Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lowell Dilworth, Aldeam Facey, Felix Omoruyi
Summary: Adipose tissues, particularly brown and white adipose tissues, play key roles in communication and insulin sensitivity in the development and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Adipocytokines produced by adipose tissues, like leptin and adiponectin, vary in conditions such as metabolic dysfunction, diabetes, and inflammation. The regulation of satiety, energy metabolism, and insulin release by adipose tissues indicates their significance in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Charles D. Nicoli, April P. Carson, Timothy B. Plante, D. Leann Long, Leslie A. McClure, Janin Schulte, Mary Cushman
Summary: The stable precursor pro-neurotensin/neuromedin N (pro-NT/NMN) is associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, likely explained by insulin resistance.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Charles D. Nicoli, April P. Carson, Timothy B. Plante, D. Leann Long, Leslie A. McClure, Janin Schulte, Mary Cushman
Summary: The study demonstrates an association between the peptide neurotensin's stable precursor, pro-neurotensin/neuromedin N (pro-NT/NMN), and metabolic syndrome, specifically with dysglycemia and low density lipoprotein, likely attributable to insulin resistance.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maryam Farahmand, Maryam Rahmati, Fereidoun Azizi, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
Summary: This study compared the effect of breastfeeding (BF) in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence. The findings showed that BF, especially exclusive BF, has a protective effect on MetS incidence risk, and it is more effective in reducing the risk of MetS among women with a history of GDM.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Niansi Pan, Shimei Yang, Xiaohong Niu
Summary: This review discusses the prevalence of MetS in LADA and the risk and role of insulin resistance in the development of LADA from the perspectives of inflammatory factors, environmental factors, and the gut microbiota, aiming to improve our understanding of this condition.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marietta Rottenkolber, Christina Gar, Cornelia Then, Lorena Wanger, Vanessa Sacco, Friederike Banning, Anne L. Potzel, Stefanie Kern-Matschilles, Claudia Nevinny-Stickel-Hinzpeter, Harald Grallert, Nina Hesse, Jochen Seissler, Andreas Lechner
Summary: This study re-evaluated the prevailing hypothesis that metabolic syndrome components are central to all cases of T2DM. Results showed that a significant proportion of T2DM cases did not display any components of metabolic syndrome, indicating the existence of a second, unrelated pathophysiology.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shaza B. Zaghlool, Anna Halama, Nisha Stephan, Valborg Gudmundsdottir, Vilmundur Gudnason, Lori L. Jennings, Manonanthini Thangam, Emma Ahlqvist, Rayaz A. Malik, Omar M. E. Albagha, Karsten Suhre, Abdul Badi Abou-Samra
Summary: This study translates T2D subtypes previously identified in European individuals to an Arab population and identifies specific metabolic and proteomic signatures for each subtype, providing further understanding of the pathogenesis of these subtypes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lucia Melguizo-Rodriguez, Victor J. Costela-Ruiz, Enrique Garcia-Recio, Elvira De Luna-Bertos, Concepcion Ruiz, Rebeca Illescas-Montes
Summary: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D has been increasing in developed countries due to lifestyle changes and unhealthy habits. Scientific evidence shows an inverse relationship between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome (MetS), with supplementation helping improve outcomes in individuals with MetS. Maintaining optimal vitamin D concentrations is proposed as a preventive strategy against MetS.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Szu-Yu Lin, Wen-Cheng Li, Ting-An Yang, Yi-Chuan Chen, Wei Yu, Hsiung-Ying Huang, Xue-Jie Xiong, Jau-Yuan Chen
Summary: This study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff point of HOMA-IR for predicting MetS in a healthy Chinese population aged <= 45 years. The findings would provide evidence-based threshold for evaluating metabolic syndromes and implementing primary prevention programs.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fernando Bril, Michael J. McPhaul, Srilaxmi Kalavalapalli, Romina Lomonaco, Diana Barb, Meagan E. Gray, Dov Shiffman, Charles M. Rowland, Kenneth Cusi
Summary: Measuring intact fasting insulin levels by mass spectrometry is an accurate and noninvasive method to predict the presence of NAFLD in patients without diabetes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Phiwayinkosi Dludla, Bongani B. Nkambule, Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje, Tawanda M. Nyambuya, Vuyolwethu Mxinwa, Kabelo Mokgalaboni, Khanyisani Ziqubu, Ilenia Cirilli, Fabio Marcheggiani, Johan Louw, Luca Tiano
Summary: Metformin is widely used for glucose-lowering, promoting weight loss, improving insulin resistance, and reducing levels of adiponectin and resistin, which leads to improvement in patients with metabolic syndrome.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiyong Hu, Xueyuan Zhi, Jiafu Li, Bingyan Li, Jinxiu Wang, Jianliang Zhu, Zengli Zhang
Summary: This randomized controlled trial found that long-term vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum concentrations of non-HDL-C, hs-CRP, and uric acid among middle-aged to elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Vitamin D status, gender, and baseline obesity may modify the effects of vitamin D supplementation.
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jisun Bang, Sang Ah Lee, Gwanpyo Koh, Soyeon Yoo
Summary: This study investigated the association between glucagon to insulin ratio and metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that the fasting glucagon to insulin ratio was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome, indicating a higher risk of metabolic syndrome with lower fasting glucagon to insulin ratio.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gracia Fahed, Laurence Aoun, Morgan Bou Zerdan, Sabine Allam, Maroun Bou Zerdan, Youssef Bouferraa, Hazem I. Assi
Summary: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic dysregulations associated with insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation. If left untreated, it significantly increases the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, many aspects of Metabolic syndrome are still not completely understood, and many questions remain unanswered. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical background, epidemiology, histopathology, pathophysiology, management, and prevention of Metabolic syndrome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yi-Lin Ma, Chun-Hua Jin, Cui-Chun Zhao, Jiang-Feng Ke, Jun-Wei Wang, Yu-Jie Wang, Jun-Xi Lu, Gao-Zhong Huang, Lian-Xi Li
Summary: The study found that WHtR is strongly associated with the diagnosis of MetS and can serve as a simple and practical alternative to waist circumference in diagnosing MetS in T2DM patients. There is high consistency in diagnosing MetS based on WHtR and based on WC in both men and women patients.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeanne E. Conner, Joshua A. Steinberg
Summary: Diagnosis of anaphylaxis should involve comprehensive consideration, including detailed history and objective findings. Using diagnostic criteria and considering rare triggers, as well as evaluating for mast cell disorders, can aid in the diagnosis. Referral to specialists may be necessary.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alejandra Escobar Vasco, Julie -Ann Talano, Larisa Broglie
Summary: HLH is a rare but fatal disease, and maintaining a high level of suspicion is crucial for patients with evidence of hyperinflammation. Adolescents with HLH should undergo genetic evaluation for familial HLH, and primary immune deficiencies and dysregulation disorders should also be considered. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality related to HLH's hyperinflammation.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kathleen Ryan
Summary: Fevers of unknown origin (FUO) present a diagnostic challenge, with a wide range of potential causes including infectious, autoimmune, and malignant. Some adolescents with FUO may never have an identifiable etiology, but the prognosis is generally favorable in the absence of red flag symptoms.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Brett J. Bordini, Ryan D. Walsh, Donald Basel, Tejaswini Deshmukh
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hsi Yen, Leah Lalor
Summary: The article emphasizes the importance of increased awareness among healthcare providers when faced with severe adolescent acne that may not be typical teenage acne. It provides a summary of uncommon causes of severe adolescent acne and a simplified diagnostic approach. Additionally, it discusses rare autoinflammatory syndromic causes of acne and acne associated with excess androgen states.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bethany Auble, Justin Dey
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kaitlin V. Kirkpatrick, James J. Nocton
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Louella Amos
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tracey Thompson, Ashley Phimister, Alexander Raskin
Summary: Heart failure occurs as a result of pressure or volume overload in congenital and acquired heart diseases, and its treatment varies depending on the underlying cause.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Allison Remiker, Kristina Bolling, James Verbsky
Summary: CVID is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal B-cell differentiation and impaired production of specific immunoglobulin. Clinical manifestations vary and include recurrent bacterial infections, lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disease, granulomas, and increased cancer risk. The diagnosis of CVID is complex, requiring exclusion of other causes of immunoglobulin deficiency and assessment based on clinical criteria models. Treatment involves regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy, infection prevention, and surveillance for complications.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bridget A. Rafferty, Pooja Thakrar
Summary: CNO/CRMO is an underrecognized autoinflammatory disorder of the skeletal system resulting from immune dysregulation. Diagnosis is often delayed due to vague symptoms and the lack of accepted diagnostic criteria or specific biomarkers. Untreated CRMO can lead to chronic skeletal deformities, arthritis, and chronic pain. Diagnosis requires MRI and WB-MRI. Treatment primarily involves antiinflammatory medications.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vaishali Singh, Scott K. Van Why
Summary: Hypertension in adolescents is rare, and evaluation for identifiable causes beyond primary hypertension is necessary. Common causes of hypertension in this age group are usually acquired or congenital renal or vascular diseases. If these etiologies are not found, exploration for rare causes, including monogenic hypertension, should be pursued.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dominic O. Co
Summary: Acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) are a group of inflammatory demyelinating conditions that include optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis. Differentiating between subtypes of ADS is important for optimal patient management, and this can be achieved by considering clinical features, laboratory tests (especially autoantibodies), and MRI findings.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Meghan K. Konda, Matthew Harmelink
Summary: Pediatric adolescent muscle weakness can have various causes. A methodical diagnostic evaluation is necessary to determine the specific disease category, which may require specialized care or extensive testing. The ultimate diagnosis is crucial for prognostication.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)