Climacteric symptoms in Quechua and Mestizo women from the Andean region of Cusco, Peru: Effects of altitude and ethnicity

Background: Latin-American women present a greater severity of climacteric symptoms than women from other parts of the world. Previous studies suggest that this could be due to either its Amerindian crossbreeding or the altitude in which a huge proportion of the Latin-American population lives. Objective: To answer this question, climacteric symptoms between Peruvian women (Hispanic-Mestizas and Quechuas) living in similar altitude (around 3000 MASL) were compared. Method: This is a cross sectional descriptive study of healthy women of 40-59 years of age living in Departamento de El Cusco, Peru. Using the MRS questionnaire climacteric symptoms were assessed in 395 Hispanic-Mestizas (Quechua-Spaniard breeding) and 376 pure Quechuas. Results: The Quechuas compared with Hispanic-Mestizas have comparable similar age, but less: obesity, schooling years, cigarette smoking, use of hormonal therapy, diabetes and hypertension: and a greater: proportion of postmenopausal women and number of children. Quechuas showed a greater prevalence in ten of the eleven symptoms evaluated by the MRS scale, except for insomnia. The total MRS score was 14.54 +/- 7.51 vs. 9.87 +/- 6.26 (p < 0.0001), respectively. As a consequence of this, 46.5% of the Quechuas had a deteriorated quality of life due to severe climacteric symptomatology, compared to only 14.2% of Hispanic-Mestizas women (p < 0.0001). After adjusting for confounding variables menopause was associated with increased risk of severe menopausal symptoms (OR: 5.86, 95% CI: 3.93-8.75), followed by lack of partner (OR: 3.52,95% CI: 1.91-6.48), arterial hypertension (OR: 2.62,95% CI: 1.28-5.39) and Quechua being (OR: 238,95% CI: 1.27-4.45). Conclusions: Peruvian Quechuas women have severer climacteric symptoms than the Peruvian Hispanic-Mestizas who live in a comparable altitude. This could suggest that the ethnicity could be one of the factors that could explain the augmented symptoms in Latin-American climacteric woman. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.