Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Samaneh Farsijani, Adam J. Santanasto, Iva Miljkovic, Robert M. Boudreau, Bret H. Goodpaster, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Anne B. Newman
Summary: The study found that the association between intermuscular fat area and impaired physical function is more significant in individuals with higher muscle area. This suggests that muscle mass plays a moderating role in the relationship between muscle fat deposition and physical performance.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
K. Toyoshima, S. Seino, Y. Tamura, J. Ishikawa, Y. Chiba, T. Ishizaki, Y. Fujiwara, S. Shinkai, A. Kitamura, A. Araki
Summary: This study aimed to develop and validate the concept of physical fitness age for the assessment of sarcopenia. The results showed that physical fitness age was a better scale for sarcopenia compared to chronological age. Additionally, factors associated with D-age included diabetes, obesity, depression, and malnutrition.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Su, Bumsoo Ahn, Peter C. D. Macpherson, Rojina Ranjit, Dennis R. Claflin, Holly Van Remmen, Susan Brooks
Summary: Restoring CuZnSOD specifically in neurons of mice deficient in SOD can prevent muscle atrophy and loss of force, and restore mitochondrial function, ROS generation, and calcium handling levels. This suggests that intact neuronal function and innervation are key to maintaining excitation-contraction coupling and muscle mitochondrial function.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
J. A. K. O. B. R. ALLEN, R. E. M. Z. I. SATIROGLU, B. R. A. N. D. O. N. FICO, H. I. R. O. F. U. M. I. TANAKA, E. M. R. E. VARDARLI, J. E. F. F. R. E. Y. J. LUCI, E. D. W. A. R. D. F. COYLE
Summary: The study shows that 8 weeks of maximal power cycling training effectively increases muscle mass, maximal power, cardiovascular capacity, and functional tasks in untrained 50- to 68-year-olds.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Kotomi Sakai, Enri Nakayama, Daisuke Yoneoka, Nobuo Sakata, Katsuya Iijima, Tomoki Tanaka, Kuniyoshi Hayashi, Kunihiro Sakuma, Eri Hoshino
Summary: Studies have found associations between oral function, dysphagia, frailty, and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. These associations may be related to decreased tongue pressure and a higher prevalence of dysphagia among frailty patients.
Article
Microbiology
Kwang H. Kim, Yusook Chung, Ji-Won Huh, Dong Jin Park, Yejin Cho, Yeseul Oh, Haengdueng Jeong, Jaekyung Yoon, Ju-Hee Kang, Hae-Sol Shin, Hyoung-Chin Kim, Soon-Kyeong Kwon, Kyoung Yul Seo, Seung Hyun Oh, Je Kyung Seong, Sang-Jun Ha, Ki Taek Nam, Jihyun F. Kim
Summary: Transplanting gut microbiota from young mice into aged ones led to increased muscle fiber thickness, grip strength, and enhanced skin water retention ability. The microbial transfer also correlated with improved gene expression and fitness in the host, highlighting the potential rejuvenating effects of young-derived gut microbiota on aging.
Review
Cell Biology
Malcolm J. Jackson, Natalie Pollock, Caroline Staunton, Samantha Jones, Anne McArdle
Summary: Research has shown that reactive oxygen species are generated in skeletal muscle during exercise and play important roles in muscle adaptations. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the redox signaling roles of these species in mediating muscle responses to contractile activity, with a focus on the effects of aging. Additionally, evidence is provided suggesting that disruption of muscle mitochondria's redox status due to age-associated denervation may contribute to a weakening of muscle responses to contractile activity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Hernandez-Alvarez, Juana Rosado-Perez, Graciela Gavia-Garcia, Taide Laurita Arista-Ugalde, Itzen Aguiniga-Sanchez, Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio, Victor Manuel Mendoza-Nunez
Summary: Human aging is a complex process involving biochemical and molecular changes driven by hallmarks of aging such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and telomere shortening. Sarcopenia, a disease associated with hallmarks of aging, significantly affects functionality and quality of life. The relationship between telomere length, sarcopenia, and age-related mortality is not well-studied. Moderate physical exercise has been found to have positive effects on sarcopenia, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and protecting telomeric DNA. This review presents the current state of knowledge on the impact of physical exercise on telomeric maintenance and repair mechanisms in sarcopenia.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cong Wu, Katsuhiko Suzuki
Summary: Flavonoids may have a great potential to treat sarcopenia by improving skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Barbara Strasser, Vincent Grote, Walter Bily, Helena Nics, Patricia Riedl, Ines Jira, Michael J. Fischer
Summary: This prospective pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of short-term protein supplementation with protein-enriched foods and drinks on the hand-grip strength, nutritional status, and physical function of older patients at risk of malnutrition during a three-week inpatient orthopedic rehabilitation stay. The study found that protein supplementation did not result in a greater improvement in physical recovery outcomes but did increase dietary protein intake.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gislene R. Amirato, Juliana O. Borges, Daniella L. Marques, Juliana M. B. Santos, Carlos A. E. Santos, Marilia S. Andrade, Guilherme E. Furtado, Marcelo Rossi, Lais N. Luis, Raquel F. Zambonatto, Eliane B. da Silva, Sarah O. Poma, Mariana M. de Almeida, Renato L. Pelaquim, Laiane C. dos Santos-Oliveira, Vinicius L. Sousa Diniz, Maria E. P. Passos, Adriana C. Levada-Pires, Renata Gorjao, Marcelo P. Barros, Andre L. L. Bachi, Tania C. Pithon-Curi
Summary: The study found that elderly women in the non-physical exercise group had higher levels of D-fructosamine, insulin, and iron before Gln supplementation, and lower strength/power of knee muscles. Post-supplementation, the Gln subgroups showed improvements in antioxidant levels and muscle strength, while TBARs levels decreased in all groups.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuto Kiuchi, Takehiko Doi, Kota Tsutsumimoto, Sho Nakakubo, Satoshi Kurita, Kazuhei Nishimoto, Hyuma Makizako, Hiroyuki Shimada
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary diversity and sarcopenia in older Japanese adults. The results showed that poor dietary diversity was significantly associated with sarcopenia.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jun-Hyun Bae, Ji-won Seo, Dae Young Kim
Summary: This study developed and evaluated a deep-learning model for predicting the decline in physical fitness due to sarcopenia in individuals with potential sarcopenia. The model showed high accuracy and recall for predicting possible sarcopenia. The findings hold promise for enhancing sarcopenia prediction using deep learning.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
U. Hab, C. Herpich, B. Kochlik, D. Weber, T. Grune, K. Norman
Summary: The study found that a pro-inflammatory diet reflected by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is associated with higher systemic inflammation, slower gait speed, and lower muscle mass in old adults. Intervention studies are needed to examine whether anti-inflammatory dietary approaches can help to improve muscle mass and function and thus minimize the risk for sarcopenia in the long-term.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Taichi Fukunaga, Shuuichi Mori, Takuya Omura, Yoshihiro Noda, Yasunori Fujita, Ikuroh Ohsawa, Kazuhiro Shigemoto
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a major cause of sarcopenia, and its effects differ based on fiber type. Oxidative stress is associated with age-related muscle fiber atrophy, while specific mitochondrial changes may correlate with muscle quality rather than muscle mass.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stephen A. Foulis, Julie M. Hughes, Leila A. Walker, Katelyn I. Guerriere, Kathryn M. Taylor, Susan P. Proctor, Karl E. Friedl
Summary: The U.S. Army Basic Combat Training (BCT) aims to prepare new recruits to meet physical demands of soldiers. This study quantified changes in lean mass and body fat induced by BCT in a large sample of men and women, showing significant effects on body composition despite minimal changes in total body mass. Overall, the 10-week sex-integrated physical training program positively altered body composition profiles of young adults.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Barry A. Spiering, Inigo Mujika, Marilyn A. Sharp, Stephen A. Foulis
Summary: By reducing training frequency and volume, maintaining exercise intensity seems to be the key for preserving physical performance over time.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Barry A. Spiering, Kathryn M. Taylor, Bruce S. Cohen, Nathaniel Smith, David J. Zeppetelli, Vincent P. Pecorelli, P. Matthew Bartlett, Leila A. Walker, Peter N. Frykman, Stephen A. Foulis
Summary: The study found that performing the seated power throw from a chair significantly improved performance, and using the hex-bar for the strength deadlift significantly increased the maximal weight lifted. Different variants of the seated power throw and strength deadlift can influence the resulting score.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephen A. Foulis, J. M. Hughes, B. A. Spiering, L. A. Walker, K. Guerriere, K. M. Taylor, S. P. Proctor, K. E. Friedl
Summary: BMI is not accurate in distinguishing fat and lean components of body composition, and its relationship with body fat percentage can be altered during training. The BMI threshold for overweight should be updated to better evaluate health and performance outcomes.
BMJ MILITARY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bradley M. Ritland, Jacob A. Naylor, Alexxa F. Bessey, Tina M. Burke, Julie M. Hughes, Stephen A. Foulis, Walter J. Sowden, Janna Mantua
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between self-reported sleep and musculoskeletal injury in Rangers.
Article
Sport Sciences
Bruce S. S. Cohen, Jan E. E. Redmond, Caitlin C. C. Haven, Stephen A. A. Foulis, Maria C. C. Canino, Peter N. N. Frykman, Marilyn A. A. Sharp
Summary: This study examined the influence of occupational experience on the physiological and perceptual responses to physically demanding tasks. The findings suggest that increased familiarity with tasks through occupational experience could lead to improved skills and reduced physiological effort.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Jeffery S. Staab, Laura J. Lutz, Stephen A. Foulis, Erin Gaffney-Stomberg, Julie M. Hughes
Summary: Exercise can lead to both bone formation and bone resorption, and the temporal response of these processes after exercise is not well known. A study on military-relevant exercise found that there were transient increases in both bone formation and resorption within 4 hours after exercise, but these changes returned to pre-exercise levels within 24 hours.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Barry A. Spiering, Brian C. Clark, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Stephen A. Foulis, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: In this narrative review, researchers summarize the effects of strength training on strength gains and discuss the stimuli and mediators of strength gains, aiming to explore opportunities and methods for maximizing strength gains. By analyzing traditional heavy resistance exercise, researchers identify that strength gains are stimulated through a sequence of events, including maximal mental effort, neural activation of muscles, full range of motion, and potential muscular metabolic stress. They also present potential opportunities for increasing or maintaining strength when traditional heavy resistance exercise cannot be performed.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julie M. M. Hughes, Kathryn M. M. Taylor, Katelyn I. I. Guerriere, Nathaniel I. I. Smith, Jeffery S. S. Staab, Leila A. A. Walker, Janet E. E. Staab, Paul M. M. Bartlett, Barry A. A. Spiering, Vy T. T. Nguyen, Susan P. P. Proctor, Stephen A. A. Foulis, Mary L. L. Bouxsein, Kristin L. L. Popp
Summary: Basic combat training induces bone formation in the tibia, and this study aimed to determine the influence of sex and race on changes in bone microarchitecture during this training period. The results showed that both males and females, as well as individuals from different racial backgrounds, experienced increases in bone density and thickness following training. Females had greater increases in trabecular bone density and thickness, while white trainees had greater increases in trabecular thickness compared to black trainees.
Article
Physiology
Stephen A. Foulis, Karl E. Friedl, Barry A. Spiering, Leila A. Walker, Katelyn I. Guerriere, Vincent P. Pecorelli, David J. Zeppetelli, Marinaliz C. Reynoso, Kathryn M. Taylor, Julie M. Hughes
Summary: In 1981, the US military implemented body fat standards to improve physical readiness and prevent obesity. This study examined the accuracy of circumference-based equations in assessing changes in body fat percentage (BF%) during Army Basic Combat Training (BCT) in young adult recruits. The results showed that circumference measures underestimated BF% at the start of BCT in both genders. Additionally, circumference measures did not accurately detect changes in BF% during BCT in women and underestimated the changes in men.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Colleen Castellani, Theresa Faller, Katelyn Guerriere, Kristin Popp, Leila Walker, Stephen Foulis, Mary Bouxsein, Julie Hughes, Kathryn Taylor
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julie Hughes, Kathryn Taylor, Kristin Popp, Katelyn Guerriere, Vy Nguyen, Nathaniel Smith, Leila Walker, Barry Spiering, Stephen Foulis, Susan Proctor, Mary Bouxsein
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Kristin L. Popp, Kathryn M. Taylor, Katelyn I. Guerriere, Nathaniel I. Smith, Jeffery S. Staab, Leila A. Walker, Janet E. Staab, Susan P. Proctor, Stephen A. Foulis, L. Bouxsein, Julie M. Hughes
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Katelyn I. Guerriere, Julie M. Hughes, Soothesuk Kusumpa, Leila A. Walker, Mellisa D. Richardson, Kathryn M. Taylor, Susan P. Proctor, Stephen A. Foulis, Mary L. Bouxsein, Kristin L. Popp
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bradley M. Ritland, Julie M. Hughes, Kathryn M. Taylor, Katelyn Guerriere, Susan P. Proctor, Stephen A. Foulis, Kristin J. Heaton
Summary: The study found that Army BCT trainees had good sleep health characteristics upon entry, meeting recommended sleep durations and reporting good sleep quality. However, negative changes in sleep duration and quality were observed during basic combat training.