Review
Geography, Physical
Alessandro Annoni, Stefano Nativi, Arzu Coltekin, Cheryl Desha, Eugene Eremchenko, Caroline M. Gevaert, Gregory Giuliani, Min Chen, Luis Perez-Mora, Joseph Strobl, Stephanie Tumampos
Summary: The concept of Digital Earth (DE) was introduced by Al Gore in 1998 and has since evolved with advancements in digital technologies. The digital transformation has created new opportunities and challenges for DE. Examining the past lessons and identifying scientific and technological challenges are essential for achieving the goal of a 'Digital Earth for all'.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Dong Wu, Lei Li, Zhun Wen, Guangbin Wang
Summary: Osteoporosis is a global burden, especially among older individuals. While there are various medications available for treatment, they come with limitations and adverse events. Romosozumab, a novel drug, shows promising results in treating osteoporosis but is also accompanied by controversy.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Maria Capa, Elena Kupriyanova, Joao Miguel de Matos Nogueira, Andreas Bick, Maria Ana Tovar-Hernandez
Summary: This study synthesizes the current knowledge about the diversity of fanworms, their ecological situations, and species richness, while highlighting guidelines for their identification and new methodologies for species delimitation. The research also addresses well-known introduced pest species and their invasive status, as well as evolutionary hypotheses and classification history of Sabellida members. The main aim of this review is to emphasize knowledge gaps and encourage further research in those aspects.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Hector Mayani
Summary: Cellular therapy involves the transfer of healthy cells into a person to correct defective functions. From 1950 to 2010, it mainly involved hematopoietic transplants for hematological disorders. From 2011 to 2023, it has grown significantly with preclinical studies and clinical trials, and is progressing towards becoming a pillar of 21st century medicine. In the future, established cellular therapy modalities will be improved and novel therapies, including iPSCs, will be introduced to clinical practice.
STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Aerospace
A. S. Filatyev, A. A. Golikov, A. I. Erofeev, S. A. Khartov, D. I. Padalitsa, V. V. Skvortsov, O. V. Yanova, A. S. Lovtsov
Summary: This article outlines the main features and key problems in the development of air-breathing electric propulsion (ABEP), emphasizing the qualitative differences between ABEP and its closest predecessor, electric propulsion (EP). The necessary conditions for the long-term maintenance of spacecraft with ABEP in ultra-low orbits (ULEO) are formulated, and the best prospects for EP technologies in future ABEP applications are shown. The article presents estimates of the feasibility of long-term missions in ULEO, including those based on the optimization of spacecraft layout and solar arrays. The main results of spacecraft maneuverability investigations are described, using the results of recent studies and including some historical facts of EP and ABEP technology development that were not widely known.
PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Janaki Iyer, Sangeeth Pillai, Jose G. Munguia-Lopez, Yuli Zhang, Mariia Mielkozorova, Simon D. Tran
Summary: Salivary glands are specialized structures that develop through embryogenesis, guided by growth factors and genetic pathways. Reduction in salivary secretions can lead to xerostomia or salivary hypofunction, adversely affecting the patient's quality of life. Current treatments focus on providing temporary relief, but permanent solutions are still lacking. Tissue engineering shows potential in restoring organ function, including in xerostomia, but faces challenges in replicating complex cellular interactions and genetic pathways. This review provides an overview of in vitro salivary gland research, highlighting bioengineering advances and current therapeutic strategies for salivary hypofunction.
HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jean Debord, Khim Hoong Chu, Michel Harel, Stefano Salvestrini, Jean-Claude Bollinger
Summary: The name of Herbert Freundlich is associated with the relationship between adsorbed amount and concentration in solution. The Freundlich isotherm is considered as the model of choice for correlating experimental adsorption data. However, his 1907 paper was not widely cited until the early 2000s, and those citations were often incorrect. This paper identifies the historical developments of the Freundlich isotherm and discusses its theoretical points, along with suggesting future ideas for exploration.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Li Fan, Wenjie Yang, Wenting Tu, Xiuxiu Zhou, Qin Zou, Hanxiao Zhang, Yan Feng, Shiyuan Liu
Summary: This article reviews the development of thoracic imaging in China from the past to the present and explores future trends, aiming to establish new strategies for further advancement.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC IMAGING
(2022)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Chun Xiang Tang, Zhen Zhou, Jia Yin Zhang, Lei Xu, Bin Lv, Long Jiang Zhang
Summary: This study reviews the development of cardiovascular imaging in China over the past 20 years, focusing on the increasing role of cardiovascular computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of various diseases, as well as the development and future trends of artificial intelligence in cardiovascular imaging.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Olivier Houde
Summary: Psychology has always evolved with the times and will play a critical role in addressing future challenges such as terrorism, environmental threats, and the rise of artificial intelligence.
ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ryan H. Kirkpatrick, J. Gordon Boyd
Summary: Physician scientists play a crucial role in translating biomedical research into clinical care and are a hybrid between physicians and scientists. In the 21st century, they are expected to lead clinical research teams composed of individuals from diverse training backgrounds to connect bedside and bench research effectively. Their impact on their respective medical and scientific fields may be greater than that of non-physician scientists.
CLINICAL AND INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yannick Franzke, Christof H. Holzer, Josefine H. Andersen, Tomislav Begusic, Florian Bruder, Sonia Coriani, Fabio Della Sala, Eduardo Fabiano, Daniil A. Fedotov, Susanne Fuerst, Sebastian Gillhuber, Robin Grotjahn, Martin Kaupp, Max Kehry, Marjan Krstic, Fabian Mack, Sourav Majumdar, Brian D. Nguyen, Shane M. Parker, Fabian Pauly, Ansgar Pausch, Eva Perlt, Gabriel S. Phun, Ahmadreza Rajabi, Dmitrij Rappoport, Bibek Samal, Tim Schrader, Manas Sharma, Enrico Tapavicza, Robert S. Tress, Vamsee Voora, Artur Wodynski, Jason M. Yu, Benedikt Zerulla, Filipp Furche, Christof Haettig, Marek Sierka, David P. Tew, Florian Weigend
Summary: TURBOMOLE is an optimized software suite for large-scale quantum-chemical and materials science simulations. It offers robust and fast applications in various fields, including catalysis, chemistry, spectroscopy, and biochemistry. This Perspective provides an overview of TURBOMOLE's functionality, recent developments, and upcoming features, showcasing its continuous growth and expansion in electronic structure methods, molecular properties, and modeling capabilities.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ge Wang, Mathews Jacob, Xuanqin Mou, Yongyi Shi, Yonina C. Eldar
Summary: This editorial introduces the second special issue of IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging on deep tomographic reconstruction, highlighting the motivation, summary of included papers, and verification of shared deep learning codes. It also discusses important research topics to facilitate further investigation and collaboration in this rapidly emerging field.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Management
Bryan Rodgers, Jiju Antony, Rick Edgeman, Elizabeth A. Cudney
Summary: This paper examines the current state of Lean Six Sigma in the public sector and potential challenges for the future, drawing on academic research, practitioner views, and systematic literature reviews.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT & BUSINESS EXCELLENCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Eric J. Rubin, Lindsey R. Baden, Stephen Morrissey
Summary: This article discusses the shifting benefits of preventive and therapeutic interventions against Covid-19 and explores the potential future scenarios.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Diana L. Madden, Graeme L. Horton, Michelle McLean
Summary: Medical educators and representatives of medical student associations in Australia and New Zealand are collaborating on an initiative focused on climate change and health in medical education.
MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2022)
Editorial Material
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Michelle McLean, Trevor Gibbs
Summary: Climate change poses a significant threat to human health, and international organizations have issued warnings and recommendations. There is an urgent need to integrate climate change and sustainable development into medical education, and teachers and students should work together to ensure universities are responsible in addressing climate change and environmental protection.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Salona Prahladh, Jacqueline Van Wyk
Summary: This research addresses the shortage of forensic pathologists in Africa and the issue of inaccurate paper-based documentation by designing a sustainable, portable, and low-maintenance mobile data application. The application can record autopsy information in real-time and generate statistics and trend reports, positively impacting judicial processes and forensic pathology research.
JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Letasha Kalideen, Pragashnie Govender, Jacqueline Marina van Wyk
Summary: This study provides a summary of evidence on standards and quality of care for older persons in LTCFs globally. Most studies focus on effectiveness of interventions, with limited attention to person-centeredness and safety. The majority of studies are conducted in European countries and the United States of America. Future research should address person-centeredness, safety, and geographical settings with limited or no evidence.
Article
Primary Health Care
Letasha Kalideen, Jacqueline M. Van Wyk, Pragashnie Govender
Summary: The demand for LTCFs is growing amongst older people in South Africa, but there is insufficient information on this population. This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of residents in LTCFs in the eThekwini district, finding that the majority of residents were white, female, christian, widowed, and at intermediate frailty and at risk of malnutrition.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE & FAMILY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Christian Moro, Michelle McLean, Charlotte Phelps
Summary: This study investigated the integration of planetary health concepts into a Physiology subject and explored students' perceptions of this inclusion. The results showed that students appreciated the facts, found them helpful for learning, and were interested in learning about healthcare's environmental impacts. The study provides a simple approach for educators to include planetary health concepts into existing subjects and recommends a brief introduction to enhance students' understanding.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michelle McLean, Charlotte Phelps, Jessica Smith, Neelam Maheshwari, Vineesha Veer, Dayna Bushell, Richard Matthews, Belinda Craig, Christian Moro
Summary: A Code Red has been declared for the planet and human health. Climate change threatens the earth's ecosystems and urgent action is needed to address this existential threat. Bond University in Australia has integrated planetary health into its medical curriculum, allowing learners to develop competencies for global and planetary citizenship. A learner-centered planetary health assignment, aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, has been implemented over five years, with students proposing solutions for climate change and working towards specific SDGs.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Michelle McLean, Arjun Khaira, Charlotte Alexander
Summary: This study investigates the impact of various factors on the professional identity development of medical students, including experiences, learning environment, role models, symbols, and rituals. The findings suggest that symbols and rituals, such as the stethoscope and professional attire, continue to play a significant role in defining the identity of doctors. However, the perception of the stethoscope as a symbol of the medical profession is changing, with other identifiers like lanyards gaining importance.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Katrina Reynolds, Michelle McLean
Summary: This study investigates the preparedness and challenges faced by podiatry clinical supervisors. It found that most supervisors felt prepared despite lacking training and educational support. The study emphasizes the need for universities and clinical supervisors to work together to address these challenges and provide training opportunities.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Deshini Naidoo, Jacqueline Marina Van Wyk
Summary: This study aimed to identify the key competencies required by occupational therapists to deliver appropriate primary healthcare services to communities from previously disadvantaged periurban and rural areas. Data was collected using semistructured interviews, document reviews, and focus group discussions, and a framework based on the university's competency framework was used for data analysis. Findings highlighted the need for graduates to have knowledge of health policies and social determinants of health, as well as skills in culturally sensitive communication and collaboration with stakeholders.
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Surgery
Sumayyah Ebrahim, Enbavani Dorsamy, Jessica Lyn Phillip, Ruvashni Naidoo, Jacqueline Marina Van Wyk
Summary: This scoping review mapped the use of online teaching methods in undergraduate surgical education globally. It found that most studies were from high-income countries and focused on curriculum incorporation, assessment techniques, social media use, virtual reality, microlearning, and surgical skills training. The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in surgical undergraduate training, with video-based instruction being the main online teaching method. The advantages of online teaching included convenience, access to resources, and self-paced learning, while disadvantages were related to poor internet connectivity and infrastructure. Hybrid/blended instruction modes should be explored alongside pure e-learning in medical education.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Michelle McLean, Charlotte Phelps, Christian Moro
Summary: Health professionals are being called on to be advocates for the planet to ensure health and well-being for current and future generations. The design of a team-based Planetary Health Assignment equips learners to use at least two of the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), encouraging them to take action and provide achievable solutions to pressing environmental issues. With a robust design, the assignment provides students with knowledge and experiences on how they can become advocates for a healthy planet and take action on the SDGs.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
K. MacKenzie-Shalders, G. Zadow, K. Hensley-Hackett, S. Marko, M. McLean
Summary: This rapid review aims to describe exemplar frameworks for planetary health education that can be used by health professionals. It identifies a range of methodologies and models used in these frameworks, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations in healthcare and the integration of planetary health education into curricula.
HEALTH PROMOTION JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Sakina Akoob, Khalida Akbar, Jacqueline Van Wyk
Summary: Traditional approaches to postgraduate radiology training need improvement as complex reasoning skills are crucial. This study explores the role of technology in postgraduate radiology education and practice in Africa, finding that telemedicine, blended learning, flipped learning, and digital teaching files are popular technological interventions. However, fiscal and credentialing constraints are still challenging aspects of technology use.
EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Primary Health Care
Saajida Mahomed, Andrew Ross, Jacqueline van Wyk
Summary: This study evaluated the learning, engagement, and experiences of undergraduate medical students and staff at the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine in the training and assessment of third-year research projects. Findings indicate that both students and staff perceived poster presentations as an effective method to assess research skills. Students reported enjoyment in learning about research and that the training activities facilitated their understanding of the research process.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE & FAMILY MEDICINE
(2021)
