Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zhi-Li Wang, Rui-Cheng Zhou, Li-Ming Zhao, Kun Ren, Wen Xu, Bo Liu, Heng Chen
Summary: This study conducts a coherence analysis to investigate the influence of the source grating on fringe visibility in dual phase grating interferometry. The results can serve as general guidelines for designing and optimizing dual phase grating x-ray interferometers.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jun Yang, Jian-Heng Huang, Yao-Hu Lei, Jing-Biao Zheng, Yu-Zheng Shan, Da-Yu Guo, Jin-Chuan Guo
Summary: This paper introduces the imaging process and optimal visibility conditions of the dual phase grating interferometer. The results show that the fringe period of the dual pi-phase grating interferometer is twice the theoretical results when the positions of phase gratings are far away from the positions where the fringe visibility is optimal.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Lorenz Birnbacher, Eva-Maria Braig, Daniela Pfeiffer, Franz Pfeiffer, Julia Herzen
Summary: Quantitative nature of biomedical imaging data is becoming increasingly important with the advancements in data science. Grating-based phase contrast computed tomography (GBPC-CT) is a phase contrast micro-CT imaging technique that offers high soft tissue contrast and high spatial resolution, and allows for quantitative determination of electron density and effective atomic number using laboratory X-ray sources. This review article focuses on the application of quantitative GBPC-CT in biomedical field.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Alessandra Patera, Carolina Arboleda, Veronica Ferrero, Elisa Fiorina, Konstantins Jefimovs, Alessandro Lo Giudice, Felix Mas Milian, Paolo Mereu, Stefania Pallotta, Luciano Ramello, Alessandro Re, Lorenzo Visca, Piergiorgio Cerello
Summary: The 4D GRAPH-X project aims to develop a prototype of an x-ray grating-based phase-contrast imaging scanner in a laboratory setting, optimized for analyzing moving objects and potential biomedical applications. Wave field simulations are used to optimize the setup specifications and construct a high-resolution and high-sensitivity imaging system.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jiecheng Yang, Peiping Zhu, Dong Liang, Hairong Zheng, Yongshuai Ge
Summary: A general theoretical framework is presented to explain the formation of the phase signal in an x-ray microscope integrated with a grating interferometer. This theory can predict key parameters of phase contrast imaging and has been validated through numerical simulations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matteo Busi, Jiazhou Shen, Michael Bacak, Marie Christine Zdora, Jan Capek, Jacopo Valsecchi, Markus Strobl
Summary: This study introduces a novel multi-directional neutron dark-field imaging approach that utilizes a single absorption grating to simultaneously probe multiple scattering directions. The method successfully resolves the microstructural properties of materials and overcomes limitations of conventional neutron dark-field imaging in assessing complex heterogeneous anisotropic microstructures.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lei Shao, Vikrant J. Gokhale, Bo Peng, Penghui Song, Jingjie Cheng, Justin Kuo, Amit Lal, Wen-Ming Zhang, Jason J. Gorman
Summary: This study presents a new approach for imaging high-frequency vibrations in mechanical resonators by using stroboscopic optical sampling technique. It achieves femtometer-level displacement measurements with higher bandwidth and lower noise floor compared to previous methods. This method has important applications in fields such as 5G wireless communications and quantum technologies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Chen Sun, Yutao Feng, Di Fu, Pengchong Wang, Jian Sun, Qinglan Bai
Summary: The study provides a detailed derivation of the analytical expression of phase uncertainty, including two significant parameters, fringe contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio. Numerical simulations and laboratory experiments confirm the effectiveness of the re-parameterized analytical expression, with results in good agreement with the original analytical expression.
Article
Optics
Jincheng Cao, Yao Fu, Tianbo Wang, Helong Li, Huailiang Xu
Summary: Coherent Raman spectroscopy (CRS) with air-laser-based hybrid femtosecond/picosecond (fs/ps) pulses has shown promising potential for remote detection and surveillance of atmospheric species with high temporal and frequency resolution. By generating CRS spectra in a filamentary plasma grating, the intensities of coherent vibrational Raman lines can be efficiently enhanced for air molecules like N-2, O-2, and N-2(+), significantly extending the detection distance. The optimization of Raman lines is achieved by balancing the supercontinuum-induced vibrational coherence and air-laser-induced polarization of the air species.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Tingfeng Li, Ruohui Wang, Xueguang Qiao
Summary: We proposed a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) accelerometer demodulation method based on an in-line Sagnac interferometric structure. The method uses an electro-optical phase modulator as a phase-generating carrier modulation module. The study theoretically analyzed the in-line Sagnac optical path interference based on the electro-optical phase modulator and described its modulation mechanism. Experimental results showed that the proposed method effectively reduces system background noise and provides a fast response to interferometric optical path changes. The sensitivity of the demodulation scheme based on the in-line Sagnac structure was also improved compared to the Sagnac ring structure.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Benedicta D. Arhatari, Andrew W. Stevenson, Brian Abbey, Yakov I. Nesterets, Anton Maksimenko, Christopher J. Hall, Darren Thompson, Sheridan C. Mayo, Tom Fiala, Harry M. Quiney, Seyedamir T. Taba, Sarah J. Lewis, Patrick C. Brennan, Matthew Dimmock, Daniel Hausermann, Timur E. Gureyev
Summary: IMBL is a beamline at the Australian Synchrotron that delivers hard X-rays for biomedical applications, including propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (PCT) for imaging low-density materials. The unique properties of synchrotron X-ray sources allow for high sensitivity phase-contrast imaging with short exposure times. Ongoing research aims to introduce innovative 3D X-ray medical imaging techniques to improve breast cancer detection and diagnosis.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Tristan G. Fleming, Samuel J. Clark, Xianqiang Fan, Kamel Fezzaa, Chu Lun Alex Leung, Peter D. Lee, James M. Fraser
Summary: In situ monitoring is crucial for laser powder bed fusion and laser welding in manufacturing complex metallic components. This study combines optical coherence tomography (OCT) and synchrotron X-ray imaging for real-time monitoring of keyhole profiles during laser material processing. The results reveal the causes of outliers in OCT depth measurements and demonstrate the ability to track bubble and pore formation events.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wenfeng Huang, Xinyun Liang, Chun-Hua Yuan, Weiping Zhang, L. Q. Chen
Summary: This work discusses the single-intensity and difference-intensity detection schemes for lossy Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) and provides optimal conditions for the best phase measurements. The phase sensitivity of these schemes can reach the standard interferometric limit (SIL) when the core parameters are optimal. Experimental results demonstrate sensitivity improvements based on difference-intensity detection, matching the theoretical results well. These optimal phase measurement methods provide practical solutions for resource utilization in lossy interferometers.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Jian-Dong Zhang, Shuai Wang
Summary: This paper analyzes the application prospect of an optical interferometer seeded by coherent and squeezed vacuum states in gravitational wave detection. By studying the phase sensitivity of an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) followed by balanced homodyne measurement under the same inputs, we give the optimal transmittance and demonstrate the advantage of our scheme over a balanced MZI scheme. Additionally, when the average photon number of the coherent state is dominant, the phase sensitivity of our scheme can nearly saturate the single-parameter quantum Cramer-Rao bound. Our results may contribute to the development of practical quantum sensing.
Article
Optics
Ido Attia, Eyal Wohlgemuth, Ohad Balciano, Roi Jacob Cohen, Yaron Yoffe, Dan Sadot
Summary: In this work, a novel and efficient characterization scheme for a narrow linewidth laser using a nearly-coherent delayed self-homodyne technique is proposed. The phase noise is extracted from the modulated signal of an analog coherent optics transceiver and the local oscillator mixed after a very short optical path difference. The technique demonstrates high accuracy in extracting the optical path difference and linewidth of the laser source.
Editorial Material
Otorhinolaryngology
Stephanie Shintani-Smith, Amber U. Luong, Vijay R. Ramakrishnan, Bruce K. Tan, Dustin D. French, Robert C. Kern
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sean R. Smith, Mary Vargo, David S. Zucker, Samman Shahpar, Lynn H. Gerber, Maryanne Henderson, Gina Jay, Andrea L. Cheville
Summary: This study evaluates the responsiveness of the PROMIS Cancer Function Brief 3D Profile, a novel measure of function in cancer patients. The results show that the tool is sensitive to changes in function and is correlated with changes in pain and performance status.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Eli Stein, Alexander L. Schneider, Regan Harmon, Samuel D. Racette, Abhita T. Reddy, Caroline P. E. Price, Julia H. Huang, Atsushi Kato, Stephanie Shintani-Smith, David B. Conley, Kevin C. Welch, Robert C. Kern, Bruce K. Tan
Summary: Discharge or edema after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in the absence of polyps is associated with higher patient-reported outcome severity and is more strongly associated with type 1 or 3 inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Stephanie Shintani Smith, Anne Caliendo, Brian T. Cheng, Robert C. Kern, Jane Holl, Jeffrey A. Linder, Kenzie A. Cameron
Summary: This study explored patient perceptions regarding the use of antibiotics for ARS through interviews. The results revealed that patients have misconceptions about the indications and effectiveness of antibiotics, highlighting the need for patient education and expectation management.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Rehabilitation
Eric Wisotzky, Sean Smith, Lisa Ruppert, R. Samuel Mayer, Samman Shahpar, Brian McMichael, Megan Clark, Megan Brunner, Brian Thompson, Mary Vargo
Article
Rehabilitation
Eric Wisotzky, Sean Smith, Lisa Ruppert, R. Samuel Mayer, Samman Shahpar, Brian McMichael, Megan Clark, Megan Brunner, Brian Thompson, Mary Vargo
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Jasmine S. Lin, Bruce Tan, Chen Yeh, Robert Kern, David Conley, Kevin Welch, Anju Peters, Stephanie Smith
Summary: COVID-19 measures such as masking and staying indoors are associated with improved symptoms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The first year of treatment during the pandemic shows a greater reduction in symptom severity, possibly due to measures like masking and staying indoors.
LARYNGOSCOPE INVESTIGATIVE OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Nicole M. Grogan Fleege, Donna Pierce-Gjeldum, Leigh K. Swartz, Kait Verbal, Sofia Merajver, Christopher R. Friese, Ayano Kiyota, Jason Heth, Denise Leung, Sean R. Smith, Nicolette Gabel, Michelle M. Kim, Aki Morikawa
Summary: The study aims to improve the survival and quality of life for patients with metastatic breast cancer through team-based care. The results show that a dedicated program coordinator and a personalized referral system can shorten patients' waiting time, improve the utilization of specialized medical resources, and facilitate patient participation in clinical trials.
JCO ONCOLOGY PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Nicholas Stoyles, Andrea Cheville, David Zucker, Blair Richards, Mary Vargo, Lynn Gerber, Samman Shahpar, Maryanne Henderson, Gina Jay, Sean R. Smith
Summary: This manuscript reports the results of a multi-center study that evaluated the effects of individual and additive factors on functional decline in breast cancer patients. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and brain metastases were strongly associated with reduced function. Interestingly, radiation was associated with improved function.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Lauren Brothers, Jasmine Malhotra, Cody Andrews, Sean R. Smith
Summary: Despite treatment advances, cGVHD remains a serious complication of stem cell transplantation. This review highlights how cGVHD affects function and discusses restorative interventions.
CURRENT ONCOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ana F. Suzana, Sizhan Liu, Jiecheng Diao, Longlong Wu, Tadesse A. Assefa, Milinda Abeykoon, Ross Harder, Wonsuk Cha, Emil S. Bozin, Ian K. Robinson
Summary: When synthesized under certain conditions, barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles show a non-thermodynamic cubic structure and have an enhanced dielectric constant. These nanoparticles are widely used in thin-layer capacitors. Characterization methods, including X-ray refinement and the Williamson-Hall approach, reveal the presence of notable strain associated with the cubic phase. However, X-ray pair distribution function measurements indicate a lower symmetry local structure.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Ralf F. F. Ziesche, Thomas M. M. Heenan, Pooja Kumari, Jarrod Williams, Weiqun Li, Matthew E. E. Curd, Timothy L. L. Burnett, Ian Robinson, Dan J. L. Brett, Matthias J. J. Ehrhardt, Paul D. D. Quinn, Layla B. B. Mehdi, Philip J. J. Withers, Melanie M. M. Britton, Nigel D. D. Browning, Paul R. R. Shearing
Summary: The demand for low carbon energy storage has emphasized the importance of imaging techniques in characterizing electrode microstructures, determining key parameters for battery manufacture, operation, degradation, and failure in both next generation lithium batteries and other novel battery systems. This review summarizes recent progress and highlights in magnetic resonance, neutron, X-ray, focused ion beam, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Two major trends are identified: the use of multi-modal microscopy in a correlative fashion, providing contrast modes across length and time scales, and the application of machine learning to guide data collection and analysis, recognizing the role of these tools in evaluating large data streams from increasingly sophisticated imaging experiments.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Longlong Wu, Seongmin Bak, Youngho Shin, Yong S. Chu, Shinjae Yoo, Ian K. Robinson, Xiaojing Huang
Summary: Multimodal hard X-ray scanning probe microscopy combines ptychography with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy to study functional materials, providing both structural and chemical information. A machine learning model is developed to enhance spatial resolution by decoupling the effect of X-ray probe from the XRF signal, showing superior performance compared to traditional scanning XRF methods. The proposed method can be widely applied in functional materials and biological imaging with XRF microscopy and related applications.
NPJ COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Education, Special
Samantha R. R. Goldman, Adam Carreon, Sean J. J. Smith, Jennifer Kurth
Summary: Many students struggle with written expression, but technology supports like speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and predictive text can help mitigate barriers. However, challenges remain in selecting the right tools, training educators and students on how to use them, and overcoming the time investment required.
JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Wang, Junjie Li, Lijun Wu, Jennifer Sears, Fuhao Ji, Xiaozhe Shen, Alex H. Reid, Jing Tao, Ian K. Robinson, Yimei Zhu, Mark P. M. Dean
Summary: This study investigates the interplay between charge order and lattice distortions in magnetite using ultrafast electron diffraction, and explains the mechanism of the Verwey transition through transient structural evolution.