Article
Critical Care Medicine
Justin Maldonado, Jason H. Huang, Ed W. Childs, Binu Tharakan
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the United States, and it is important to examine its impact on medically underserved communities. This study reviewed the literature to explore racial/ethnic differences in TBI outcomes. The results revealed significant disparities in TBI outcomes among different racial/ethnic groups, with American Indian/Alaska Natives having the highest TBI-related death rate and Blacks/African Americans being more likely to incur TBI from violence. Future studies should investigate the potential influence of inflammation and oxidative stress on TBI outcomes within the context of racial/ethnic differences.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ali T. Alouani, Tarek Elfouly
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in serious long-term consequences, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, or disability. Mild TBI (mTBI) is the most common type, and early detection is crucial for successful treatment. While neuroimaging-based tests provide structural and functional mapping of the brain, they lack temporal resolution and may not detect mTBI. On the other hand, electroencephalogram (EEG) has good spatial and temporal resolution, but currently cannot confidently detect mTBI. This paper aims to review existing approaches and explain the shortcomings of EEG-based mTBI detection.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Teodor M. Svedung Wettervik, Anders Lewen, Per Enblad
Summary: Neurointensive care plays a crucial role in preventing secondary insults and reducing secondary brain injury. Traditional management focuses on avoiding high intracranial pressure and maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion pressure, but traumatic brain injury is highly heterogeneous. Introduction of multimodality monitoring has enhanced understanding of complex pathophysiology.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Yulan Zhang, Zhihai Huang, Honglin Xia, Jing Xiong, Xu Ma, Chengyi Liu
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health issue worldwide, and while guidelines typically recommend rest post-TBI, recent evidence suggests that exercise may enhance functional outcomes. Exercise has shown promise in improving cognitive recovery, mood disorders, and post-concussion syndrome in TBI patients, though challenges remain in clinical application and understanding the underlying mechanisms of exercise's benefits.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Todd J. Schwedt
Summary: Post-traumatic headache is a common and persistent symptom following mild traumatic brain injury, with onset typically within 7 days post-injury. Pathophysiological mechanisms of post-traumatic headache involve structural, functional, metabolic, and neuroinflammatory factors. Effective therapy options are currently lacking, with future research priorities including optimizing diagnostic criteria and understanding pathophysiology.
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Megan A. Lindberg, Elisabeth M. Moy Martin, Donald W. Marion
Summary: This article reviews the lessons learned from United States military conflicts, such as the Civil War, Iraq, and Afghanistan, and discusses how these lessons have shaped the current care for traumatic brain injury in the military. It also explores how these lessons have influenced congressional mandates and directives, and led to best practices in caring for soldiers.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
C. Batson, A. Gomez, A. S. Sainbhi, L. Froese, F. A. Zeiler
Summary: This review article summarizes the impact of age and biological sex on outcomes of moderate/severe TBI patients through high-frequency multi-modal monitoring. By reviewing a large body of literature, it discusses the relationship between various physiological parameters and patient age and sex, while also identifying current knowledge gaps in the field.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biology
Gustavo P. Carmo, Jeroen Grigioni, Fabio A. O. Fernandes, Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa
Summary: This article aims to provide readers with a concise description of the main contributions in the field of traumatic brain injuries and neurodegenerative outcomes for women, especially related to chronic traumatic encephalopathy. It also reviews the numerical models created to address these issues and discusses the use (or lack of use) of sex-specific validation experiments. The article highlights the importance of considering sex differences in both direct injuries and the conditions that precede and follow traumatic events.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Cyrus Ayubcha, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim, Andrew Newberg, Mateen Moghbel, Chaitanya Rojulpote, Thomas J. Werner, Abass Alavi
Summary: PET has been widely used in the study of traumatic brain injury (TBI) for decades, with recent focus on imaging biomarkers related to TBI and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). This review critically assesses the use of glycolysis, beta-amyloid, and tau protein radiotracers in the context of TBI, weighing their strengths and weaknesses. Despite the ongoing debate, PET remains a powerful modality in diagnosing TBI-related conditions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jakov Tiefenbach, Hugh H. H. Chan, Andre G. G. Machado, Kenneth B. B. Baker
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of the current scientific evidence on the use of invasive neurostimulation for the treatment of deficits associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study highlights the promising potential of neurostimulation in improving cognitive and motor functions, relieving symptoms and supporting emotional adjustment in TBI patients. However, the current literature is limited and further research is needed to identify optimal stimulation targets and paradigms, as well as to explore the impact of biological variables on treatment outcomes.
Article
Biophysics
Shristi Arya, Deepankar Bahuguna, Gopal Bajad, Soham Loharkar, Pawan Devangan, Dharmendra Kumar Khatri, Shashi Bala Singh, Jitender Madan
Summary: The complexity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) makes it challenging to develop effective therapies. The underlying mechanisms of TBI are not fully understood, but biomarkers have been identified. Drug delivery to the brain is hindered by the disrupted blood-brain barrier and poor targeting effects, but colloidal therapeutics show promise in improving drug availability. Therefore, it is important to study molecular targets and drug delivery strategies in TBI.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Julio J. Secades
Summary: Citicoline, a neuroprotective drug, has the potential to accelerate recovery of consciousness and improve the outcomes of patients with TBI. It could play a role in the management of TBI with its excellent safety profile.
Review
Neurosciences
Valeria Diaz-Pacheco, Javier Vargas-Medrano, Eric Tran, Meza Nicolas, Diamond Price, Richa Patel, Silvina Tonarelli, Bharathi S. Gadad
Summary: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common type of TBI, characterized by a lack of noticeable changes in neuroimaging studies. Accurate diagnosis of mTBI is crucial due to its potential to cause post-concussion syndrome and cognitive impairments. This review focuses on the role of biomarkers in diagnosing mTBI, including protein-based markers, genetic markers, imaging markers, neurophysiological markers, and clinical trials.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
William P. Flavin, Helia Hosseini, Jeffrey W. Ruberti, H. Pirouz Kavehpour, Christopher C. Giza, Mayumi L. Prins
Summary: This review summarizes the structure and functions of Tau protein, highlighting its associations with various diseases and conditions including diabetes, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, brain injury, aging, and drug use. It explores the role of Tau phosphorylation in disease progression and discusses the potential for therapeutic interventions to prevent or reverse tau-mediated neurodegeneration.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ranjit D. Singh, Jeroen T. J. M. van Dijck, Andrew I. R. Maas, Wilco C. Peul, Thomas A. van Essen
Summary: Investigating neurosurgical interventions for traumatic brain injury (TBI) involves complex challenges, including diverse patient populations, traditional eminence-based culture, limited research budgets, and life-threatening clinical settings. Statistical corrections, increased awareness of clinical equipoise, informed consent alternatives, instrumental variable analysis, and multidimensional outcome assessments are potential solutions.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
