Thermal-reductive transformations of carbon dioxide catalyzed by small molecules using earth-abundant elements

In the present review, we summarize the progress for thermal reductive transformations of CO2 catalyzed by small homogeneous catalysts using earth-abundant elements. Three main types of transformations categorized by the use of different reductants (hydrogen, hydrosilanes, and boranes), in which no C-C bond formation is involved, are surveyed.