Smoking as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis

Smoking and two human leukocyte antigen genes interact to increase the risk for multiple sclerosis

(2011) Anna Karin Hedström et al.   BRAIN

Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis

(2011) Stephen Sawcer et al.   NATURE

Tobacco smoking, but not Swedish snuff use, increases the risk of multiple sclerosis

(2009) A. K. Hedstrom et al.   NEUROLOGY

Smoking increases peptidylarginine deiminase 2 enzyme expression in human lungs and increases citrullination in BAL cells

(2008) D Makrygiannakis et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Smoke exposure increases the risk for multiple sclerosis

(2008) P. Sundström et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Smoking worsens the prognosis in multiple sclerosis

(2008) P Sundström et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal