Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ahsan Hameed, Edyta Adamska-Patruno, Joanna Godzien, Przemyslaw Czajkowski, Urszula Miksza, Karolina Pietrowska, Joanna Fiedorczuk, Monika Moroz, Witold Bauer, Julia Sieminska, Maria Gorska, Adam Jacek Kretowski, Michal Ciborowski
Summary: The study used metabolomics to investigate the mechanisms by which high-carbohydrate meals contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. It found that overweight/obese individuals had dysregulated metabolic pathways after consuming high-carbohydrate meals, while normal-weight individuals did not. Consumption of high-carbohydrate meals led to a significant increase in certain metabolites, particularly phospholipids and fatty acid amides, in overweight/obese individuals. The intake of cinnamon and capsicum normalized the concentration of these altered metabolites.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dan Liu, Qingyang Shi, Gaiping Cheng, Qiaorong Huang, Sheyu Li
Summary: This study aimed to describe the burden and epidemiological pattern of a diet high in red meat on the world. The findings showed that the disease burden of a diet high in red meat increased in most regions, especially in low-middle and middle socio-demographic index regions, with East Asia showing the most rapid increase. However, the age-standardized death and DALY rates decreased during the study period. The middle socio-demographic index regions had higher death and DALY rates compared to high socio-demographic index regions.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lifu Lei, Juan Huang, Longlong Zhang, Yuqin Hong, Suocheng Hui, Jian Yang
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis comparing the long-term effects of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and a low-fat diet (LFD) on metabolic risk factors and weight loss in overweight and obese adults. The results showed that LCD had greater improvements in triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, weight loss, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to LFD within 6-23 months. However, LFD was more conducive to reducing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol within the same time frame. There were no significant differences between the two diets after 24 months.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Patrick von Schaumburg, Fei He, Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas, Bruce R. Southey, C. M. Parsons, Maria R. C. de Godoy
Summary: The study found that dietary supplementation of white and red sorghum grains as carbohydrate sources was well-tolerated by cats and had no significant impact on the gastrointestinal health of felines.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wei Luo, Jin Zhang, Dan Xu, Yao Zhou, Zhen Qu, Qin Yang, Qiujv Lv
Summary: This meta-analysis found that low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese patients, especially those with T2DM. Low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets can lower blood glucose, weight, and lipid levels, improving overall cardiovascular health.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Philip J. Prins, Timothy D. Noakes, Alex Buga, Dominic P. D'Agostino, Jeff S. Volek, Jeffrey D. Buxton, Kara Heckman, Dalton W. Jones, Naomi E. Tobias, Holly M. Grose, Anna K. Jenkins, Kelli T. Jancay, Andrew P. Koutnik
Summary: Recent research challenges the notion that high carbohydrate, low fat (HCLF) diets are superior for athletic performance and highlights the potential health benefits of low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets. In this study, highly trained competitive middle-aged athletes followed either a HCLF or LCHF diet for 31 days and found that there were no significant differences in performance, body composition, or metabolic markers between the two groups. However, the LCHF diet resulted in higher rates of fat oxidation and improved glycemic control, especially in individuals at risk for diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anna C. Salvador, Danny Arends, William T. Barrington, Ahmed M. Elsaadi, Gudrun A. Brockmann, David W. Threadgill
Summary: Genetic mapping revealed QTLs on Chromosome 1, 5, and 7 associated with fat and lean mass gain, as well as a significant QTL on Chromosome 1 linked to serum HDL cholesterol concentration. Causal network analysis showed a connection between HDL cholesterol and fat mass gain with Fmgq1, while strong sex effects were identified at Fmgq2 and Lmgq1, influenced by diet.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nancy E. Murphy, Christopher T. Carrigan, Lee M. Margolis
Summary: The use of high-fat, ketogenic diets to support physical performance has gained popularity, but the impact of such diets on performance remains controversial. A systematic review of 17 studies found that while ketogenic diets may have varying effects on endurance and power/strength performance, overall they do not significantly improve or impair physical performance compared to mixed macronutrient diets. Various factors such as duration of diet consumption, training status, performance tests, and sex differences may contribute to the conflicting results observed in different studies.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lijun Ning, Haotian Zhang, Xiaoying Chen, Jia Zhen, Shen Chen, Junfeng Guang, Chao Xu, Yuanyou Li
Summary: A 12-week trial showed that tilapia has higher tolerance to a high lipid diet than a high carbohydrate diet. Continuous feeding of the high carbohydrate diet impaired tilapia's appetite, weight gain rate, and immune response. Tilapia's distribution of fat may be a risk-avoidance strategy in response to a continuous high lipid diet.
Review
Cell Biology
Lee M. Margolis, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Emily E. Howard
Summary: Ketogenic diets and ketone supplements result in different changes in substrate metabolism, with supplements having a stronger ketosis effect. Ketogenic diets increase fat oxidation and accumulate ketone bodies as fuel, while supplements rapidly increase ketone body concentrations and inhibit fatty acid mobilization during aerobic exercise.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Yohana Correa, Edson Santos, Juliana Oliveira, Gleidson Carvalho, Luis Pinto, Danillo Pereira, Dallyson Assis, Gabriel Cruz, Natalia Panosso, Alexandre Perazzo, Guilherme Leite, Paulo Azevedo, Anny Lima, Daniele Ferreira, Fagton Negrao, Anderson Zanine
Summary: The study aimed to determine the ideal roughage: concentrate ratio to improve carcass traits and meat quality in feedlot-finished Santa Ines lambs. Increasing the percentage of concentrate in the diet to 50% showed similar improvements in carcass traits, commercial cuts, and physicochemical properties of the meat as a diet with 88% concentrate, but with leaner meats.
Article
Fisheries
Yue Zhang, Zehong Wei, Mengxi Yang, Danni Liu, Mingzhu Pan, Chenglong Wu, Wenbing Zhang, Kangsen Mai
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the benefits of taurine against oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation induced by high carbohydrate diet in turbot. Results showed that appropriate taurine supplementation improved antioxidative status and reduced inflammation and ER stress. The optimal dietary taurine content was estimated to be 1.40% based on growth rate analysis. Taurine supplementation attenuated liver inflammation and modulated protein levels related to oxidative stress and inflammation processes induced by high carbohydrate diet.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Yanpeng Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Xu-Fang Liang, Shan He, Ling Li, Jing Xu, Jiao Li, Muhammad Shoaib Alam
Summary: The study compared and analyzed g6p homologous genes from different species, revealing the loss of g6pcb2 in Chinese perch's genome, with g6pca and g6pcb1 showing high expression levels in the liver. The group fed with 20% starch exhibited significant decreases in the mRNA levels of g6pca and g6pcb1, along with a significant increase in g6pca DNA methylation.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Yong Shi, Lei Zhong, Huan Zhong, Junzhi Zhang, Xiang Liu, Mo Peng, Guihong Fu, Yi Hu
Summary: The study found that high-carbohydrate diets had negative effects on Monopterus albus, but the addition of taurine improved growth performance, decreased lipid deposition, enhanced antioxidant ability, reduced liver damage, and regulated the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota. The optimum supplemental level of taurine was 0.5%.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Evans A. Asamane, Pamela A. Marinda, Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa, Hilary J. Powers
Summary: This study examined the nutritional and social contributions of meat in the diets of young adult men in urban and rural Zambia using quantitative and qualitative methods. Urban participants had higher macronutrient intakes compared to rural participants, with zinc intake significantly greater in urban areas. Regardless of location, higher education levels were associated with a weaker socio-cultural importance of meat consumption. Meat consumption was linked to prosperity, authority, and respect in society, with strong social and cultural beliefs surrounding its consumption. These findings can help shape dietary interventions that consider specific cultural beliefs and socio-economic factors in promoting healthy eating practices.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jing Pang, David R. Sullivan, David L. Hare, David M. Colquhoun, Timothy R. Bates, Jacqueline D. M. Ryan, Warrick Bishop, John R. Burnett, Damon A. Bell, Leon A. Simons, Sam Mirzaee, Karam M. Kostner, Paul J. Nestel, Andrew M. Wilson, Richard C. O'Brien, Edward D. Janus, Peter M. Clifton, Justin J. Ardill, Dick C. Chan, Frank van Bockxmeer, Gerald F. Watts
Summary: Analysis of the FH Australasia Network registry revealed that patients are typically identified later in life, have a high burden of coronary artery disease, and do not achieve guideline-recommended LDL-cholesterol targets. Genetic and cascade testing are under-utilised, highlighting the need for improved care strategies as a public health priority.
HEART LUNG AND CIRCULATION
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Tahlia R. Meola, Ahmad Y. Abuhelwa, Paul Joyce, Peter Clifton, Clive A. Prestidge
Summary: The study demonstrated that SLH formulations significantly enhanced the bioavailability of SIM, particularly SIMA, compared to a commercial formulation. SLH formulations have the potential for dose reduction and improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.
DRUG DELIVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Peter M. Clifton, Jennifer B. Keogh
Summary: The chronic consumption of moderate doses of fructose in solid foods had effects on triglycerides, glucose, and uric acid levels. The increase in fasting TAG levels in participants with IFG/IGT suggests caution for those at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Other lipid profiles and glucose levels did not significantly differ between fructose and sucrose consumption over a 1-month period.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kristy L. Gray, Peter M. Clifton, Jennifer B. Keogh
Summary: This study found that intermittent energy restriction (IER) produces comparable weight loss to continuous energy restriction (CER) over 12 months in overweight women with previous gestational diabetes. However, the high dropout rate in the study is a limitation in interpreting these results, and larger studies are needed to confirm the noninferiority of IER compared to CER.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jane S. Whitbread, Karen J. Murphy, Peter M. Clifton, Jennifer B. Keogh
Summary: The study compared the iodine excretion and intake in women consuming vegan/plant-based diets with those consuming omnivore diets. The results revealed that both groups of women had inadequate iodine intake, below the minimum WHO recommendation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Caitriona Murphy, Jennifer Byrne, Jennifer B. Keogh, Michelle L. Headland, Peter M. Clifton
Summary: This study investigated the acute effect of magnesium supplementation on endothelial function, suggesting that magnesium may attenuate the reduction in flow-mediated dilatation post-prandially.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella L. Bracci, Jennifer B. Keogh, Rachel Milte, Karen J. Murphy
Summary: Popular weight loss diets in Australia do not align with government recommended healthy eating principles, showing low intakes of essential nutrients, distorted macronutrient distribution, and potential long-term inadequacies in meeting nutritional needs.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jennifer Byrne, Caitriona Murphy, Jennifer B. Keogh, Peter M. Clifton
Summary: Evidence suggests that there is a connection between low magnesium intake and coronary heart disease, as well as magnesium intake and endothelial function. However, the study found that one week of magnesium supplementation did not improve endothelial function in a healthy population.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ella L. Bracci, Rachel Milte, Jennifer B. Keogh, Karen J. Murphy
Summary: The study assessed the costs of weight loss diets and found that some diets can be unaffordable and deviate from traditional nutrition composition. Healthy eating principles can also be perceived as unaffordable. The study also highlighted the questionable financial feasibility of long-term sustainment of weight loss diets for low-income individuals and those with a low socioeconomic status.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Deepti K. Sharma, Paul H. Anderson, Howard A. Morris, Peter M. Clifton
Summary: The study finds that intake of 1000 mg calcium from milk or calcium carbonate is effective in acutely suppressing bone resorption in postmenopausal women, regardless of visceral fat levels.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kristy L. Gray, Peter M. Clifton, Jennifer B. Keogh
Summary: The study found that intermittent energy restriction (IER) and continuous energy restriction (CER) have similar effects on weight loss after gestational diabetes, but long-term adherence remains difficult, with barriers to weight loss mainly related to behavioral regulation and environmental resources.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Welma Stonehouse, Bianca Benassi-Evans, Jana Bednarz, Andrew D. Vincent, Stephen Hall, Catherine L. Hill
Summary: This study showed that a commercially available krill oil supplement can improve knee pain, stiffness, and physical function in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. The supplement is safe to consume.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kristina S. Petersen, Jess Murphy, Jane Whitbread, Peter M. Clifton, Jennifer B. Keogh
Summary: This study found that consuming 35 g of peanuts prior to two main meals per day in the context of an energy-restricted diet can achieve weight loss comparable to a traditional low-fat weight loss diet and can significantly lower blood pressure.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella L. Bracci, Rachel Milte, Jennifer B. Keogh, Karen J. Murphy
Summary: There are numerous weight loss diets available, but none have been proven to be superior. This creates confusion and conflicting nutrition information for consumers. In terms of diet quality, healthy eating principles scored higher than popular weight loss diets, with low carbohydrate diets scoring lower. The ranking system could serve as a reference point for future diet comparisons.
