Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Esmael Besufikad Belachew, Dareskedar Tsehay Sewasew
Summary: The estrogen receptor is crucial in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, with endocrine resistance posing a challenge. Combining drugs that target different signaling pathways and coregulatory proteins with endocrine therapy may offer a novel therapeutic approach to combat endocrine resistance.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Fiona H. Zhou, Teesha Downton, Allegra Freelander, Joshua Hurwitz, C. Elizabeth Caldon, Elgene Lim
Summary: CDK4/6 inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of ER+ breast cancer and are the standard first-line therapy. However, resistance to these inhibitors is a challenge and there is a need to understand the mechanisms of resistance to guide subsequent treatment decisions.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lea Clusan, Francois Ferriere, Gilles Flouriot, Farzad Pakdel
Summary: Breast cancer, the most common and deadliest cancer among women worldwide, is closely associated with estrogen signaling. Hormone therapy using antiestrogens is the standard treatment, but resistance inevitably occurs through various biological mechanisms. Understanding the estrogen pathway is crucial for the development of new therapies for hormone-dependent breast cancer. This mini-review summarizes the current literature on estrogen receptors in breast cancer, including their signalization, mechanisms of action, and clinical implications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hong Sun, Congting Hu, Xiaohan Zheng, Jie Zhuang, Xiaoxia Wei, Jiaqin Cai
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between serum lipid levels and endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Clinical stage, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were found to be independent predictors of endocrine resistance. Timely treatment is recommended for patients with dyslipidemia.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sheila Almaraz Postigo, Juan Carlos Montero
Summary: In this study, the researchers found that Neuregulins (NRGs) regulate estrogen receptor α (ERα) in breast cancer cells through multiple mechanisms. NRGs activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, ERK1/2, and ERK5 pathways, leading to phosphorylation of ERα and down-regulation of its expression. NRGs also confer resistance to fulvestrant in breast cancer cells. However, this resistance can be reversed by simultaneously inhibiting these three pathways.
Article
Oncology
Shinsuke Sasada, Naoto Kondo, Hiroya Hashimoto, Yuko Takahashi, Kaori Terata, Kumiko Kida, Yasuaki Sagara, Takayuki Ueno, Keisei Anan, Akihiko Suto, Chizuko Kanbayashi, Mina Takahashi, Rikiya Nakamura, Toshiyuki Ishiba, Michiko Tsuneizumi, Seiichiro Nishimura, Yoichi Naito, Fumikata Hara, Tadahiko Shien, Hiroji Iwata
Summary: The prognosis for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative T1a/bN0M0 breast cancers is excellent, but the necessity of adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) is uncertain.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Neil Portman, Julia Chen, Elgene Lim
Summary: This review explores the role of the p53/MDM2 axis in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer and the potential of targeting p53/MDM2 by inhibiting MDM2 in the setting of CDK4/6i resistance.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Christopher Godina, Somayeh Khazaei, Helga Tryggvadottir, Edward Visse, Bjorn Nodin, Karin Jirstrom, Signe Borgquist, Ana Bosch, Karolin Isaksson, Helena Jernstrom
Summary: The prognostic impact of IGFBP7 in breast cancer remains unclear, with low levels associated with less aggressive tumor characteristics. The prognostic impact of IGFBP7 high levels varies based on host factors and treatment. Further investigation is needed to confirm IGFBP7 as a potential biomarker for treatment selection.
Article
Oncology
Lubna N. Chaudhary, Julie M. Jorns, Yunguang Sun, Yee Chung Cheng, Sailaja Kamaraju, John Burfeind, Mary Beth Gonyo, Amanda L. Kong, Caitlin Patten, Tina Yen, Chandler S. Cortina, Ebony Carson, Nedra Johnson, Carmen Bergom, Shirng-Wern Tsaih, Anjishnu Banerjee, Yu Wang, Inna Chervoneva, Elizabeth Weil, Christopher R. Chitambar, Hallgeir Rui
Summary: This study observed the changes in HER1-4 protein expression after short-term neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) in early-stage hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer patients. It was found that the upregulation rate of HER2 protein was 48.6%, while the downregulation rate of HER3 and HER4 proteins was 54.2%.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Hengqiang Zhao, Yiping Gong
Summary: Single estrogen receptor (ER)+ and progesterone receptor (PR)+ tumors account for about 10% of all breast cancers. The prognosis of these tumors varies based on HER2 status, with single ER+ and PR+ patients showing different survival outcomes in different HER2 subtypes. In HER2- subtype, single PR+ patients had poorer prognoses than single ER+ patients, while in HER2+ subtype, single ER+ and PR+ patients showed similar prognoses compared with ER-PR- patients.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lea Clusan, Pascale Le Goff, Gilles Flouriot, Farzad Pakdel
Summary: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. While most ER-positive breast cancer cases initially respond to antiestrogen therapies, a high percentage develop resistance over time. Research on mutated forms of ER alpha has led to potential developments in new antiestrogen treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
William Sebastian, Lauren Forchette, Kelsey Donoughe, Yibei Lun, Anisha Verma, Tuoen Liu
Summary: In this review paper, various important aspects of hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer were discussed, including HR structure and signaling, genetics (epigenetics and gene mutations), gene expression-based assays, traditional and new drugs for treatment, and new technological uses in diagnosis and treatment. Particularly, the commonly mutated genes and abnormally methylated genes in HR-positive breast cancer were summarized, and the common gene expression-based assays used in breast cancer as prognostic and/or predictive tools were compared in detail. These topic discussions have not been fully described and summarized within other research or review articles.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaoyong Fu, Carmine De Angelis, Rachel Schiff
Summary: Cancer immunology is a rapidly expanding field in cancer research, and the immune system plays an important role in the development of breast cancer. IFN signaling is critical in determining therapy response and outcome of breast cancer patients, depending on the subtype. The role of tumor cell-inherent IFN signaling in the breast cancer microenvironment could influence therapy response with protumor activities.
Article
Oncology
Luca Gianni, Marco Colleoni, Giancarlo Bisagni, Mauro Mansutti, Claudio Zamagni, Lucia Del Mastro, Stefania Zambelli, Giampaolo Bianchini, Antonio Frassoldati, Ilaria Maffeis, Pinuccia Valagussa, Giuseppe Viale
Summary: This study investigates the resistance to endocrine therapy in HER2- and hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, and finds that dual HER2 blockade and palbociclib can significantly decrease Ki67 expression and achieve high objective response rate and pathological complete response. The addition of fulvestrant in the treatment regimen also shows similar therapeutic effects.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Benoite Mery, Coralie Poulard, Muriel Le Romancer, Olivier Tredan
Summary: The AKT protein kinase has a key role in breast cancer, particularly in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, where hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway leads to treatment resistance. AKT inhibitors and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors have been developed and approved for the treatment of this type of breast cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Sunil S. Badve, Frederique Penault-Llorca, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Regula Deurloo, Kalliopi P. Siziopikou, Corrado D'Arrigo, Giuseppe Viale
Summary: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer. Increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte counts have been found to be prognostic for survival in TNBC. Anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-1 antibodies have been approved for the treatment of TNBC, and PD-L1 testing is becoming increasingly important in guiding treatment options.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Alexander Krohannon, Mansi Srivastava, Simone Rauch, Rajneesh Srivastava, Bryan C. Dickinson, Sarath Chandra Janga
Summary: CASowary is a novel machine learning and computational tool to predict the efficacy of sgRNAs, providing high-quality guide predictions for numerous transcripts in a cell line-specific manner. Application of this tool should facilitate rapid deployment of CRISPR/Cas13 systems, aiding in the development of therapeutic interventions linked with aberrations in RNA regulatory processes.
Article
Oncology
Lan Zheng, Yesim Gokmen-Polar, Sunil S. Badve
Summary: The nonsurgical management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is controversial with limited understanding of its long-term consequences. This study aimed to assess the risk of upstaging to invasive carcinoma and ipsilateral breast cancer events in patients eligible for nonsurgical management trials. The results showed that these patients had a significantly high risk of developing ipsilateral breast events within 5 years of diagnosis, indicating the need for better selection criteria to identify patients at very low risk for the development of invasive breast cancer (IBC).
Article
Oncology
Sunil S. Badve, Sanghee Cho, Xiaoyu Lu, Sha Cao, Soumya Ghose, Aye Aye Thike, Puay Hoon Tan, Idris Tolgay Ocal, Daniele Generali, Fabrizio Zanconati, Adrian L. Harris, Fiona Ginty, Yesim Gokmen-Polar
Summary: The study investigated the prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in multi-national cohorts from Asian and European women. It found that older women with circumferential TILs were less likely to develop second breast cancer events (BCE) at a 5-year follow-up. The spatial arrangement of TILs may serve as a better prognostic indicator in DCIS cases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Okiemute Beatrice Omoru, Filipe Pereira, Sarath Chandra Janga, Amirhossein Manzourolajdad
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 has different spreading capacities and mortality rates compared to SARS-CoV-1. Research has found long-range RNA-RNA interactions in the Spike region of SARS-CoV-2, which may impact the viral life cycle.
Article
Oncology
Mayar Allam, Thomas Hu, Jeongjin Lee, Jeffrey Aldrich, Sunil S. Badve, Yesim Gokmen-Polar, Manali Bhave, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Frank Schneider, Ahmet F. Coskun
Summary: The study presents a new method (SpatialVizScore) to quantify immune cell infiltration within lung tumor tissues. By using multiplex protein imaging data and unsupervised clustering methods, the spatial infiltration of immune cells in tumors can be visualized, and the immune states of the tumors can be determined.
NPJ PRECISION ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Sunil S. Badve
Summary: This article discusses the use of artificial intelligence methods for analyzing pathology slides. The authors describe a reliable second reader system that can differentiate in situ and advanced invasive carcinomas from non-neoplastic lesions of the breast.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mansi Srivastava, Matthew R. Dukeshire, Quoseena Mir, Okiemute Beatrice Omoru, Amirhossein Manzourolajdad, Sarath Chandra Janga
Summary: This review summarizes recent computational tools and experimental methods for mapping long-range ribonucleic acid (RNA)-RNA interactions (RRI) in viral genomes, with a specific focus on SARS-CoV-2. The impact of mutations on the RRI space in viral genomes is also discussed, along with available informatics resources. Investigating the evolution of long-range RNA interactions and virus-host interactions is crucial for understanding emerging variants and developing improved RNA therapeutics.
BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yesim Gokmen-Polar, Yuan Gu, Alper Polar, Xiaoping Gu, Sunil S. Badve
Summary: This study demonstrates that ESRP1 binds to the 5' untranslated region of PHGDH and increases its mRNA stability in hormone therapy-resistant estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of action of RNA-binding proteins and could assist in developing novel strategies for the treatment of hormone therapy-resistant breast cancer.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Soumya Ghose, Sanghee Cho, Fiona Ginty, Elizabeth McDonough, Cynthia Davis, Zhanpan Zhang, Jhimli Mitra, Adrian L. Harris, Aye Aye Thike, Puay Hoon Tan, Yesim Gokmen-Polar, Sunil S. Badve
Summary: The authors developed a deep learning classification network to predict breast cancer events (BCEs) in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), providing early and accurate predictions for personalized therapy and avoiding over-treatment of low-risk patients.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sunil S. S. Badve, Yesim Gokmen-Polar
Summary: Cancer development and progression is a complex process influenced by the co-evolution of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Traditional anti-cancer therapy mainly targets cancer cells, but considering the complex interactions between the tumor and its microenvironment may improve drug efficacy.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Sunil S. Badve, Alper Polar, Jeffrey Peter Solzak, Milan Radovich, Patrick J. Loehrer, Yesim Gokmen-Polar
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Juliana Mota Siqueira, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Camilla Oliveira Hoff, Flavia Bonini, Luana Guimaraes de Sousa, Mario L. Marques-Piubelli, Anurag Purushothaman, Mutsumi Mitani, Hui Dai, Shiaw-Yih Lin, Michael T. Spiotto, Ehab Y. Hanna, Daniel J. McGrail, Adel K. El-Naggar, Renata Ferrarotto
Summary: B7-H4 expression pattern varies among different types of salivary gland carcinomas, and high B7-H4 expression is associated with poor prognosis in adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Article
Pathology
Basile Tessier-Cloutier, Felix K. F. Kommoss, David L. Kolin, Kristyna Nemejcova, Dupreez Smith, Jennifer Pors, Colin J. R. Stewart, W. Glenn Mccluggage, William D. Foulkes, Andreas von Deimling, Martin Kobel, Cheng-Han Lee
Summary: This study provides a detailed analysis of the clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of DDOC/UDOC. The majority of patients presented with extraovarian disease and had rapid disease progression resulting in high mortality rate.
Review
Pathology
Sophia J. Wagner, Christian Matek, Sayedali Shetab Boushehri, Melanie Boxberg, Lorenz Lamm, Ario Sada, Dominik J. E. Winter, Carsten Marr, Tingying Peng
Summary: Computational pathology research driven by deep learning faces challenges in reproducibility and reusability. Codebase with good documentation and robustness and generalizability of models are crucial. The reuse of computational pathology algorithms is limited, and their application in clinical settings is even rarer. This study evaluates 160 peer-reviewed articles, providing criteria for data and code availability and statistical analysis of results.
Article
Pathology
Andres M. Acosta, Lynette M. Sholl, Fiona Maclean, Chia-Sui Kao, Thomas M. Ulbright
Summary: This study assessed the clinicopathologic and genomic features of 14 cases of testicular sex cord-stromal tumors. The results showed that CTNNB1 mutations are rare in these tumors, and most of them have genomic alterations similar to testicular sex cord-stromal tumors with pure or predominant spindle cell components.
Article
Pathology
Toru Odate, Kaishi Satomi, Takashi Kubo, Yuko Matsushita, Toshihide Ueno, Akira Kurose, Kohei Shomori, Tokiko Nakai, Reiko Watanabe, Keiko Segawa, Shusa Ohshika, Naritomo Miyake, Sayaka Kudo, Tatsunori Shimoi, Eisuke Kobayashi, Motokiyo Komiyama, Seiichi Yoshimoto, Fumihiko Nakatani, Akira Kawai, Yasushi Yatabe, Shinji Kohsaka, Koichi Ichimura, Hitoshi Ichikawa, Akihiko Yoshida
Summary: Inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumors (IRMTs) are newly recognized skeletal muscle tumors with uncertain malignant potential. This study investigated 13 IRMTs using clinicopathologic, genetic, and epigenetic methods. The results showed specific histologic features and genetic mutations in these tumors, and most of them exhibited benign behavior.
Article
Pathology
Dale L. Davis, Adam C. Lechner, David B. Chapel, Jonathan C. Slack, Chrystalle Katte Carreon, Bradley J. Quade, Carlos Parra-Herran
Summary: The Amsterdam Consensus Statement introduced the term maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) to classify a group of findings related to impaired maternal-placental circulation. The study found that features such as low placental weight, accelerated villous maturation, decidual arteriopathy, and infarcts are associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes, while the role of other features like distal villous hypoplasia, excess multinucleated trophoblast, and retroplacental hemorrhage needs further research.
Review
Pathology
Alain C. Borczuk
Summary: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome. While most patients recover completely, some may experience persistent respiratory dysfunction, known as long COVID. The pathogenesis involves immune and cellular disturbances.
Article
Pathology
Annikka Weissferdt, Cheuk H. Leung, Heather Lin, Boris Sepesi, William N. William, Stephen G. Swisher, Tina Cascone, J. Jack Lee, Abujiang Pataer
Summary: Neoadjuvant treatment of non-small cell lung cancer challenges traditional processing of pathology specimens, and accurate evaluation of residual tumor is crucial for assessing treatment efficacy.