Article
Immunology
Kuan-Hua Chu, Szu-Yu Lin, Bor-Luen Chiang
Summary: STAT6 plays a critical role in the generation of Treg-of-B cells, while Peyer's patch B cells are essential in regulatory T cell generation. IL-4 acts downstream of phosphorylated STAT6, maintaining the survival of Treg-of-B cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yael Delgado-Ramirez, Angel Ocana-Soriano, Yadira Ledesma-Soto, Jonadab E. Olguin, Joselin Hernandez-Ruiz, Luis I. Terrazas, Sonia Leon-Cabrera
Summary: In the context of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), the absence of STAT6 led to reduced tumor growth and increased Treg cell numbers, thus inhibiting tumorigenesis. The involvement of STAT6 in regulating Treg cells may offer potential for modulating immune responses in colitis and CAC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Paola de Candia, Claudio Procaccini, Claudia Russo, Maria Teresa Lepore, Giuseppe Matarese
Summary: Regulatory T cells, as key metabolic sensors, play a crucial role in controlling immune state and have promising therapeutic potential for autoimmune and metabolic disorders.
Article
Immunology
Ruben D. Arroyo-Olarte, Ana Rivera-Rugeles, Eduardo Nava-Lira, Angel Sanchez-Barrera, Yadira Ledesma-Soto, Rafael Saavedra, Leonel Armas-Lopez, Luis Terrazas, Federico Avila-Moreno, Sonia Leon-Cabrera
Summary: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) promotes tumorigenesis in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by decreasing the frequency of Foxp3+ cells and allowing for the infiltration of inflammatory cells. The study found that STAT6 plays a crucial role in the generation of inducible in vitro regulatory T cells (iTregs) and peripheral in vivo Tregs (pTregs) under inflammatory conditions. STAT6 deficiency led to stable iTregs phenotype, increased suppressive ability, and overexpression of PD-1, CTLA-4, and Foxp3, as well as decreased IFN-gamma expression. In a mouse model of CAC, STAT6-/- pTregs exhibited an activated phenotype, higher suppressive capacity, and increased expression of PD-1 and LAP, contributing to the attenuation of tumor development.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Fabienne Burger, Kapka Miteva, Daniela Baptista, Aline Roth, Rodrigo A. Fraga-Silva, Catherine Martel, Nikolaos Stergiopulos, Francois Mach, Karim J. Brandt
Summary: The study shows that follicular regulatory helper T cells (T-FR) can control regulatory B cell (B-REG) populations in mice models on a high-cholesterol diet, leading to the suppression of proatherogenic processes. This suggests that T-FR cells may have atheroprotective effects by modulating immune processes related to atherosclerosis.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yuzhi Lu, Ni Xia, Xiang Cheng
Summary: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in the development of chronic heart failure, suppressing excessive inflammatory responses and promoting stable scar formation in the early stage of heart injury. However, in chronic heart failure, the functions and phenotypes of Tregs change, transforming into a cell type that is harmful to the heart.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nicolas Krause, Joerg Mengwasser, Elpida Phithak, Francisca Beato, Marc Appis, Edgar Louis Milford, Johan Pratschke, Igor Sauer, Anja Kuehl, Arndt Vogel, Michael Goodyear, Linda Hammerich, Frank Tacke, Johanna Faith Haas, Tobias Mueller, Nalan Utku
Summary: IR1 cells are a subset of T regulatory cells that have immune suppressive functions and can inhibit proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions. They deliver regulatory signals by binding to their ligand, HLA-DR alpha 2, and have the potential to modulate immune dysregulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Noriko Sato, Richard N. Bamford, Bonita R. Bryant, Yutaka Tagaya, Thomas A. Waldmann
Summary: When purified, naive T cells and regulatory T cells could not proliferate to the γC-cytokines IL-2, IL-7, or IL-15, despite expressing the cognate cytokine receptors. However, dendritic cells enabled their proliferation through cell-to-cell contact, independent of T cell receptor stimulation. This preconditioning effect activated specific cellular pathways and facilitated cytokine-mediated proliferation of T cells.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Payal Grover, Peeyush N. Goel, Mark I. Greene
Summary: T regulatory cells employ various immunosuppressive mechanisms to limit immune responses, including secretion of cytokines, cell cytolysis, metabolic perturbation, guiding antigen-presenting cell function, etc.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Hiroshi Kato, Andras Perl
Summary: IL-2 treatment can expand Treg cell population while also potentially increasing pro-inflammatory cells, showing varying effects on SLE patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Huan Wang, Zhao Wang, Qianqian Wu, Yujia Yuan, Wen Cao, Xiangjian Zhang
Summary: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and neuroplasticity process of ischemic stroke through various mechanisms. However, it remains unclear whether Tregs have a beneficial or deleterious effect in ischemic stroke and their specific roles in different stages are not well understood.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Fatemeh Bayati, Mahsa Mohammadi, Maryam Valadi, Saeid Jamshidi, Arron Munggela Foma, Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
Summary: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subgroup of CD4(+) T cells that play a key role in immune tolerance regulation, preventing autoimmunity and aiding tumor evasion of immune recognition. Their therapeutic potential in transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer therapy is being actively studied for improving treatment options.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Nengqi Lin, Wei Yin, Heather Miller, Maria G. Byazrova, Andres A. Herrada, Kamel Benlagha, Pamela Lee, Fei Guan, Jiahui Lei, Quan Gong, Youqing Yan, Alexander Filatov, Chaohong Liu
Summary: Hepatitis B has become a major health threat worldwide, particularly in developing countries and regions. Infection with hepatitis B virus significantly increases the risk of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and cancer. The immune response against hepatitis B is mainly regulated by CD8+ T cells, which play a key role in fighting viral infections, while regulatory T cells prevent excessive immune response. Additionally, follicular T helper cells have a critical role in B-cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and the formation of germinal centers. The development of hepatitis B virus is generally associated with immune system disorders or dysfunctions. This review focuses on the important functions and biological processes of regulatory T cells and follicular T helper cells during HBV infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natasa Kustrimovic, Daniela Gallo, Eliana Piantanida, Luigi Bartalena, Adriana Lai, Nicola Zerbinati, Maria Laura Tanda, Lorenzo Mortara
Summary: Maintaining the delicate balance between immune response and tolerance is crucial for health. T regulatory cells play a pivotal role in preserving self-tolerance and suppressing inflammation. In Graves' disease, these cells are likely impaired or reduced in frequency. Understanding the role of Tregs in Graves' disease is important for developing new treatment strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jeongsoo Hur, Hyelee Kim, Uijin Kim, Gi-Beom Kim, Jinho Kim, Byeongju Joo, Duck Cho, Dong-Sung Lee, Aram J. Chung
Summary: In this study, a nonviral T cell nanoengineering system was developed for highly efficient delivery of functional nanomaterials into primary human T cells. The system utilizes cell deformation and restoration induced by inertial flow in a microchannel, creating nanopores in the cellular membrane for effective transfection. This approach shows potential as an alternative technique for improving CAR-T cell manufacturing.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jabar Babatunde Pacome Achimi Agbo Abdul, Bayode Romeo Adegbite, Micheska Epola Dibamba Ndanga, Jean Ronald Edoa, Rhett Chester Mevyann, Guy Rogue Arnault Ibinda Mfoumbi, Tshisekedi Jean de Dieu, Jocelyn Mahoumbou, Christopher Mebiame Biyogho, Sankarganesh Jeyaraj, Stefan Niemann, Bertrand Lell, Peter Gottfried Kremsner, Abraham Sunday Alabi, Ayola Akim Adegnika, Martin Peter Grobusch
Summary: The increasing incidence of MDR-TB infection in Gabon is alarming, especially among individuals aged 25-35. There is a need for improvement in case finding and contact tracing strategies for treatment-naive MDR-TB patients.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Oriol Mitja, Gilmar Reis, David R. Boulware, Adam M. Spivak, Ammar Sarwar, Christine Johnston, Brandon Webb, Michael D. Hill, Davey Smith, Peter Kremsner, Marla Curran, David Carter, Jim Alexander, Marc Corbacho, Todd C. Lee, Katherine Huppler Hullsiek, Emily G. McDonald, Rachel Hess, Michael Hughes, Jared M. Baeten, Ilan Schwartz, Luanne Metz, Lawrence Richer, Kara W. Chew, Eric Daar, David Wohl, Michael Dunne
Summary: This study conducted a pooled analysis of individual participant data from 11 randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in outpatients with mild COVID-19. The results suggest that HCQ does not show significant effects on viral clearance and hospitalization rate, and therefore, the use of HCQ in mild COVID-19 outpatients should be discontinued to reduce the risk of disease progression.
CTS-CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yolanda Augustin, Henry M. Staines, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Peter G. Kremsner, Sanjeev Krishna
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to global research on drug repurposing, focusing on antiviral therapies, anti-inflammatory agents, antithrombotic agents, and immune modulators. Corticosteroids and immunomodulators targeting IL-6 receptors have been shown to be effective in improving clinical outcomes. Other drugs under investigation include antidiabetic, antimalarial, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antidepressant drugs.
BRITISH MEDICAL BULLETIN
(2023)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Francine Ntoumi, Peter G. Kremsner, Shui Shan Lee, Christian G. Meyer
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Esam I. Azhar, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Ikrormi Rungsung, Tieble Traore, David S. Hui, Brian McCloskey, Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Alimuddin Zumla
Summary: This study analyzed the infection and epidemiological characteristics of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in humans and camels from January 1, 2012 to August 3, 2022. It found that MERS-CoV remains a threat to global health security, with ongoing infections in humans and camels. Proactive surveillance of MERS-CoV infections and variants in camels and humans, as well as the development of a MERS vaccine, are essential for epidemic preparedness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Gedeon Prince Manouana, Paul Alvyn Nguema-Moure, Alexandru Tomazatos, Moustapha Nzamba Maloum, C. -Thomas Bock, Peter G. G. Kremsner, Thirumalaisamy P. P. Velavan, Akim Ayola Adegnika, Sandra Niendorf
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the rapid rotavirus test compared to the one-step RT-qPCR method. The results showed that the rapid test had high sensitivity and was suitable for detecting rotavirus A in patients with gastroenteritis, especially in low-income countries.
Letter
Pediatrics
Constanze Heinzel, Yudi T. Pinilla, Ayla Binder, Peter G. Kremsner, Jana Held, Rolf Fendel, Andrea Kreidenweiss
Article
Microbiology
Tina Krueger, Moses Ikegbunam, Abel Lissom, Thaisa Lucas Sandri, Jacques Dollon Mbama Ntabi, Jean Claude Djontu, Marcel Tapsou Baina, Romeo Aime Laclong Lontchi, Moustapha Maloum, Givina Zang Ella, Romuald Agonhossou, Romaric Akoton, Luc Djogbenou, Steffen Borrmann, Jana Held, Francine Ntoumi, Ayola Akim Adegnika, Peter Gottfried Kremsner, Andrea Kreidenweiss
Summary: The frequency of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deleted strains in Central and West Africa was assessed and found to be low, indicating a low risk of false-negative results in HRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests. However, continuous monitoring is crucial due to the potential for rapid changes in this scenario to ensure the suitability of RDTs for malaria diagnostics.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nithya Babu Rajendran, Fabiana Arieti, Carla Alejandra Mena-Benitez, Liliana Galia, Maela Tebon, Julio Alvarez, Beryl Primrose Gladstone, Lucie Collineau, Giulia De Angelis, Raquel Duro, William Gaze, Siri Goepel, Souha S. Kanj, Annemarie Kaesbohrer, Direk Limmathurotsakul, Estibaliz Lopez de Abechuco, Elena Mazzolini, Nico T. Mutters, Maria Diletta Pezzani, Elisabeth Presterl, Hanna Renk, Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, Oana Sandulescu, Federico Scali, Robert Skov, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Cuong Vuong, Evelina Tacconelli
Summary: Strategic and standardised approaches are crucial for analyzing and reporting surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and informing antibiotic policies. This paper describes a multidisciplinary initiative involving experts from the human, animal, and environmental sectors to develop proposals for structuring and reporting full-scale AMR and antimicrobial consumption/antimicrobial residue surveillance data. The recommendations from this study can support national and regional plans to reduce resistance rates and promote a One Health approach to antimicrobial policy.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Aleksey V. Katokhin, Irina V. Saltykova, Claudio De Liberato, Rolf Schuster, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
Summary: Opisthorchis felineus is a trematode that mainly affects the liver and bile ducts, causing opisthorchiosis and potentially leading to cholangiocarcinoma. Little is known about the genetic structure of this parasite, but this study used microsatellite loci to investigate its genetic diversity and population structure. Analysis revealed at least three distinct populations and proposed a hypothesis about the formation of the present habitat of O. felineus.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Virology
Le Chi Cao, Vanessa Martin, Le Thi Kieu Linh, Tran Thi Giang, Ngo Thi Minh Chau, Ton Nu Phuong Anh, Vu Xuan Nghia, Nguyen Trong The, Truong Nhat My, Bui Tien Sy, Nguyen Linh Toan, Le Huu Song, C. -Thomas Bock, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
Summary: The prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the Vietnamese population is underestimated. A study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of HEV antibodies and the presence of HEV RNA in blood donors. The results showed a high prevalence of HEV antibodies, with a higher risk in older individuals. Although HEV viraemia was not found in blood donors from Northern Vietnam, further surveillance is needed in other regions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jule Ayran, Carsten Koehler, Le Thi Kieu Linh, Gisela Schneider, Srinivas Reddy Pallerla, Florian Battke, Lisa Federle, Peter Martus, Peter G. Kremsner, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
Summary: Despite contact restrictions, population mobility remains the main reason for the spread of SARS-CoV-2. A model study in Tubingen, Germany evaluated the use of mandatory rapid diagnostic tests to reduce transmission. The study found a positive predictive value of 51% and identified the B.1.1.7 lineage as the predominant variant in positive samples.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Letter
Pediatrics
Constanze Heinzel, Yudi T. Pinilla, Ayla Binder, Peter G. Kremsner, Jana Held, Rolf Fendel, Andrea Kreidenweiss
Summary: This cross-sectional study examines IgG antibody levels in children and adolescents in Germany after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hamada S. Badr, Josh M. Colston, Nhat-Lan H. Nguyen, Yen Ting Chen, Eleanor Burnett, Syed Asad Ali, Ajit Rayamajhi, Syed M. Satter, Nguyen Van Trang, Daniel Eibach, Ralf Krumkamp, Juergen May, Ayola Akim Adegnika, Gedeon Prince Manouana, Peter Gottfried Kremsner, Roma Chilengi, Luiza Hatyoka, Amanda K. Debes, Jerome Ateudjieu, Abu S. G. Faruque, M. Jahangir Hossain, Suman Kanungo, Karen L. Kotloff, Inacio Mandomando, M. Imran Nisar, Richard Omore, Samba O. Sow, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Nathalie Lambrecht, Bright Adu, Nicola Page, James A. Platts-Mills, Cesar Mavacala Freitas, Tuula Pelkonen, Per Ashorn, Kenneth Maleta, Tahmeed Ahmed, Pascal Bessong, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Carl Mason, Estomih Mduma, Maribel P. Olortegui, Pablo Penataro Yori, Aldo A. M. Lima, Gagandeep Kang, Jean Humphrey, Robert Ntozini, Andrew J. Prendergast, Kazuhisa Okada, Warawan Wongboot, Nina Langeland, Sabrina J. Moyo, James Gaensbauer, Mario Melgar, Matthew Freeman, Anna N. Chard, Vonethalom Thongpaseuth, Eric Houpt, Benjamin F. Zaitchik, Margaret N. Kosek
Summary: This study aimed to model the spatiotemporal variation in paediatric Shigella infection and predict its prevalence across low-income and middle-income countries. The findings revealed the association between Shigella and climatological factors, with sub-Saharan Africa being a high-risk region for transmission. These findings can guide prioritization of populations for future vaccine trials and campaigns.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
