Article
Plant Sciences
Yuliya Genievskaya, Alibek Zatybekov, Saule Abugalieva, Yerlan Turuspekov
Summary: In this study, a collection of 406 barley accessions were evaluated for powdery mildew resistance, and seven QTLs associated with resistance were identified. Haplotype analysis revealed three haplotypes associated with total resistance and one haplotype associated with high severity of the disease. These findings provide valuable information for resistance analysis, trait pyramiding, and marker-assisted selection in barley.
Article
Agronomy
Jerzy H. Czembor, Elzbieta Czembor
Summary: Out of 129 barley landraces from Turkey, 19 showed resistance to powdery mildew. One line (5583-1-4) exhibited resistance against all 19 isolates used. These new sources of highly effective powdery mildew resistance in barley landraces from Turkey could be successfully utilized in breeding programs.
Article
Agronomy
Antonin Dreiseitl
Summary: The aim of this study is to identify genes for powdery mildew resistance in spring barley varieties bred for human consumption. Fifteen resistance genes, including the nonspecific resistance gene Mlo, were found. The use of Mlo gene is recommended for barley varieties earmarked for human consumption.
Article
Agronomy
Paula Moolhuijzen, Cynthia Ge, Elzette Palmiero, Simon R. R. Ellwood
Summary: Gene expression analysis revealed that RBgh2 plays a role in cAMP/G-protein-coupled signalling and innate immunity in barley powdery mildew adult plant resistance. RBgh2 is a major effect adult plant resistance gene in barley powdery mildew, showing different underlying genetic factors compared to conventional resistance genes. The resistance mechanism of RBgh2 involves temporary genome-wide gene expression changes and constitutive changes, especially at the RBgh2 locus, inducing defence-related genes associated with innate immunity and pathogen recognition.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Judit Kolozsvarine Nagy, Ildiko Schwarczinger, Lorant Kiraly, Renata Bacso, Attila L. Adam, Andras Kunstler
Summary: This study investigates the effects of short- and long-term heat stress on barley resistance to powdery mildew infection, finding that heat stress negatively affects resistance and enhances susceptibility in barley cultivars.
Article
Plant Sciences
Cynthia Ge, Elzette Wentzel, Nola D'Souza, Kefei Chen, Richard P. Oliver, Simon R. Ellwood
Summary: Barley powdery mildew is a major disease that breeders have traditionally controlled using dominant, pathogen race-specific resistance genes. However, continuous selection pressure and pathogen mutation have led to the need for alternative solutions. Three novel major-effect adult plant resistance genes have been identified from landraces, offering opportunities for breeding programs to develop robust mildew resistance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samar M. Esmail, Diego Jarquin, Andreas Boerner, Ahmed Sallam
Summary: This study evaluated the NB and PM resistance of 122 diverse barley genotypes from 34 countries and found high genetic variation among the genotypes. No significant correlation was found between PM and NB resistance, but 21 genotypes immune to both diseases were identified. Furthermore, GWAS identified SNP markers associated with increased resistance to PM and NB.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Jerzy H. Czembor, Elzbieta Czembor
Summary: Barley, an important cereal crop worldwide, is susceptible to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. This study identified two barley landraces from Yemen with effective Mlo powdery mildew resistance, which can potentially be utilized in breeding programs.
Article
Plant Sciences
Susana T. Leitao, Francisco A. Mendes, Diego Rubiales, Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
Summary: In this study, the response of a Portuguese collection of common bean accessions to powdery mildew infection was evaluated, revealing the presence of different resistance mechanisms. A genome-wide association study identified disease severity-associated genetic variants and proposed candidate genes. This research provides valuable genetic resources for the development of molecular tools and precision breeding for powdery mildew resistance in common bean.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jingtao Nie, Qi Yuan, Wanlu Zhang, Junsong Pan
Summary: Researchers summarized the research advances in powdery mildew resistance in cucumbers, including exploration and identification of resistance genes, genetic analysis, quantitative trait locus mapping, map-based cloning, transcriptomics, mlo-mediated resistance, and mining of noncoding RNAs involved in resistance. However, the resistance mechanism of powdery mildew in cucumbers is still unclear, and many ambiguities need to be elucidated urgently.
HORTICULTURAL PLANT JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Yan Dong, Dengan Xu, Xiaowan Xu, Yan Ren, Fengmei Gao, Jie Song, Aolin Jia, Yuanfeng Hao, Zhonghu He, Xianchun Xia
Summary: In this study, a stable QTL for adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew was successfully mapped and candidate genes associated with the resistance locus were predicted. The findings provide high-throughput markers for improving powdery mildew resistance in wheat and pave the way for map-based cloning of the resistance gene.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Qiumin Chen, Guangchao Yu, Xiangyu Wang, Xiangnan Meng, Chunmao Lv
Summary: Powdery mildew resistance in cucumbers has been a challenging topic due to unclear inheritance patterns, but recent advances in understanding defense-related genes and signaling pathways have shed light on this issue. Cloning of PM resistance genes and verification of their functions in cucumbers have provided valuable insights for breeding resistant cucumber varieties. The novel discoveries in molecular mechanisms of PM resistance have laid a foundation for further research and breeding efforts.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Diego Rubiales, Ana Moral, Nicolas Rispail
Summary: This study clarifies the identity of the powdery mildew infecting sulla crop through morphological and ITS sequence analysis, suggesting that they belong to a distinct species.
Article
Agronomy
Dehui Zhao, Jianqi Zeng, Dan Liu, Yubing Tian, Shawai Rabiu Sani, Xiaowan Xu, Yuanfeng Hao, Zhonghu He, Chunping Wang, Li Yang, Jingdong Liu, Yong Zhang
Summary: In this study, a total of 262 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two wheat varieties were used to map powdery mildew resistance loci using a high-density SNP array. Three QTLs on chromosomes 2B, 5B, and 5D were identified, explaining 5.0%-37.0% of the phenotypic variances. The KASP markers linked to these QTLs were validated and can be used for marker-assisted breeding of powdery mildew resistance in wheat.
Article
Plant Sciences
Krishna Bhattarai, Sadikshya Sharma, Sujeet Verma, Natalia A. Peres, Shunyuan Xiao, David G. Clark, Zhanao Deng
Summary: Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii is a major problem in Gerbera production, but the genetics underlying resistance to this disease are largely unknown. This study constructed a genome-wide genetic linkage map and identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) and molecular markers for powdery mildew resistance in Gerbera. The availability of this map and the newly discovered QTL and markers will facilitate the improvement of Gerbera for resistance to powdery mildew.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Agronomy
Miriam Fernandez-Calleja, Ana M. Casas, Ernesto Igartua
Summary: This review summarizes the allelic series, effects, and interactions between genes and with the environment for the major flowering time genes in barley, providing insights for plant breeders to manipulate flowering time for improved phenological adaptation.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Helga Ochagavia, Tibor Kiss, Ildiko Karsai, Ana M. Casas, Ernesto Igartua
Summary: Climate change-induced rising temperatures affect cereal crop development. This study explored the developmental responses of barley to temperature increase and identified the interaction between flowering time, vernalization, and specific genes. The findings provide valuable information for breeding high-yielding cultivars adapted to future climatic conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Miriam Fernandez-Calleja, Francisco J. Ciudad, Ana M. Casas, Ernesto Igartua
Summary: This study investigates the vernalization sensitivity and phenotypic characteristics of barley in order to adapt to future climate change. The results show that the vernalization response in barley is mainly concentrated in the phase before stem elongation, and is influenced by multiple major genes. Additionally, the duration of the late reproductive phase is also affected by other genes.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Miriam Fernandez-Calleja, Christophe Boutin, Emmanuelle Dyrszka, Yann Manes, Jochen C. Reif, Yusheng Zhao, Nieves Aparicio, Francisco J. Ciudad, Ana M. Casas, Ernesto Igartua
Summary: This study investigates the potential of Spanish germplasm for creating hybrids suitable for southern Europe, an untapped region for hybrid barley. A total of 140 locally adapted, advanced breeding lines from a Spanish breeding program were examined to expand the germplasm options for hybrid barley development. Through field trials and genomic predictions, lines with high general combining ability were identified for potential two-way hybrid production. The presence of brittle mutations in hybrid combinations, discovered through field trials, underscored the need for further research on heterotic patterns and proper management of brittle genes to broaden the germplasm pool for hybrid barley breeding.
Article
Plant Sciences
Gianluca Bretani, Salar Shaaf, Alessandro Tondelli, Luigi Cattivelli, Stefano Delbono, Robbie Waugh, William Thomas, Joanne Russell, Hazel Bull, Ernesto Igartua, Ana M. M. Casas, Pilar Gracia, Roberta Rossi, Alan H. H. Schulman, Laura Rossini
Summary: In this study, a total of 261 barley accessions were phenotyped for culm diameter and culm wall thickness using an image analysis-based protocol. Genome-wide association studies revealed 192 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with these traits, including 21 loci that impact lodging without affecting plant height. This research provides insights into the genetic control of culm morphology in barley and highlights the potential for improving lodging resistance and yield stability.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Cristina Silvar, Filomena Rocha, Ana M. Barata
Summary: The Iberian Peninsula played a crucial role in the introduction and diversification of pepper in Europe. This study examined the phenotypic diversity of Iberian peppers using high-throughput phenotyping tools and found a close relationship between Iberian and American peppers. The study also suggested that Portuguese and Spanish landraces may have originated from ancient American populations and adapted to local soil and climate conditions.
Review
Plant Sciences
Gustavo A. Slafer, Ana M. Casas, Ernesto Igartua
Summary: This article reviews the contrasting meaning of photoperiod insensitivity for wheat and barley, examines its molecular bases, and provides recommendations for managing this trait in research.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Nahid A. A. Morsi, Omnia S. M. Hashem, Mohamed A. Abd El-Hady, Yasser M. M. Abd-Elkrem, Mohamed E. E. El-temsah, Elhussin G. G. Galal, Khaled I. I. Gad, Ridha Boudiar, Cristina Silvar, Salah El-Hendawy, Elsayed Mansour, Mohamed A. A. Abdelkader
Summary: Drought is a major abiotic stress that affects canola growth, production, and quality. Developing drought-tolerant and high-yielding canola genotypes is critical for sustaining production and ensuring global food security. This study evaluated ten canola genotypes under different irrigation regimes and found that certain tissue-cultured and exotic genotypes performed better than commercial cultivars under water-deficit conditions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Mohamed E. El-temsah, Yasser M. Abd-Elkrem, Yasser A. El-Gabry, Mohamed A. Abdelkader, Nahid A. A. Morsi, Noura M. Taha, Shaimaa H. Abd-Elrahman, Fadl A. E. Hashem, Mostafa G. Shahin, Gomaa A. Abd El-Samad, Ridha Boudiar, Cristina Silvar, Salah El-Hendawy, Elsayed Mansour, Mohamed A. Abd El-Hady
Summary: This study assessed the effects of different calcium fertilizers on the growth, yield, and quality traits of peanuts. The results showed that foliar-applied nano-calcium combined with calcium nitrate or calcium sulfate had superior effects on peanut growth and yield. Additionally, the peanut cultivar Giza-6 exhibited better performance compared to the other cultivars. The research highlights the importance of calcium application for peanut cultivation, particularly in sandy soil with high pH.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Bruno Contreras-Moreira, Shradha Saraf, Guy Naamati, Ana M. Casas, Sandeep S. Amberkar, Paul Flicek, Andrew R. Jones, Sarah Dyer
Summary: This study proposes a crop pangenome approach using individual cultivar assemblies to access conserved genes more easily. However, the variability in genome content and inconsistent identifiers have hindered exploration. To overcome these challenges, the concept of pangenes is introduced to summarize a species coding potential and link back to original annotations. The protocol get_pangenes utilizes whole genome alignments to identify syntenic gene models based on coordinate overlaps. Benchmark tests with both small and large plant genomes demonstrate that pangenes accurately recapitulate phylogeny-based orthologies and generate complete soft-core gene sets.