Examining the Impact of the AHRQ Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) on the Veterans Health Administration The Case of Readmissions

Background: By focusing primarily on outcomes in the inpatient setting one may overlook serious adverse events that may occur after discharge (eg, readmissions, mortality) as well as opportunities for improving outpatient care. Objective: Our overall objective was to examine whether experiencing an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient Safety Indicator (PSI) event in an index medical or surgical hospitalization increased the likelihood of readmission. Methods: We applied the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality PSI software (version 4.1.a) to 2003-2007 Veterans Health Administration inpatient discharge data to generate risk-adjusted PSI rates for 9 individual PSIs and 4 aggregate PSI measures: any PSI event and composite PSIs reflecting Technical Care, Continuity of Care, and both surgical and medical care (Mixed). We estimated separate logistic regression models to predict the likelihood of 30-day readmission for individual PSIs, any PSI event, and the 3 composites, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and the occurrence of other PSI(s). Results: The odds of readmission were 23% higher for index hospitalizations with any PSI event compared with those with no event [confidence interval (CI), 1.19-1.26], and ranged from 22% higher for Iatrogenic Pneumothorax (CI, 1.03-1.45) to 61% higher for Postoperative Wound Dehiscence (CI, 1.27-2.05). For the composites, the odds of readmission ranged from 15% higher for the Technical Care composite (CI, 1.08-1.22) to 37% higher for the Continuity of Care composite (CI, 1.26-1.50). Conclusions: Our results suggest that interventions that focus on minimizing preventable inpatient safety events as well as improving coordination of care between and across settings may decrease the likelihood of readmission.