Article
Physics, Applied
M. Rosner, D. Beck, P. Fierlinger, H. Filter, C. Klau, F. Kuchler, P. Roessner, M. Sturm, D. Wurm, Z. Sun
Summary: We report on a nonmagnetic drift stable optically pumped cesium magnetometer with high sensitivity and stability, suitable for experiments in low-energy particle physics.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. F. Cooper, C. Rasor, R. G. Bullis, A. D. Brandt, D. C. Yost
Summary: This article demonstrates the control of the motional degrees of freedom of a cryogenic hydrogen atomic beam using an accelerating optical lattice. The method involves loading metastable atoms from a cryogenic beam into a moving optical lattice, decelerating the lattice, and observing a corresponding deceleration of the atoms. In the experiment, hydrogen atoms are decelerated by about 20 m/s in a 40 ns slowing cycle, with a peak acceleration of 4 x 10^8 m/s^2. This technique provides a robust platform for the motional control of hydrogen, as the optical lattice is governed by standard optoelectronics.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
F. S. Mozer, O. V. Agapitov, J. C. Kasper, R. Livi, O. Romeo, I. Y. Vasko
Summary: The aim of this study is to determine the perpendicular and parallel proton heating rates in the solar wind. By removing the speed dependence, the perpendicular and parallel temperatures of protons were compared to the radial dependence. Perpendicular heating of protons was observed between 20 and 160 solar radii, while there was no heating or cooling of parallel protons below 70 solar radii. The heating rates that produced the perpendicular temperatures were estimated at different distances from the Sun.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Alex Mirabal, Scott Calabrese Barton
Summary: Research demonstrates that atomic force microscopy-based SECM technology can measure concentration profiles around active surfaces, but the presence of the tip can distort these profiles, affecting the chemical behavior at the catalytic surface. By inversely fitting data, kinetic and geometric parameters characterizing the tip effect can be derived, and the tip effects can be removed in the model.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Fisheries
B. Sobradillo, G. Boyra, I Perez-Arjona, U. Martinez, V Espinosa
Summary: This study conducted measurements of the dorsal aspect target strength and TS-length relationships for European anchovy in the Bay of Biscay over seven years, showing statistically significant relationships at different frequencies. The results were consistent across seasons and between in situ and ex situ conditions, providing important data for updating the acoustic assessment methodology of European anchovy.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Allan H. Lerner, Michelle J. Muth, Paul J. Wallace, Antonio Lanzirotti, Matthew Newville, Glenn A. Gaetani, Proteek Chowdhury, Rajdeep Dasgupta
Summary: The use of synchrotron-based mu XANES spectroscopy for determining redox conditions in silicate melts has been shown to be susceptible to beam damage in melt inclusions, requiring repeated rapid analyses and correction techniques. By accurately measuring the valence states of iron and sulfur, important insights into the properties of volcanic melts can be gained.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Philip J. Potts, Mike Sargent
Summary: Hand-held X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrumentation is commonly used in problem solving applications. In situ measurements provide cheap and rapid results, but interpretations must be careful to avoid misleading outcomes. Understanding the depth of the XRF excited volume, data interpretation near detection limits, and factors affecting uncertainty budget are important for the proper use of XRF data.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
P. G. S. Dias, M. A. F. Biscassi, P. H. N. Magnani, R. F. Shiozaki, Ph W. Courteille, R. Celistrino Teixeira
Summary: In this article, the collimation of a strontium atomic beam emerging from an array of microtubes at the output of an atomic oven is measured through characterization of beam fluorescence caused by a monochromatic laser beam nearby resonance with a strontium electronic transition. A theoretical model is developed to calculate the total fluorescence rate as a function of collimation, atomic oven temperature, and laser frequency, taking into account collision effects between atoms and atoms with recipient walls. The method and theory presented are useful for laboratories interested in implementing similar atomic sources for experiments with atomic beams or cold atomic samples.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Florian Huber, Dominic Bartels, Michael Schmidt
Summary: High entropy or multi principal element alloys are a promising concept for designing alloys, and the feasibility of producing refractory metal high entropy alloys through laser-based additive manufacturing has been investigated in this study. In-situ alloy formation from elemental powders is shown to achieve complete fusion of powder mixtures, with relative densities of up to 99.8% possible. The microstructure of the samples can be controlled to some extent by selecting favorable process parameters.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Takehiko Ishikawa, Paul-Francois Paradis, Chihiro Koyama
Summary: Conventional methods are ineffective for processing high melting temperature oxides, resulting in limited knowledge of their thermophysical properties. The electrostatic levitation furnace on the International Space Station offers a solution by minimizing sample deformation and internal flows, allowing for more accurate measurements of thermophysical properties.
FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
R. Auguste, M. O. Liedke, M. Butterling, B. P. Uberuaga, F. A. Selim, A. Wagner, P. Hosemann
Summary: Radiation-induced property changes in materials are caused by energy transfer from incoming particles to the lattice, leading to atom displacement and the formation of extended defects. The extent of these defects depends on dose rate, material, and temperature. This study provides direct experimental evidence of non-equilibrium vacancy formation in silicon through in situ positron annihilation spectroscopy.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kun Wang, Danyue Ma, Siran Li, Yanan Gao, Jinji Sun
Summary: The near-zero magnetic field condition is crucial for the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime in atomic magnetometers. This study analyzed the output response variations of a dual-beam SERF magnetometer under different DC residual magnetic fields. A novel method of simultaneous in-situ compensation of gradient and DC residual magnetic field with high precision was proposed, effectively reducing residual magnetic fields by 1 nT. Experimental results demonstrated a gradient residual magnetic field compensation precision better than 2 pT/mm. The proposed method significantly improved the magnetic field measurement sensitivity to 7 fT/Hz^1/2, four times higher than without compensation.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Jonathan P. Conway, Jakob Abermann, Liss M. Andreassen, Mohd Farooq Azam, Nicolas J. Cullen, Noel Fitzpatrick, Rianne H. Giesen, Kirsty Langley, Shelley MacDonell, Thomas Moelg, Valentina Radic, Carleen H. Reijmer, Jean-Emmanuel Sicart
Summary: Clouds play a crucial role in the climate system and their impact on glacier melt varies in different climates. By analyzing datasets from 16 mountain glaciers around the world, this study reveals the complex relationships between clouds, meteorology, radiation, and surface energy balance. The results highlight the importance of considering the effect of clouds on net radiation when assessing glacier response to climate change.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hongjun Ye, Siwei Gui, Zaifa Wang, Jingzhao Chen, Qiunan Liu, Xuedong Zhang, Peng Jia, Yushu Tang, Tingting Yang, Congcong Du, Lin Geng, Hui Li, Qiushi Dai, Yongfu Tang, Liqiang Zhang, Hui Yang, Jianyu Huang
Summary: The solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) is a crucial but poorly understood component in rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Recent research has utilized various techniques to evaluate the mechanical properties of SEI materials, providing new insights into their importance and mechanical behavior.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
W. Scandale, G. Arduini, F. Cerutti, M. D'Andrea, L. S. Esposito, M. Garattini, S. Gilardoni, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, A. Natochii, S. Redaelli, R. Rossi, G. Smirnov, L. Burmistrov, S. Dubos, V Puill, A. Stocchi, F. Addesa, F. Murtas, F. Galluccio, A. D. Kovalenko, A. M. Taratin, A. S. Denisov, Yu A. Gavrikov, Yu M. Ivanov, L. P. Lapina, L. G. Malyarenko, V. V. Skorobogatov, A. G. Afonin, Yu A. Chesnokov, A. A. Durum, V. A. Maisheev, Yu E. Sandomirskiy, A. A. Yanovich, J. Borg, T. James, G. Hall, M. Pesaresi
Summary: The UA9 setup at CERN's SPS was used to validate the double-crystal scenario for measuring the magnetic moments of short-lived baryons in high-energy hadron colliders. Linear and angular actuators were used to position the crystals, while Timepix detectors and high sensitivity Beam Loss Monitors were utilized to observe the deflected beams. Results from linear and angular scans matched those of Monte-Carlo simulations, confirming the efficiency of the method.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Paul J. Gasper, Yanchen Lu, Alexey Y. Nikiforov, Soumendra N. Basu, Srikanth Gopalan, Uday B. Pal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2020)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Ning Sun, Adam Kopper, Rasika Karkare, Randy C. Paffenroth, Diran Apelian
Summary: This paper explores the importance of artificial intelligence in materials processing and the challenges and applications of data science methods in this field. Using foundry and metal casting industries as examples, it discusses the characteristics of foundry data and solutions, illustrates the elements of data science projects through a case study, and outlines the potential impact of data science in materials processing in the future.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METALCASTING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kae Fink, Paul Gasper, Jaclyn E. Coyle, Nathaniel Sunderlin, Shriram Santhanagopalan
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Electrochemistry
Paul Gasper, Kevin Gering, Eric Dufek, Kandler Smith
Summary: The article introduces a novel procedure for automatically identifying reduced-order degradation models, which are statistically validated using cross-validation, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty quantification via bootstrapping, demonstrating that previously known physical relationships can be empirically rediscovered using machine learning.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shiqi Zheng, Rosalia Rementeria, Wenbin Kan, Mingjie Xu, Jin Huang, Yu Huang, Xiaoqing Pan, Diran Apelian, Yongfeng Liang, Junpin Lin, Marcos Perez, Xiaochun Li
Summary: The study introduces a novel concept of nano-treating Fe-Ti-B melts with low volume fraction of nanoparticles to produce high performance high modulus steel. The nano-treated HMS shows significantly higher tensile strength compared to conventionally made counterpart while retaining high Young's modulus and ductility. This new concept demonstrates successful structural refinement in Fe-Ti-B system using nanoparticles, with implications for new manufacturing routes of metals.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Cheng Zhang, Xin Wang, Mingjie Xu, Benjamin E. MacDonald, Rongjie Hong, Chaoyi Zhu, Xueying Dai, Kenneth S. Vecchio, Diran Apelian, Horst Hahn, Julie M. Schoenung, Enrique J. Lavernia
Summary: The concept of high-entropy alloys has expanded the compositional space for alloy design and can be used in the development of superelastic alloys. Research has shown that significant superelastic strains can be achieved in high-entropy alloys through reversible martensitic transformation along specific orientations.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Kandler Smith, Paul Gasper, Andrew M. Colclasure, Yuta Shimonishi, Shuhei Yoshida
Summary: This paper develops a physically justified reduced-order capacity fade model from accelerated aging data for Li-ion NMC cells, investigating the temperature, charge C-rate, depth-of-discharge, and state of charge dependent degradation patterns. The study explores mathematical couplings of different mechanisms to describe calendar aging, cycle aging, and mixed calendar/cycle aging, motivating future work in machine learning for optimal model identification.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Aashutosh Mistry, Ankit Verma, Shashank Sripad, Rebecca Ciez, Valentin Sulzer, Ferran Brosa Planella, Robert Timms, Yumin Zhang, Rachel Kurchin, Philipp Dechent, Weihan Li, Samuel Greenbank, Zeeshan Ahmad, Dilip Krishnamurthy, Alexis M. Fenton, Kevin Tenny, Prehit Patel, Daniel Juarez Robles, Paul Gasper, Andrew Colclasure, Artem Baskin, Corinne D. Scown, Venkat R. Subramanian, Edwin Khoo, Srikanth Allu, David Howey, Steven DeCaluwe, Scott A. Roberts, Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Electrochemistry
Peter M. Attia, Alexander Bills, Ferran Brosa Planella, Philipp Dechent, Goncalo dos Reis, Matthieu Dubarry, Paul Gasper, Richard Gilchrist, Samuel Greenbank, David Howey, Ouyang Liu, Edwin Khoo, Yuliya Preger, Abhishek Soni, Shashank Sripad, Anna G. Stefanopoulou, Valentin Sulzer
Summary: This article reviews the phenomenon of "knees" in the aging trajectories of lithium-ion batteries and discusses their pathways, key design and usage sensitivities, as well as the challenges and opportunities for knee modeling and prediction.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Paul Gasper, Nils Collath, Holger C. Hesse, Andreas Jossen, Kandler Smith
Summary: In this study, a machine-learning assisted model identification method is used to fit battery aging data, resulting in a model with approximately half the mean absolute error of a human expert model. The accuracy of the model is validated by comparing predictions to actual test results through conversion to a state-equation form. The results of this study demonstrate that the use of the new model identification method reduces uncertainty in life prediction and enables more confident estimates of energy storage system lifetime.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Doruk Aksoy, Megan J. McCarthy, Ian Geiger, Diran Apelian, Horst Hahn, Enrique J. Lavernia, Jian Luo, Huolin Xin, Timothy J. Rupert
Summary: This study uses atomistic modeling to simulate a high-temperature alloy and investigates the influence of interfacial segregation and chemical short-range ordering on grain boundary behavior. The results show that there are extended segregation zones near the boundaries, exhibiting chemical patterning and structural transitions. The widths of these regions are affected by grain size and temperature. Additionally, the analysis of chemical short-range order reveals that only certain elemental clustering types are more likely to be present near specific boundaries, emphasizing the increased chemical complexity in these near-boundary segregation zones.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Ian Geiger, Jian Luo, Enrique J. Lavernia, Penghui Cao, Diran Apelian, Timothy J. Rupert
Summary: Refractory multi-principal element alloys with excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures have attracted increasing attention. This study investigates the segregation trends and underlying structural and chemical driving factors in the grain boundaries of NbMoTaW alloys using atomistic simulations. The complex interplay between local grain boundary structure and chemical short-range ordering is highlighted, suggesting tunable segregation and chemical ordering by tailoring the grain boundary structure in multi-principal element alloys.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chengjian Xu, Paul Behrens, Paul Gasper, Kandler Smith, Mingming Hu, Arnold Tukker, Bernhard Steubing
Summary: The energy transition requires the rapid deployment of renewable energy and electric vehicles. Electric vehicle batteries can provide short-term grid storage, with a technical capacity of 32-62 terawatt-hours by 2050. A participation rate of 12%-43% is needed to meet global short-term grid storage demand.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Paul Gasper, Andrew Schiek, Kandler Smith, Yuta Shimonishi, Shuhei Yoshida
Summary: This study predicts battery health using machine learning models based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data, eliminating the need for additional sensors or time-consuming performance measurements. Various machine learning methods and feature extraction techniques are explored to accurately predict battery capacity.
CELL REPORTS PHYSICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
M. Ross Kunz, Eric J. Dufek, Zonggen Yi, Kevin L. Gering, Matthew G. Shirk, Kandler Smith, Bor-Rong Chen, Qiang Wang, Paul Gasper, Randy L. Bewley, Tanvir R. Tanim
Summary: Using data analysis methods such as machine learning can accelerate the battery performance validation process, and it is possible to predict battery performance using only a small amount of cycling data during training, but relying solely on cycling data for battery lifetime analysis may have limitations.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2021)
