Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Guangqiang Liu, Kun Liu, Peng Han
Summary: In oxygen steelmaking, the effect of lance height on splash sheets is significant, while the sheet diameter is less affected by gas flow rate. The width-to-depth ratio of the cavity is a critical parameter influencing sheet shape.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Liu Zhang, Kaitian Zhang, Zhong Zheng, Yi Chai, Xiaoyuan Lian, Kai Zhang, Zhaojun Xu, Sujun Chen
Summary: This research proposes an integrated scheduling model that allows for flexible interaction between oxygen distribution and steelmaking-continuous casting. By considering the probability information of demand uncertainty, the model shows superior performance in cost reduction and uncertainty risk compared to recent methods.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Lotte De Vos, Vincent Cnockaert, Inge Bellemans, Carina Vercruyssen, Kim Verbeken
Summary: The goal of this work is to assess the applicability of the slag foaming index concept on industrial data. By using acoustic measurements and developing a model to estimate the composition and properties of the slag, it is found that there is no distinct link between the calculated foaming index and industrial measurements, with viscosity being the dominant parameter in the foam index for industrial slags.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kaitian Zhang, Zhong Zheng, Liu Zhang, Yu Liu, Sujun Chen
Summary: In this study, an analysis of the mechanism and industrial big data was conducted to identify the characteristic factors of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) oxygen consumption in different modes. Based on this, a dynamic-prediction modeling method for BOF oxygen demand considering mode classification was proposed. A control module based on dynamic adaptions of the production plan was researched to achieve the recalculation of model predictions. The simulation test on industrial data demonstrated the accuracy of the model in predicting dynamic oxygen demand and provided a basis for demand planning and real-time scheduling.
Article
Mechanics
Caitlin D. Carmody, Rebecca C. Mueller, Benjamin Michael Grodner, Ondrej Chlumsky, James N. Wilking, Scott G. McCalla
Summary: The FDA recommends against washing raw chicken due to the risk of pathogen transfer through splashed water droplets. However, research confirms that bacteria can indeed be transferred from the surface of raw chicken through splashing. Other factors such as faucet height, flow type, and surface stiffness also affect splashing height and distance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nirmal Madhavan, Geoffrey A. Brooks, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Bapin K. Rout, Aart Overbosch
Summary: Generated droplets in a basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process play a crucial role in heat transfer, but there have been limited studies on droplet heat transfer. This study develops a global droplet heat transfer model by considering both kinetic and dynamic aspects, and predicts the temperature evolution of different zones during the blowing period. The results show the high temperature range of the hot spot and the efficiency of heat transfer by droplets.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Peng Li, Xiangyang Li, Hongwei Guo, Bingji Yan, Dong Chen, Wei Zhao, Seshadri Seetharaman
Summary: Environmentally friendly energy harvesting can be achieved through H2O thermochemical treatment of steelmaking slags. The reactivity and phase transformations of different iron species in slags have significant effects on H2 production. The kinetics of H2O splitting reactions of various iron compounds were explored.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Optics
Oliver Graydon
Summary: Optics is being used for fast optical wireless data transmission in underwater environments for remote-operated vehicles and divers. Boon Ooi from KAUST, a leading researcher in underwater photonics research, discusses this technology.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Dazhi Wang, Yanping Bao, Fang Gao, Lidong Xing
Summary: A hybrid model is developed in this paper to predict the oxygen consumption in the converter during steelmaking process. The model combines mechanism model and statistical model to improve the prediction accuracy.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Juan Henriques, Pedro M. Castro, Rui Dias, Bruno Magalhaes, Marco Estrela
Summary: Steelmaking and ferrous metal processing are crucial for social and financial growth, but traditional processes generate hazardous wastes. Industries are adopting green procedures to treat and extract value from these wastes. This paper reviews industrial processes and summarizes recent industrial synergies and recovery technologies.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nirmal Madhavan, Geoffrey Brooks, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Adam Bordignon
Summary: The steelmaking process is energy-intensive and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The study analyzes the impact of the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process on global warming potential (GWP) and identifies increasing scrap percentage as an effective way to reduce CO2 emissions. However, there are potential issues associated with increased scrap usage.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Liang Yin, E. Jiaqiang, Jie Ding
Summary: This study investigated the combustion characteristics of a splash platelet injector and analyzed the influence of its structural parameters. The results showed nonuniform temperature distribution near the injector faceplate and the formation of large corner recirculation zones. The combustion length decreased as the nondimensional parameter increased. The nozzle space had some impact on the combustion characteristics, while the scale factor had little effect on the component and temperature distribution.
JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xinwei Xu, Yingjian Huang, Qiuqing Zhu, Anran Zuo, Hui Cang, Yongming Tang
Summary: Simulated splash corrosion of Q345D low-alloy steel and conducted in-situ electrochemical measurements. In the early stage of splash corrosion, the corrosion rate in the low splash zone is significantly higher than that in the high splash zone, but the difference in corrosion rate becomes slight in the later stage under different splash amounts. Compared to high splash amount, corrosion under low splash amount is more localized. The density of rust layers in the splash zone increases with time, and the rust layers are mainly composed of Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 phase with a small amount of α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Bogdan Nenchev, Chinnapat Panwisawas, Xiaoan Yang, Jun Fu, Zihui Dong, Qing Tao, Jean-Christophe Gebelin, Andrew Dunsmore, Hongbiao Dong, Ming Li, Biao Tao, Fucun Li, Jintong Ru, Fang Wang
Summary: The steel industry utilizes sensors and artificial intelligence to process large amounts of data, optimizing process-performance and predicting product quality. This contributes to the digitalization of the steel industry.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ming Lv, Shuangping Chen, Lingzhi Yang, Guangsheng Wei
Summary: This article reviews the types, applications, and development direction of converter steelmaking injection technology. Gas-slag-metal three-phase emulsification is achieved by injecting gas, which plays a key role in metallurgical tasks such as slag removal, dephosphorization, decarburization, and heating. Accelerating the innovation of converter steelmaking injection technology, particularly the improvement and breakthrough of efficient, environmentally friendly, and long-lasting technology, is crucial for the transformation and improvement of the steel industry.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
S. Purohit, G. Brooks, M. A. Rhamdhani, M. I. Pownceby, N. A. S. Webster
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2020)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Augusta Martinelli Miranda, Paulo Santos Assis, Geoffrey Alan Brooks, Muhammad Akbar Rhamdhani, Andrea Fontana, Alister King, Gerald Sanders, Gabriela Paula da Costa Moreira
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2019)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
S. Purohit, G. Brooks, M. A. Rhamdhani, M. Pownceby, N. A. S. Webster
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2020)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Nirmal Madhavan, G. A. Brooks, M. A. Rhamdhani, B. K. Rout, A. Overbosch
Summary: Utilizing mass and energy balance models, important parameters in steelmaking processes can be calculated. The study highlights the significance of the scrap to hot metal ratio in optimizing the oxygen steelmaking process. Results were validated and represented using a nomogram, providing a simple way for plant operators to estimate important process parameters.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Matthew Shaw, Matthew Humbert, Geoffrey Brooks, Akbar Rhamdhani, Alan Duffy, Mark Pownceby
Summary: This paper reviews the challenges of metal extraction and processing on the lunar surface, emphasizing the need for simplified processing flows and cost-saving methods. It suggests that significant research efforts are required before industrial-sized extra-terrestrial mineral processing and metal extraction operations can be viable.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nirmal Madhavan, Geoffrey Brooks, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Adam Bordignon
Summary: The steelmaking process is energy-intensive and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The study analyzes the impact of the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process on global warming potential (GWP) and identifies increasing scrap percentage as an effective way to reduce CO2 emissions. However, there are potential issues associated with increased scrap usage.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Geoffrey A. Brooks
Summary: This study investigates the thermodynamics behavior of ga in copper and slag at black copper smelting conditions. It found that reducing oxygen partial pressure, increasing temperature, Fe-T/SiO2 ratio, and basicity can increase the partitioning of Ga into the copper phase.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jason Heenatimulla, Geoffrey A. Brooks, Michelle Dunn, David Sly, Rod Snashall, Wang Leung
Summary: The control of slag foam in the BOF process is challenging, and acoustic analysis is a promising method for measuring slag foam height indirectly. Various studies have been conducted to analyze the behavior of sound in liquid foams and determine slag foam height in the BOF process. The accuracy of current systems in detecting and predicting slopping events is reported to be around 70% to 87%. There is a need for further investigation into the behavior of sound in dynamic foams and the comparison between cold model data and industrial data.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nirmal Madhavan, Geoffrey A. Brooks, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Bapin K. Rout, Aart Overbosch
Summary: Generated droplets in a basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process play a crucial role in heat transfer, but there have been limited studies on droplet heat transfer. This study develops a global droplet heat transfer model by considering both kinetic and dynamic aspects, and predicts the temperature evolution of different zones during the blowing period. The results show the high temperature range of the hot spot and the efficiency of heat transfer by droplets.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Matthew S. Humbert, Geoffrey A. Brooks, Alan R. Duffy, Chad Hargrave, M. Akbar Rhamdhani
Summary: This study aggregates previous empirical models for physical properties of mixtures of molten oxides and illustrates the dramatic variations of these properties during electrolysis and across the lunar surface. The new framework provided in this work allows for more accurate evaluation of system performance for Molten Regolith Electrolysis (MRE) system designers.
PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Isis R. Ignacio, Geoffrey Brooks, Mark Pownceby, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Willian John Rankin, Nathan A. S. Webster
Summary: Porosity plays a crucial role in determining the reducibility of sinter materials, and the presence of SFCA bonding phases is not necessary to achieve high reducibility.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Matthew G. G. Shaw, Matthew S. S. Humbert, Geoffrey A. A. Brooks, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Alan R. R. Duffy, Mark I. I. Pownceby
Summary: In this study, the vacuum sublimation kinetics of the volatile oxides Na2O, K2O, and FeO in lunar regolith were evaluated for the extraction of metals. Factors such as temperature-induced evaporation flux change and sintering-related surface area reduction were taken into account. The results showed that there was no local maximum in the evaporation rate below the melting point, and the highest sublimation rate was determined to be 1200 degrees C for all species. It was also found that the predicted maximum sublimation rates differed significantly from the measured values.
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Ahmad Rizky Rhamdani, Muhammad Akbar Rhamdhani, Geoffrey Brooks, Mark I. I. Pownceby, Yudi Nugraha Thaha, Trevor B. B. Abbott, John Grandfield, Chris Hartley
Summary: Rare Earth (RE) elements are used as alloying agents to enhance the properties of Al or Mg light metal (LM) alloys. The current method of producing Al/Mg-RE alloys involves melting Al or Mg with the necessary RE metal, but the high cost of RE metals limits their application. Extensive studies have been conducted to find alternative production methods to make RE alloys more efficient and cost-effective. This study provides a comprehensive overview of alternative production methods, including metallothermic reactions, multistage reduction of RE compounds, and electrolysis. The study also discusses ongoing and future research recommendations for Al/Mg-RE alloys and their industrial implications.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
M. Shahabuddin, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. A. Brooks
Summary: This article discusses the technoeconomics of hydrogen generation, transportation, compression, and storage in Australia, focusing on the cost and performance parameters of hydrogen generation and the economic analysis of compression, transportation, and storage. The study finds that reducing pressure and increasing temperature can improve the performance of electrolyzers. The results suggest that the levelized cost of hydrogen is expected to decrease in the future.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
E. Barberio, T. Baroncelli, L. J. Bignell, I. Bolognino, G. Brooks, F. Dastgiri, G. D'Imperio, A. Di Giacinto, A. R. Duffy, M. Froehlich, G. Fu, M. S. M. Gerathy, G. C. Hill, S. Krishnan, G. J. Lane, G. Lawrence, K. T. Leaver, I. Mahmood, A. Mariani, P. Mcgee, L. J. Mckie, P. C. Mcnamara, M. Mews, W. J. D. Melbourne, G. Milana, L. J. Milligan, J. Mould, F. Nuti, V. Pettinacci, F. Scutti, Z. Slavkovska, N. J. Spinks, O. Stanley, A. E. Stuchbery, G. N. Taylor, C. Tomei, P. Urquijo, C. Vignoli, A. G. Williams, Y. Y. Zhong, M. J. Zurowski
Summary: SABRE is a direct detection dark matter experiment based on NaI(Tl) crystals, aiming to validate the results of the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. This paper focuses on SABRE South and presents a detailed simulation and background estimation, expecting to exclude (confirm) DAMA/LIBRA modulation at a 4(5)sigma level within 2.5 years.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2023)