Journal
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
Volume 62, Issue 22, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800777
Keywords
hypothalamus; liver; SOCS3; sugar sweetened beverages
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Funding
- Fundacio Privada Catalana de Nutricio i Lipids
- Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness [SAF2013-42982-R, SAF2017-82369-R]
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- FPI from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
- BECAL grant from the Government of Paraguay [BCAL04-327]
- FPU from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
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Scope Methods and Results The effect of chronic supplementation with simple-sugar solutions on leptin signaling in liver, hypothalamus, and visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) is studied, which is designed to mimic the temporal pattern of consumption by humans. Solutions of fructose or glucose are isocalorically supplemented (7 months) in female Sprague-Dawley rats consuming ad libitum rodent chow. After sacrifice, plasma and tissue samples (liver, hypothalamus, and vWAT) are collected. Zoometric parameters, plasma analytes, and the tissue expression and activity of markers of leptin signaling are determined by biochemical and molecular biological methods. The two sugars cause different types of adiposopathy. Both sugars induce increases in plasma nonesterified fatty acids, and leptin resistance in the liver and the hypothalamus. Only fructose-supplemented rats show hyperleptinemia, and increased body weight due to a hypertrophy of vWAT, with no signs of leptin-mediated lipolysis. Glucose-supplemented rats show no significant changes in these parameters but present elevated plasma adiponectin concentrations, lipolysis, and inflammatory markers in vWAT, indicating a shift to a nonexpandable adipose tissue phenotype. Conclusion Chronic consumption of fructose places a greater burden on metabolic homeostasis than equivalent consumption of glucose, inducing hyperleptinemia, generalized leptin resistance, and increased body weight due to expanded, hypertrophic vWAT.
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