Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Manman Qin, Yuqing Qian, Lu Huang, Chao Zhong, Mingdong Li, Jun Yu, Huanwen Chen
Summary: Extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) enables effective ionization of trace molecules in complex samples without sample pretreatment, providing high sensitivity, selectivity, and response speed. It also allows for advanced functionalization of high-energy molecular species. This article systematically reviews the effects of operating conditions on the analytical performance of EESI-MS for various pharmaceutical compounds and introduces its potential application in molecular functionalization for drug discovery.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Bin Hu, Zhong-Ping Yao
Summary: This article reviews the technical aspects and important applications of wooden-tip ESI-MS in various fields. Wooden-tip ESI-MS has shown significant achievements in the past 10 years and has the potential for further development and application.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Michael Goetze, Lukasz Polewski, Leila Bechtella, Kevin Pagel
Summary: This article introduces a 3D-printable nano-electrospray ionization (nano-ESI) source for Bruker instruments, which can be assembled by anyone with access to a 3D printer. The source can be fitted to any Bruker mass spectrometer with an ionBooster ESI source and only requires minor, reversible changes to the original Bruker hardware. The general utility of the source was demonstrated by recording high-resolution MS spectra of small molecules, intact proteins, as well as complex biological samples in negative and positive ion mode on two different Bruker instruments.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda Gisler, Kapil Dev Singh, Jiafa Zeng, Martin Osswald, Mo Awchi, Fabienne Decrue, Felix Schmidt, Noriane A. Sievi, Xing Chen, Jakob Usemann, Urs Frey, Malcolm Kohler, Xue Li, Pablo Sinues
Summary: Exhaled breath analysis provides valuable molecular-level information and has promising potential for precision medicine. However, the lack of validation in multicenter trials hinders the transition of breath tests into routine clinical practice. In this study, an interoperability framework was developed and applied, revealing a technical variability of approximately 20% and identifying a core signature of the human exhaled metabolome. The results showed high inter-subject variability for certain metabolic classes but relative stability in other regions, such as the TCA cycle. This framework and the overview of metabolic coverage will pave the way for future large-scale multicenter trials.
Article
Plant Sciences
Dung Le, Maarten Ameye, Marthe De Boevre, Sarah De Saeger, Kris Audenaert, Geert Haesaert
Summary: Fusarium basal rot (FBR) is a major issue for Allium producers globally, with F. oxysporum being the most prevalent species in Vietnam. Virulence of different isolates varies greatly, and there is evidence of specialization of isolates for host phenology. Mycotoxin analyses revealed the presence of beauvericin and fumonisin B-1 in onions infected by different Fusarium species.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nolitha Nkobole, Gerhard Prinsloo
Summary: The research investigated the chemical profile of cultivated and wild Amaranthus species through NMR and LC-MS analysis, finding differences in compounds such as maltose, sucrose, and amino acids between cultivated and wild samples. The presence of phytochemicals like rutin and amaranthussaponin I varied between species and cultivation states, potentially impacting the medicinal properties of Amaranth crops.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fengjian Chu, Gaosheng Zhao, Wangyu Li, Wei Wei, Weiwei Chen, Zihan Ma, Zhan Gao, Nazifi Sani Shuaibu, Jikui Luo, Bingwen Yu, Hongru Feng, Yuanjiang Pan, Xiaozhi Wang
Summary: A microwave plasma torch-based ion/molecular reactor (MPTIR) has been developed for creating and monitoring rapid oxidation reactions without the addition of external oxidants or catalysts. The oxidation products from the MPTIR match those of the long-term environmental oxidative process, and two unreported environmental compounds were identified in actual water samples using this device.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rafal Franski, Monika Beszterda-Buszczak
Summary: Villalva et al. evaluated the potential of yarrow extract as a treatment for H. pylori infection. They used the agar-well diffusion bioassay to test the extract's antimicrobial activity. The extract was fractionated into two fractions containing polar phenolic compounds and monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively. The phenolic compounds were identified using HPLC-ESIMS, but there were some disputed product ions.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiaoping Zhang, Xiang Ren, Yuan Zhong, Konstantin Chingin, Huanwen Chen
Summary: The study detected ketones in exhaled breath using mass spectrometry and developed a fast, sensitive, noninvasive method for ketone analysis. Results showed higher levels of acetone in the breath of smokers compared to non-smokers.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ibraam E. Mikhail, Masoomeh Tehranirokh, Andrew A. Gooley, Rosanne M. Guijt, Michael C. Breadmore
Summary: This review summarizes various sample clean-up and analyte enrichment strategies that can be directly coupled with ESI-MS and nano-ESI-MS for the analysis of biological fluids, including solid phase extraction, solid phase micro-extraction, slug flow micro-extraction/nano-extraction, and more.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wen Lei, Jun Hu, Hong-Yuan Chen, Jing-Juan Xu
Summary: In this study, a new method has been developed to accurately characterize the interaction between K+/Na+ and G-quadruplexes by using a nanoscale ion emitter, a low-flow drying gas, and a volatile salt. This method suppresses the non-specific cationic adduction to G-quadruplexes during the ionization process and allows for the direct measurement of binding states and binding constants between K+/Na+ and G-quadruplexes, even in the presence of non-volatile salts.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Lin Zhao, Xin Wei, Tao Zheng, Ya-Nan Gou, Jun Wang, Jian-Xin Deng, Mei-Jia Li
Summary: This study collected soybean seeds with serious symptoms of rotted pods from a farm in Hubei Province, China. Fusarium strains were isolated from the seeds and two Fusarium species were identified. The strains from the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex showed higher pathogenicity on soybean seeds, roots, and pods compared to the strains from the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex. F. proliferatum YZU 201408 was found to be the most pathogenic strain, causing disease severity of 72.2% to 90% in all tests.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Weixiang Li, Jianghui Sun, Yan Wang, Jinping Qiao, Lixin He, Jin Ouyang, Na Na
Summary: The TEMPO-electrocatalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation of tetrahydroquinoline, which is a green synthesis and hydrogen storage transformation, was investigated by coupling an electrocatalytic system with in situ extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Dynamic changes in important species and intermediates were monitored, leading to an updated understanding of AD.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wei Zhou, Janusz Pawliszyn
Summary: This paper presents a new coated blade spray design that improves the stability and reproducibility of mass spectrometry analysis in negative ionization mode. The design features a barrier at the far end of the electrospray ionization (ESI) tip and allows for fast screening and quantitative analysis of target analytes in complex matrices without the use of internal standards.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Lanaia Itala Louzeiro Maciel, Ricardo Alves Bernardo, Rafael Oliveira Martins, Almir Custodio Batista Jr, Joao Victor Ataide Oliveira, Andrea Rodrigues Chaves, Boniek Gontijo Vaz
Summary: The imaging of biological tissues using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques allows for the visualization of the distribution of various metabolites, drugs, lipids, and glycans in complex samples. MSI methods like DESI-MSI and MALDI-MSI provide high sensitivity and the ability to evaluate/visualize multiple analytes in a single sample, overcoming limitations of classical microscopy techniques. This review discusses the application of DESI-MSI and MALDI-MSI in evaluating exogenous and endogenous molecules in biological samples, providing technical insights and recent research findings.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ana K. Machado Wood, Vinay Panwar, Mike Grimwade-Mann, Tom Ashfield, Kim E. Hammond-Kosack, Kostya Kanyuka
Summary: Plants have developed intricate defense mechanisms called innate immunity to protect against pathogens, with vesicular trafficking playing a crucial role in plant-pathogen interactions. This study found that components of the vesicular trafficking system involved in immunity in Arabidopsis also play a role in the interaction between wheat and the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Javier Palma-Guerrero, Tania Chancellor, Jess Spong, Gail Canning, Jess Hammond, E. Vanessa McMillan, E. Kim Hammond-Kosack
Summary: Take-all disease, caused by the fungal root pathogen Gaeumannomyces tritici, is considered the most important root disease of wheat worldwide. Recent research has focused on identifying new sources of genetic resistance in wheat relatives and studying the role of the microbiome in disease development. Breakthroughs in molecular interactions between G. tritici and wheat, including genome and transcriptome analyses, will help in developing novel control strategies against take-all disease.
TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Christopher Stephens, Kim E. Hammond-Kosack, Kostya Kanyuka
Summary: WAKs, as a key gene family, play a major role in helping plants resist pathogen invasion. They act as immune receptors that recognize pathogens and also enhance innate immunity by modifying and strengthening the cell wall.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Michael C. U. Hammond-Kosack, Robert King, Kostya Kanyuka, Kim E. Hammond-Kosack
Summary: The study found that most gene promoters are highly conserved, with multiple haplotypes and some being identical to a reference variety. These data are valuable for gene function studies and wheat breeding.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amma L. Simon, John C. Caulfield, Kim E. Hammond-Kosack, Linda M. Field, Gudbjorg Aradottir
Summary: The study found that the ancestral wheat Triticum monococcum genotypes MDR045 and MDR049 showed resistance to aphids, potentially providing indirect resistance by attracting natural enemies, in addition to reducing aphid population growth. This resistance has strong potential for incorporation into commercial wheat varieties to reduce aphid populations and virus transmission in Integrated Pest Management strategies.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James William Allwood, Alex Williams, Henriette Uthe, Nicole M. van Dam, Luis A. J. Mur, Murray R. Grant, Pierre Petriacq
Summary: Climate change and a growing population pose challenges to environmentally sustainable nutritious food production. Enhancements in crop yield through breeding are decreasing, while agricultural intensification is hindered by pests, pathogens, and abiotic stress pressures. Metabolomics approaches have contributed to understanding plant stress responses, but face challenges due to the complex nature of metabolites and biological systems.
Article
Microbiology
Grit Walther, Anna Zimmermann, Johanna Theuersbacher, Kerstin Kaerger, Marie Von Lilienfeld-Toal, Mathias Roth, Daniel Kampik, Gerd Geerling, Oliver Kurzai
Summary: "Fungal eye infections can lead to vision loss and blindness. This study in Germany identified Fusarium as the most common genus causing eye infections, with some species showing resistance to traditional antifungal treatments. Proper species identification is crucial for effective treatment."
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew D. Yates, James Allen, Ridwan M. Amode, Andrey G. Azov, Matthieu Barba, Andres Becerra, Jyothish Bhai, Lahcen Campbell, Manuel Carbajo Martinez, Marc Chakiachvili, Kapeel Chougule, Mikkel Christensen, Bruno Contreras-Moreira, Alayne Cuzick, Luca Da Rin Fioretto, Paul Davis, Nishadi H. De Silva, Stavros Diamantakis, Sarah Dyer, Justin Elser, Carla Filippi, Astrid Gall, Dionysios Grigoriadis, Cristina Guijarro-Clarke, Parul Gupta, Kim E. Hammond-Kosack, Kevin L. Howe, Pankaj Jaiswal, Vinay Kaikala, Vivek Kumar, Sunita Kumari, Nick Langridge, Tuan Le, Manuel Luypaert, Gareth L. Maslen, Thomas Maurel, Benjamin Moore, Matthieu Muffato, Aleena Mushtaq, Guy Naamati, Sushma Naithani, Andrew Olson, Anne Parker, Michael Paulini, Helder Pedro, Emily Perry, Justin Preece, Mark Quinton-Tulloch, Faye Rodgers, Marc Rosello, Magali Ruffier, James Seager, Vasily Sitnik, Michal Szpak, John Tate, Marcela K. Tello-Ruiz, Stephen J. Trevanion, Martin Urban, Doreen Ware, Sharon Wei, Gary Williams, Andrea Winterbottom, Magdalena Zarowiecki, Robert D. Finn, Paul Flicek
Summary: Ensembl Genomes provides access to non-vertebrate genomes complementing the vertebrate resources developed by the Ensembl project, creating one of the most comprehensive genomic resources globally. They are focused on reducing genome redundancy and improving gene annotation, pangenome analysis, data dissemination speed, and support for the microbial research community.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin Urban, Alayne Cuzick, James Seager, Valerie Wood, Kim Rutherford, Shilpa Yagwakote Venkatesh, Jashobanta Sahu, S. Vijaylakshmi Iyer, Lokanath Khamari, Nishadi De Silva, Manuel Carbajo Martinez, Helder Pedro, Andrew D. Yates, Kim E. Hammond-Kosack
Summary: PHI-base is a database that manually curates experimentally verified pathogenicity, virulence and effector genes from fungal, bacterial and protist pathogens. The database contains a large amount of gene and host interaction data, making it valuable for comparative analysis and target discovery for intervention.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Donovan Garcia-Ceron, Rohan G. T. Lowe, James A. McKenna, Linda M. Brain, Charlotte S. Dawson, Bethany Clark, Oliver Berkowitz, Pierre Faou, James Whelan, Mark R. Bleackley, Marilyn A. Anderson
Summary: This study revealed that EVs from Fgr contain protein effectors crucial for fungal virulence, some of which lack predicted secretion signals. Transcriptomic analysis of corn plants infected by Fgr showed high expression of effector genes, indicating that Fgr EVs may serve as a mechanism for unconventional effector and virulence factor secretion. These findings expand our knowledge on fungal EVs in plant pathogenesis and may contribute to the discovery of new antifungals.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin Darino, Kostya Kanyuka, Kim E. Hammond-Kosack
Summary: The apoplast is the intercellular space that plays a crucial role in plant immunity, including pathogen recognition and immune response. It restricts pathogen infection through secretion of molecules, production of reactive oxygen species, and modulation of sugar pool, among other mechanisms.
ESSAYS IN BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Hongxin Chen, Robert King, Dan Smith, Carlos Bayon, Tom Ashfield, Stefano Torriani, Kostya Kanyuka, Kim Hammond-Kosack, Stephane Bieri, Jason Rudd
Summary: Studying genomic variation in rapidly evolving pathogens can identify genes that support their core biology, which are present, functional, and expressed in all strains. The wheat-pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici represents a rapidly evolving threat to global food security and was the subject of this study.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Nur Nasuha Hafidi, Jaclyn Swan, Pierre Faou, Rohan Lowe, Harinda Rajapaksha, Callum Cairns, Michael Stear, Travis Beddoe
Summary: Teladorsagia circumcincta is a major gastrointestinal parasite in the livestock industry in temperate regions worldwide, with its excretory-secretory molecules potentially playing critical roles in modulating host immune responses. Among these molecules, Tci-gal-1 protein interacts with host proteins to provide new insights into host-parasite interactions and potential control strategies.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2021)