Article
Microbiology
Bei Yao, Xiaoyi Zeng, Lu Pang, Xiangshi Kong, Kai Tian, Yanli Ji, Shucun Sun, Xingjun Tian
Summary: Solar radiation plays a crucial role in the decomposition of litter in arid and semiarid ecosystems. However, the specific chemical changes in organic carbon triggered by solar radiation and water pulses have not been well understood. In this study, we investigated the chemical components of marcescent Lindera glauca leaf litter exposed to different types of radiation and water pulses. We found that UV radiation primarily affected the degradation of lignin methoxyl carbon, while PAR and UV radiation combined with water pulses had a significant impact on cellulose oxidation and leaching. The ratio of aromatic carbon to O-alkyl carbon was a robust indicator of mass loss, while the hydrophobicity, carbohydrate to methoxyl carbon ratio, and alkyl carbon to O-alkyl carbon ratio were influenced by water pulses. Additionally, the interaction between radiation and water pulses promoted the activities of peroxidase and phenol oxidase, which are involved in lignin degradation. Our results suggest that the direct photodegradation of lignin methoxyl carbon can enhance microbial accessibility to lignin aromatic carbon and that photo-oxidized compounds may contribute to the stability of the soil carbon pool derived from plant litter.
Article
Agronomy
Francois Maillard, Valentin Leduc, Chloe Viotti, Allison L. L. Gill, Emmanuelle Morin, Arnaud Reichard, Isabelle Ziegler-Devin, Bernhard Zeller, Marc Buee
Summary: In temperate forests, fungi play a crucial role in the decomposition of leaf litter. However, their influence on the chemical changes in leaf litter remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the main factors driving leaf litter chemical transformation during decomposition by conducting a long-term transplantation experiment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peter G. Kennedy, Francois Maillard
Summary: Dead microbial cells, known as necromass, are important sources of carbon and nutrients in soils. Recent studies have focused on the microbial communities associated with decomposing fungal necromass in different terrestrial ecosystems. This article highlights the ecological patterns and research frontiers of the fungal necrobiome, and suggests that combining laboratory assays with field-based surveys and experiments will enhance our understanding of its composition and role in soil biogeochemical cycling.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Cece Qiao, C. Ryan Penton, Chao Liu, Chengyuan Tao, Xuhui Deng, Yannan Ou, Hongjun Liu, Rong Li
Summary: It has been found that the functional composition of microbial communities is closely linked to local environmental factors, rather than taxonomic composition. The initial C/N ratio of composting material was analyzed to reveal the succession of fungal community diversity, showing a high occurrence of wood saprotrophs with a gradual decline of plant and animal pathogens during composting. Specific OTUs exhibited competitive and facilitative interactions with each other, impacting the overall pattern variations of fungal community in high-efficiency composting.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
William A. Argiroff, Donald R. Zak, Rima A. Upchurch, Peter T. Pellitier, Julia P. Belke
Summary: Understanding the genetic differences among soil microorganisms and their regulation of spatial patterns in litter decay is a persistent challenge in ecology. Fine root decay, which accounts for around 50% of total litter production in forest ecosystems, remains less understood compared to aboveground litter decay. In this study, the researchers evaluated whether fine root decay is influenced by the genetic potential of the fungal communities present. They also investigated whether the decay-fungal gene connections can be identified by categorizing the fungi into different functional groups based on the presence of genes encoding specific ligninolytic enzymes. The results suggested that fine root decay is influenced by the genetic potential of the fungal communities, particularly in relation to cellulose and hemicellulose decay. The study also found that the genetic potential for decay varied between different fungal functional groups, with ligninolytic saprotrophic fungi having the highest potential and ectomycorrhizal fungi with ligninolytic peroxidases having the lowest potential for plant cell wall degradation. The findings highlight the importance of fungal community composition and genetic variation in controlling fine root decay in temperate forests at regional scales.
Article
Agronomy
Han Jiang, Yinghui Yang, Jiawen Liang, Meiqi Lv, Xingjun Tian
Summary: This study investigated the standing decomposition of dead leaves in a subtropical forest during winter, and conducted a decomposition experiment of pre-standing and post-standing litter in the soil during the following summer. The results showed that after 159 days of standing decomposition, up to 43% of leaf mass was lost, with lignin and cellulose degradation of 30% and 35%, respectively. After 163 days of decomposition in the soil, the mass losses of pre-standing and post-standing litter were 31% and 52%, respectively, with the decomposition rate of post-standing litter being twice that of pre-standing litter. The standing decomposition process is mainly influenced by photodegradation, resulting in carbon loss and accelerated litter decomposition in the soil, profoundly impacting the carbon process of subtropical forest ecosystems.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Christopher L. Allison, Alex Moskaluk, Sue VandeWoude, Melissa M. Reynolds
Summary: This study developed degradation and detection methods to produce and detect D-glucosamine from Aspergillus niger, offering potential for diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. The results showed that GlcN was successfully produced from fungal-derived chitin, providing a promising approach for broad screening methods in fungal detection.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Junqin Li, Tao Zhang, Bo Meng, Jennifer A. Rudgers, Nan Cui, Tianhang Zhao, Hua Chai, Xuechen Yang, Marcelo Sternberg, Wei Sun
Summary: Soil fungal hyphae play a crucial role in the decomposition of plant litter under drought conditions in temperate grassland ecosystems. They accelerate litter decomposition and promote the release of carbon and nitrogen, facilitating carbon and nitrogen cycling.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Arindam Sinharoy, Piet N. L. Lens
Summary: The study investigated the performance of Aspergillus niger pellets in removing selenite and tellurite from wastewater, demonstrating that brewer's spent grain hydrolysate is a low-cost carbon source suitable for this purpose.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ashley D. Keiser, Robert Warren, Timothy Filley, Mark A. Bradford
Summary: Photodegradation contributes to similar leaf litter mass loss rates in mesic environments and drylands, despite water limitations in the latter. Our study in the Southern Appalachian Mountains showed that during the non-growing season, exposure to maximum solar radiation led to decreased proportions of oxidized lignin relative to other carbon compounds in leaf litter. This phenomenon was particularly strong on south-facing slopes with higher solar radiation levels.
Article
Soil Science
Yong Peng, Yun-jie Li, Si-yi Song, Yu-qin Chen, Guan-tao Chen, Li-hua Tu
Summary: Litter decomposition is a crucial process for carbon and nutrient cycling in ecosystems, and it is influenced by nitrogen deposition. A five-year field experiment in a high nitrogen deposition area in China's West China Rain Zone revealed that nitrogen addition inhibited the late-stage mass loss and degradation rate of litter decomposition, particularly affecting cellulose and lignin degradation. Nitrogen addition also influenced the concentration and release of nutrients during decomposition, with significant acceleration of manganese release. The slowed decomposition in this forest is expected to reduce soil CO2 emissions and increase soil carbon content.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Bo Yi, Chaoqun Lu, Wenjuan Huang, Wenjuan Yu, Jihoon Yang, Adina Howe, Samantha R. Weintraub-Leff, Steven J. Hall
Summary: Confidence in model estimates of soil CO2 flux relies on assumptions about fundamental mechanisms controlling litter and soil organic carbon decomposition. We used data-model fusion with modified versions of the CN-SIM model and a 571-day laboratory incubation dataset to test competing mechanisms for lignin decomposition. Our findings indicate that the role of lignin and its decomposition can be accurately estimated by considering soil biogeochemical factors, substrate availability, soil pH, extractable Mn, and fungal community composition.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
Aomiao Wu, Rui Yin, Zhenfeng Xu, Li Zhang, Chengming You, Yang Liu, Han Li, Lixia Wang, Sining Liu, Yunqi Zhang, Yong Wang, Bo Tan
Summary: This study investigated the influence of forest gap size on litter decomposition in alpine forest ecosystems. The results showed that forest gaps decelerated the decomposition processes of twig litter, but the gap size did not affect the decomposition rate. Gap-induced changes in litter chemistry and microclimate also had significant effects on the degradation of twig litter.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Puhang Zhang, Jian Lin, Jiangtao Hao, Chaochan Li, Wenxuan Quan
Summary: The nutrient turnover of subtropical rhododendron forests is slow, making natural regeneration and litter decomposition difficult. Lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose are important factors affecting the decomposition rate of litters. This study investigated the dynamic changes and effects of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents in the litters of three different forests under controlled laboratory conditions. The addition of nitrogen and phosphorus can accelerate the degradation of litters and promote the decomposition process. This study provides fundamental data for artificial interventions in nutrient return in subtropical rhododendron forests.
Article
Soil Science
Tao Sun, Chunxiao Yu, Bjorn Berg, Zhanbo Wei, Lingli Wang, Xinyue Liu, Chen Feng, Zhijie Wu, Wei Bai, Lili Zhang
Summary: The addition of manganese was found to promote the later stage of litter decomposition, resulting in a smaller fraction of slowly decomposing litter, which is closely related to changes in the activity of manganese peroxidase. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate the interaction of manganese and decomposition into biogeochemical models.
APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Riccardo Motti, Giuliano Bonanomi, Adriano Stinca
NORDIC JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giuliano Bonanomi, Maurizio Zotti, Mohamed Idbella, Nice Di Silverio, Linda Carrino, Gaspare Cesarano, Abdulaziz M. Assaeed, Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mohamed Idbella, Mariano Iadaresta, Graziano Gagliarde, Alberto Mennella, Stefano Mazzoleni, Giuliano Bonanomi
Article
Microbiology
Giuliano Bonanomi, Daniela Alioto, Maria Minutolo, Roberta Marra, Gaspare Cesarano, Francesco Vinale
Article
Environmental Sciences
Giuliano Bonanomi, Giulia Maisto, Anna De Marco, Gaspare Cesarano, Maurizio Zotti, Pierluigi Mazzei, Giovanni Libralato, Alessia Staropoli, Antonietta Siciliano, Francesca De Filippis, Antonietta La Storia, Alessandro Piccolo, Francesco Vinale, Antonio Crasto, Marco Guida, Danilo Ercolini, Guido Incerti
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2020)
Article
Plant Sciences
Giuliano Bonanomi, Nicole Salvatori, Maurizio Zotti, Adriano Stinca, Riccardo Motti, Mohamed Idbella, Fabrizio Carteni, Stefano Mazzoleni, Francesco Giannino
Summary: The study found that the vegetation in different colored belts was related to the attack of the parasitic plant Cuscuta campestris, with no significant differences in soil chemistry among the three belts, supporting the important role of the parasitic plant in the formation of the pattern.
JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Giuliano Bonanomi, Giovanni Jesu, Maurizio Zotti, Mohamed Idbella, Giada D'Errico, Stefania Laudonia, Francesco Vinale, Ahmed Abd-ElGawad
Summary: The study found that different types of smoke-water have different chemical profiles, exert concentration-dependent effects on crops with phytotoxic activity at high concentrations and stimulatory effects when diluted, while displaying minimal fungitoxic activity. Additionally, smoke-water strongly inhibits egg hatching by root-knot nematodes and exhibits repellent effects towards olive fruit flies.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Lucia Barra, Pasquale Termolino, Riccardo Aiese Cigliano, Gaetana Cremona, Rosa Paparo, Carmine Lanzillo, Maria Federica Consiglio, Clara Conicella
Summary: The INTACT method was used to isolate cell-type-specific nuclei, capturing meiotic nuclei in Arabidopsis and generating a meiotic transcriptome. Analysis revealed that DNA demethylation is particularly relevant to meiosis onset. By comparing transcriptomes and conducting gene ontology enrichment analysis, a core set of over 1,500 genes related to meiosis was identified.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Carla Zannella, Rosa Giugliano, Annalisa Chianese, Carmine Buonocore, Giovanni Andrea Vitale, Giuseppina Sanna, Federica Sarno, Aldo Manzin, Angela Nebbioso, Pasquale Termolino, Lucia Altucci, Massimiliano Galdiero, Donatella de Pascale, Gianluigi Franci
Summary: The leaf extract of Vitis vinifera contains around 40 phenolic compounds, mainly quercetin derivatives. This extract is able to inhibit the replication of HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 viruses at a very low concentration of 10 μg/mL in the early stages of infection by directly blocking proteins enriched on the viral surface. These results show promise for the use of natural extracts in the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.
Article
Plant Sciences
Maria Luisa Chiusano, Guido Incerti, Chiara Colantuono, Pasquale Termolino, Emanuela Palomba, Francesco Monticolo, Giovanna Benvenuto, Alessandro Foscari, Alfonso Esposito, Lucia Marti, Giulia de Lorenzo, Isaac Vega-Munoz, Martin Heil, Fabrizio Carteni, Giuliano Bonanomi, Stefano Mazzoleni
Summary: Recent research has shown that extracellular DNA has inhibitory effects on the growth of conspecific individuals in plants, with cells being able to distinguish self from nonself DNA. Exposure to self-DNA limits cell permeability and affects chloroplast functioning, while exposure to nonself-DNA triggers a hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance. These findings suggest complex cascades of events in response to extracellular self- or nonself-DNA, which are discussed in the context of DAMP and PAMP responses.
Article
Plant Sciences
Riccardo Aiese Cigliano, Riccardo Aversano, Antonio Di Matteo, Samuela Palombieri, Pasquale Termolino, Claudia Angelini, Hamed Bostan, Maria Cammareri, Federica Maria Consiglio, Floriana Della Ragione, Rosa Paparo, Vladimir Totev Valkov, Antonella Vitiello, Domenico Carputo, Maria Luisa Chiusano, Maurizio D'Esposito, Silvana Grandillo, Maria Rosaria Matarazzo, Luigi Frusciante, Nunzio D'Agostino, Clara Conicella
Summary: In this study, we investigated the changes in the transcriptome and epigenome of a long shelf-life tomato landrace during post-harvest. We discovered global changes in the transcriptome and epigenome, with increased DNA methylation and loss of a repressive histone mark. Thousands of genes showed differential expression, with a significant portion potentially being regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Down-regulation of genes related to fruit ripening and softening was consistent with the prolonged shelf-life. Large-scale epigenome reprogramming during post-harvest likely contributes to delayed fruit senescence.
HORTICULTURE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Emanuela Palomba, Pasquale Chiaiese, Pasquale Termolino, Rosa Paparo, Edgardo Filippone, Stefano Mazzoleni, Maria Luisa Chiusano
Summary: The role of extracellular DNA (exDNA) in soil and aquatic environments was discussed in this study. It was found that self-exDNA has an inhibitory effect on the growth of microalgae, while nonself-exDNA does not. This is the first evidence provided for aquatic species.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Virginia Lanzotti, Laura Grauso, Alfonso Mangoni, Pasquale Termolino, Emanuela Palomba, Attilio Anzano, Guido Incerti, Stefano Mazzoleni
Summary: The plant roots exhibit clear recognition of self- and nonself-exDNA, with inhibition occurring only after exposure to self-exDNA. Metabolomics analysis reveals that self-exDNA significantly induces the accumulation of RNA constituents and leads to interesting changes in compounds.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ivan Moroz, Luiz G. B. Scapolio, Ivana Cesarino, Alcides L. Leao, Giuliano Bonanomi
Summary: Tobacco consumption leads to widespread littering of smoked cigarette butts, which pose serious threats to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Despite various technological approaches, the main bottleneck in effectively recycling CBs lies in appropriate and efficient collection logistics by consumers.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mohamed Idbella, Giuliano Bonanomi, Francesca De Filippis, Ghita Amor, Fatima Ezzahra Chouyia, Taoufiq Fechtali, Stefano Mazzoleni
Summary: Seed endophytes and AMF together influence plant behavior significantly, playing a crucial role in plant-soil feedback. Seed fungal endophytes generate conspecific negative feedback, while seed bacterial endophytes shift feedback from negative to positive. The simultaneous occurrence of seed endophytes and AMF may either generate or expand negative plant-soil feedback effects.
