Journal
REVIEWS IN THE NEUROSCIENCES
Volume 26, Issue 2, Pages 129-142Publisher
WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0051
Keywords
central nervous system diseases; hydrogen sulfide; neuroprotective; signaling pathways
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81371485, 81200985]
- Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China [11JJ3117, 12JJ9032]
- Project of Research-based Learning and Innovative Experiment for Undergraduate Student in Hunan Province [2011-199]
- construct program of the key discipline in Hunan province
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gas that represents a novel third gaseous signaling molecule, neurotransmitter and cytoprotectant. Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase with cysteine aminotransferase (3-MST/CAT) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase with D-amino acid oxidase (3-MST/DAO) pathways are involved in the generation of endogenous H2S despite the ubiquitous or restricted distribution of those enzymes. CBS, 3-MST/CAT and 3-MST/DAO can be found in the brain, while CSE is widely located in other organs. There also exist up-taking or recycling and scavenging mechanisms in H2S metabolism to maintain its persistence for physiological function. In recent years, investigating the role that H2S plays in the central nervous system and cardiovascular system has always been a hotspot. To date, effects of H2S are at least partially verified in multiple animal models or neuron cell lines of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, major depression disorders and febrile seizure, although subsequent studies are still badly needed. This article presents an overview of current knowledge of H2S focusing on its neuroprotective effects and corresponding signaling pathways, together with connections to potential therapeutic strategies in the clinic.
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