Article
Medicine, General & Internal
August Wrotek, Julita Robakiewicz, Katarzyna Pawlik, Patryk Rudzinski, Izabela Pilarska, Aleksandra Jaron, Aleksandra Imielowska, Malgorzata Jarzebowska, Katarzyna Zablocka, Teresa Jackowska
Summary: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has a significant impact on pediatric hospitalizations. The study analyzed the contribution of CAP to hospitalizations, its etiology in relation to age, and the role of inflammatory markers. It found that CAP accounted for a considerable proportion of hospitalizations and patient days, with viral pneumonia being more common than bacterial pneumonia. Serum inflammatory markers can assist in differentiating the causative factors.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alex R. Schuurman, Tom D. Y. Reijnders, Tjitske S. R. van Engelen, Valentine Leopold, Justin de Brabander, Christine van Linge, Michiel Schinkel, Liza Pereverzeva, Bastiaan W. Haak, Xanthe Brands, Maadrika M. N. P. Kanglie, Inge A. H. van den Berk, Renee A. Douma, Daniel R. Faber, Prabath W. B. Nanayakkara, Jaap Stoker, Jan M. Prins, Brendon P. Scicluna, W. Joost Wiersinga, Tom van der Poll
Summary: This study identifies shared and distinct pathophysiological mechanisms in different aetiologies of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), which may guide new pathogen-specific therapeutic strategies.
Article
Microbiology
Yoris Demars, Thomas Brahier, David C. Rotzinger, Rene Brouillet, Katia Jaton, Onya Opota, Noemie Boillat-Blanco
Summary: Timely identification of pathogens in patients with lower respiratory tract infections is crucial to avoid inappropriate use of antibiotics. This study evaluated the performance of a rapid molecular assay in nasopharyngeal swabs to detect the most common bacteria causing lower respiratory tract infections in adults. The results showed good agreement between the nasopharyngeal molecular assay and lower respiratory tract samples in positive cases, indicating its potential use for targeted antibiotic therapy. However, the assay had limited agreement in negative cases, suggesting that a negative result should not be used to withhold antibiotics.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jan O. Friedrich, Elisa Gouvea Bogossian
Summary: In a trial evaluating the efficacy of hydrocortisone in treating community-acquired pneumonia, researchers found a nearly 50% lower 28-day mortality rate in the hydrocortisone group compared to the placebo group. They also observed a higher incidence of septic shock in the placebo group. The trial did not allow the use of open-label glucocorticoids, which may have contributed to the higher mortality rate in the placebo group.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Lindsay R. Grant, Elizabeth Begier, Christian Theilacker, Rachid Barry, Cassandra Hall-Murray, Qi Yan, Veneta Pope, Michael W. Pride, Luis Jodar, Bradford D. Gessner
Summary: Nonbacteremic community-acquired pneumonia is a major presentation of severe pneumococcal disease in adults. Urinary antigen detection can guide the use of higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines by detecting the serotypes causing pneumococcal CAP.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Miltiades Kyprianou, Konstantina Dakou, Aftab Aktar, Hichem Aouina, Naser Behbehani, Keertan Dheda, Georges Juvelekian, Adel Khattab, Bassam Mahboub, George Nyale, Sayed Oraby, Abdullah Sayiner, Atef Shibl, Serhat Unal, Mohamed Awad Tag El Deen, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Ross Davidson, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis
Summary: This meta-analysis demonstrates that the addition of macrolides to the treatment regimen for CAP can significantly reduce 30-day mortality and slightly increase the resolution rate of CAP. The study also found that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most common pathogens in under-reported countries.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yuancheng Chen, Xiaojie Wu, Chengyuan Tsai, Liwen Chang, Jicheng Yu, Guoying Cao, Beining Guo, Yaoguo Shi, Demei Zhu, Fupin Hu, Jinyi Yuan, Yang Liu, Xu Zhao, Yingyuan Zhang, Jufang Wu, Jing Zhang
Summary: Integrative PK/PD analysis supports the reliable clinical and microbiological efficacy of nemonoxacin 500 mg q24 h in treating community-acquired pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae, regardless of patient sex, mild renal impairment, empty stomach or not. However, nemonoxacin 750 mg q24 h would provide better efficacy than 500 mg q24 h for CAP caused by H. parainfluenzae in terms of CFR.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Luis A. Ruiz, Leyre Serrano, Silvia Perez, Sonia Castro, Amaia Urrutia, Ane Uranga, Amaia Artaraz, Ainhoa Gomez, Pedro P. Espana, Rafael Zalacain
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of using a predefined cutoff value for lymphopenia as an early predictor of in-hospital mortality and other outcomes in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. The study found that lymphopenia could be used as a reproducible predictor of complicated clinical course in these patients.
Article
Respiratory System
Fei Fan, Jun Lv, Qianyuan Yang, Fei Jiang
Summary: This study compared the demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging findings in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and non-MPP (NMPP) children, as well as general MPP (GMPP) children and children with refractory MPP (RMPP). The results showed that children with MPP had longer fever duration and hospital stay, and a higher prevalence of pleural effusion, lung consolidation, and bronchopneumonia on imaging. The levels of inflammatory markers were significantly higher in the MPP group, and the clinical symptoms and pulmonary imaging findings were more severe in the RMPP group. IL-6, IL-10, LDH, PT, and D-dimer were identified as predictive indicators for RMPP.
CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Joseph A. Lewnard, Noga Givon-Lavi, Ron Dagan
Summary: The study analyzed the effectiveness of PCV in protecting children against pneumonia caused by different vaccine-targeted pneumococcal serotypes in southern Israel. The results showed that PCV could effectively reduce carriage of vaccine-serotype pneumococci and decrease the risk of disease progression.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Andrea Orsi, Alexander Domnich, Stefano Mosca, Matilde Ogliastro, Laura Sticchi, Rosa Prato, Francesca Fortunato, Domenico Martinelli, Fabio Tramuto, Claudio Costantino, Vincenzo Restivo, Vincenzo Baldo, Tatjana Baldovin, Elizabeth Begier, Christian Theilacker, Eva Agostina Montuori, Rohini Beavon, Bradford Gessner, Giancarlo Icardi
Summary: This study aimed to assess the serotype-specific epidemiology of pneumococci among hospitalized older adults in Italy. The prevalence of pneumococcal infection among hospitalized CAP cases was 13.1%, with serotypes 3, 8, 22F, and 11A being the most common. PCV20, which includes these serotypes, plays an important role in preventing pneumonia in older adults.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Naoyuki Miyashita, Yasushi Nakamori, Makoto Ogata, Naoki Fukuda, Akihisa Yamura, Yoshihisa Ishiura, Shosaku Nomura
Summary: This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological differences between Mycoplasma pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia (M. pneumoniae CAP) and COVID-19 CAP. The study found that patients with M. pneumoniae CAP were significantly younger and more likely to experience cough and sputum. In contrast, patients with COVID-19 CAP often had loss of taste and anosmia, which were not observed in M. pneumoniae CAP. Chest computed tomography (CT) features characteristic of M. pneumoniae CAP were rarely seen in patients with COVID-19 CAP.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Han Lin, Jingyang Sun, Jie Ma, Zhendong Qin, Biao Jiang, Wei Li, Qing Wang, Youlu Su, Li Lin, Chun Liu
Summary: This study investigated the spread and replication of Klebsiella pneumoniae in infected bullfrog tissues. A qPCR assay was developed to detect and quantify the bacteria, with the spleen identified as the major site for K. pneumoniae replication. Additionally, the mucus assay showed potential as a noninvasive tool for the early surveillance and prevention of K. pneumoniae in bullfrogs.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Susanne Paukner, David Mariano, Anita F. Das, Gregory J. Moran, Christian Sandrock, Ken B. Waites, Thomas M. File
Summary: Lefamulin, the first pleuromutilin antibiotic approved for systemic use in adult community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, showed high efficacy and safety against atypical pathogens in both intravenous and oral formulations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anitra C. Carr, Emma Vlasiuk, Masuma Zawari, Amy Scott-Thomas, Malina Storer, Michael Maze, Stephen T. Chambers
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin C supplementation on patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The study found that patients had low vitamin C levels, which were inversely associated with the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein. After vitamin C supplementation, patients' vitamin C levels were increased, and there were trends towards shorter hospital stays and time to clinical stability.
