Computing porosity of cancellous bone using ultrasonic waves, II: The muscle, cortical, cancellous bone system

Based on a model and an algorithm proposed previously by Buchanan, Gilbert, Wirgin and Xu [J.L. Buchanan, R. P. Gilbert, A. Wirgin, Y. Xu, Transient reflection and transmission of ultrasonic waves in cancellous bones, Appl. Math. Comp. 142 (2003), 561-573, R. P. Gilbert, Y. Xu, Shangyou Zhang, Computing porosity of cancellous bone using ultrasonic waves] we numerically computed the dependence of the porosity of cancellous bone encased in cortical bone and muscle on the measured ultrasonic wave. The computation shows the bone porosity can be recovered very accurately. The numerical data show that the ultrasonic wave of higher frequency would produce a more accurate bone porosity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.