Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agnieszka Gegotek, Elzbieta Skrzydlewska
Summary: This review highlights the importance of ascorbate as a strong antioxidant and its various mechanisms of action. It also emphasizes the interaction of ascorbate with other antioxidants and its role in promoting antioxidant proteins and transcription factors.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xinyue Zhao, Lulu Ning, Xiaoman Zhou, Zhihui Song, Jianjian Zhang, Feng Guan, Xiao-Feng Yang
Summary: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a vital endogenous signal molecule with critical physiological functions, but its site-specific delivery and release in biological systems remains a challenge. The newly developed Pro-S donor shows excellent release efficiency and live-cell compatibility, allowing real-time capturing of H2S and demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects in cells.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dong-ha Kim, Ji-Su Kim, Jae-Hee Kwon, In-Sook Kwun, Moon-Chang Baek, Gi-Seok Kwon, Wiramon Rungratanawanich, Byoung-Joon Song, Do-Kyun Kim, Hyo-Jung Kwon, Young-Eun Cho
Summary: This study investigated the preventive effects of ellagic acid (EA) against DSS-induced acute colitis, liver, and brain injury in mice. The results showed that EA significantly reduced gut barrier dysfunction, endotoxemia, and inflammatory gut, liver, and brain injury by modulating gut microbiota composition and inhibiting oxidative and nitrative stress marker proteins. The study also demonstrated that EA's effects were mediated by blocking the NF-kappa B and MAPK pathway.
Review
Immunology
Lang Pan, Spiros Vlahopoulos, Lloyd Tanner, Jesper Bergwik, Attila Bacsi, Zsolt Radak, Arne Egesten, Xueqing Ba, Allan R. Brasier, Istvan Boldogh
Summary: Recent research has revealed the non-random distribution of 8-oxoguanine induced by reactive oxygen species, suggesting its epigenetic effects. 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), the repair protein for 8-oxoGua, has been found to participate in transcriptional initiation and transmit acute inflammatory signals in airway epithelial cells. The interactions between epithelial-mesenchymal and epithelial-immune contribute to the development of chronic pulmonary diseases through inflammatory remodeling.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin Yang, Maodi Liang, Yihan Tang, Dingling Ma, Menghuan Li, Chenggang Yuan, Yanting Hou, Chaoyue Sun, Jie Liu, Qianqian Wei, Yongsheng Chang, Cuizhe Wang, Jun Zhang
Summary: In the context of obesity, inflammatory cytokines secreted by adipocytes contribute to insulin resistance and play a key role in the development of metabolic syndrome. Our previous study found that the transcription factor KLF7 promotes the expression of p-p65 and IL-6 in adipocytes, but the specific molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of KLF7, PKC?, p-I?B, p-p65, and IL-6 was significantly increased in epididymal white adipose tissue (Epi WAT) of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). However, in KLF7 fat conditional knockout mice, the expression of PKC?, p-I?B, p-p65, and IL-6 was significantly decreased in Epi WAT. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, KLF7 promotes the expression of IL-6 through the PKC?/NF-?B pathway. Furthermore, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that KLF7 upregulates the expression of PKC? transcripts in HEK-293T cells. Together, our results demonstrate that KLF7 promotes the expression of IL-6 by upregulating PKC? expression and activating the NF-?B signaling pathway in adipocytes.
Article
Biology
Saeed Karimi-Matloub, Rasoul Namavari, Forough Hatefi-Hesari, Atena Sadeghi, Rasool Karimi-Matloub, Mansoor Khaledi, Amirmohammad Bakhtiari, Ali Nouri
Summary: Ellagic acid demonstrates a protective effect against diclofenac-induced nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and suppressing inflammatory responses. This finding suggests that ellagic acid may be a valuable candidate to alleviate the side effects of NSAIDs such as diclofenac.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Fang Wang, Yuanrong Chen, Kiyoshi Itagaki, Bin Zhu, Yajuan Lin, Haizhao Song, Luanfeng Wang, Ling Xiong, Zebin Weng, Xinchun Shen
Summary: Wheat-germ-derived peptide APEPEPAF (APE) has protective properties against ulcerative colitis by regulating the PKC zeta/NF-kappa B signaling pathway, preserving colon barrier function, and improving intestinal flora imbalance.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elizabeth M. Black, Yoon Ki Joo, Lilia Kabeche
Summary: Chk1 is a crucial player in the DNA damage response pathway and its loss can lead to replication stress and genome instability. However, the development of resistance to Chk1 inhibitors remains a major challenge in cancer therapy. Recent studies have shed light on multiple mechanisms underlying the emergence of Chk1 inhibitor resistance in lymphomas, involving dysfunction in NF-kappa B and up-regulation of alternative pathways. Additionally, these studies have discovered a novel role for Claspin in female fertility and cancer development, further deepening our understanding of the impact of dysfunction in the Claspin/Chk1 signaling pathway on disease states.
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
EunJin Bang, Cheol Park, Hyun Hwangbo, Jung-Hyun Shim, Sun-Hee Leem, Jin Won Hyun, Gi-Young Kim, Yung Hyun Choi
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complex complication of diabetes characterized by vision loss, caused by the build-up of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to hyperglycemia. In this study, spermidine, a natural polyamine with antioxidant effects, was investigated for its potential to inhibit high glucose-induced oxidative stress in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The results showed that spermidine effectively reduced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in high glucose-treated RPE cells by inhibiting mitochondrial ROS production.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Karl Aramouni, Roland Assaf, Abdullah Shaito, Manal Fardoun, Maha Al-Asmakh, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Ali H. Eid
Summary: Cellular oxidation-reduction systems, including pro- and antioxidant molecules, play vital roles in essential cellular processes. Dysregulation of these systems can result in oxidative stress, leading to various chronic illnesses. This review explores the impact of oxidative stress on the human body, highlighting oxidants, mechanisms, and pathways involved. It discusses antioxidant defense mechanisms and the importance of understanding cellular redox systems for the development of redox medicine.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ming-Cheng Lee, Yin-Kai Chen, Jyy-Jih Tsai-Wu, Yih-Jen Hsu, Bor-Ru Lin
Summary: NF-KB inhibitors can reduce the expression of ACE2 in human lung cells, with ROS and NF-KB signaling playing important roles in the regulation of ACE2. The combination of zinc with NF-KB inhibitors may have potential for clinical treatment of ACE2-related diseases.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Laura O. Walter, Mariana F. Maioral, Lisandra O. Silva, Douglas B. Speer, Sanjay C. Campbell, Winklet Gallimore, Miriam B. Falkenberg, Maria Claudia Santos-Silva
Summary: This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of the o-quinone stypoldione isolated from brown algae on multiple myeloma cells (MM) and found it to have potential for MM treatment.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Fang He, Xiaoyan Wu, Qingzhuo Zhang, Yikun Li, Yuyi Ye, Pan Li, Shuai Chen, Yuanyi Peng, Rudiger Hardeland, Yaoyao Xia
Summary: Melatonin exhibits antibacterial effects on various pathogenic bacteria in animals and plants, acting through multiple mechanisms such as direct actions at high concentrations, activation of hosts' defense mechanisms, attenuation of inflammation, and modulation of signaling pathways. Its protective functions involve inhibition of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, detoxification, and protection against mitochondrial damage, suggesting melatonin as a potential effective approach against bacterial infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angel Gallego-Selles, Victor Galvan-Alvarez, Miriam Martinez-Canton, Eduardo Garcia-Gonzalez, David Morales-Alamo, Alfredo Santana, Juan Jose Gonzalez-Henriquez, Cecilia Dorado, Jose A. L. Calbet, Marcos Martin-Rincon
Summary: The NF-kappa B signaling pathway plays a critical role in various biological processes and can be activated during exercise. This study demonstrates that exercising to exhaustion activates NF-kappa B signaling in human skeletal muscle, and the regulation of this pathway is influenced by metabolite accumulation and oxygen levels. These findings have important implications for the interpretation of previous studies and the design of future experiments.
Article
Plant Sciences
Li Yuan, Lingming Zhang, Na Yao, Lingna Wu, Jianming Liu, Fanglan Liu, Hong Zhang, Xiao Hu, Yuqing Xiong, Chunhua Xia
Summary: The study reveals that PKC/NF-kappa B signaling downregulates UGT1A1 expression, while UA and OA promote the expression of UGT1A1 in HepG2 cells by inhibiting the PKC/NF-kappa B signaling pathway.