SnTox5-Snn5: a novel Stagonospora nodorum effector-wheat gene interaction and its relationship with the SnToxA-Tsn1 and SnTox3-Snn3-B1 interactions

The Stagonospora nodorumwheat interaction involves multiple pathogen-produced necrotrophic effectors that interact directly or indirectly with specific host gene products to induce the disease Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB). Here, we used a tetraploid wheat mapping population to identify and characterize a sixth effectorhost gene interaction in the wheatS.?nodorum system. Initial characterization of the effector SnTox5 indicated that it is a proteinaceous necrotrophic effector that induces necrosis on host lines harbouring the Snn5 sensitivity gene, which was mapped to the long arm of wheat chromosome 4B. On the basis of ultrafiltration, SnTox5 is probably in the size range 1030?kDa. Analysis of SNB development in the mapping population indicated that the SnTox5Snn5 interaction explains 37%63% of the variation, demonstrating that this interaction plays a significant role in disease development. When the SnTox5Snn5 and SnToxATsn1 interactions occurred together, the level of SNB was increased significantly. Similar to several other interactions in this system, the SnTox5Snn5 interaction is light dependent, suggesting that multiple interactions may exploit the same pathways to cause disease.