, Lisa Whalley, Dwayne Heard, Bin Ouyang, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Xinming Wang, Pingqing Fu, John Jayne, Douglas Worsnop, James Allan, Carl Percival, Hugh Coe
Summary: In the APHH-Beijing project conducted in Beijing, research was carried out on the composition and oxidation processes of organic aerosols, identifying eight factors with distinct temporal variability, highlighting episodic differences in organic aerosol composition attributed to regional influences and in situ formation.
FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Claire E. Reeves, Graham P. Mills, Lisa K. Whalley, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Leigh R. Crilley, Sue Grimmond, Dwayne E. Heard, C. Nicholas Hewitt, James R. Hopkins, Simone Kotthaus, Louisa J. Kramer, Roderic L. Jones, James D. Lee, Yanhui Liu, Bin Ouyang, Eloise Slater, Freya Squires, Xinming Wang, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye
Summary: Isoprene is a key biogenic volatile organic compound in the atmosphere, and its impact on ozone depends on the oxidation process. The study in Beijing showed the specific isoprene nitrates identified and quantified during the campaign, providing insights into the isomeric distribution and formation of propanone nitrate. Further research is needed to understand the role of NO in the formation of isoprene nitrates and their degradation chemistry.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Joanna E. Dyson, Graham A. Boustead, Lauren T. Fleming, Mark Blitz, Daniel Stone, Stephen R. Arnold, Lisa K. Whalley, Dwayne E. Heard
Summary: The production rate of HONO from illuminated TiO2 aerosols in the presence of NO2 was measured, with a peak observed at around 51 ppb NO2 and 25% relative humidity. The study suggests that particulate nitrate photolysis may have a significant impact on the production of HONO in marine boundary layer environments where mixed aerosols containing nitrate and a photocatalytic species such as TiO2 are present.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mike J. Newland, Daniel J. Bryant, Rachel E. Dunmore, Thomas J. Bannan, W. Joe F. Acton, Ben Langford, James R. Hopkins, Freya A. Squires, William Dixon, William S. Drysdale, Peter D. Ivatt, Mathew J. Evans, Peter M. Edwards, Lisa K. Whalley, Dwayne E. Heard, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, Archit Mehra, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, C. Nicholas Hewitt, James D. Lee, Tianqu Cui, Jason D. Surratt, Xinming Wang, Alastair C. Lewis, Andrew R. Rickard, Jacqueline F. Hamilton
Summary: Despite being in a megacity, observations in central Beijing show formation of oxidation products similar to rainforest atmospheric pathways in the afternoon due to extreme suppression of NO concentrations, challenging the traditional high-NO and low-NO separation. Models fail to accurately predict the extreme diurnal cycle in NO concentration, highlighting the need for accurate representation in urban air quality policy development to reduce air pollution.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
