Review
Clinical Neurology
Nawal Kinany, Elvira Pirondini, Silvestro Micera, Dimitri Van De Ville
Summary: The spinal cord, often overlooked in human neuroscience research, is now recognized as active and plastic. This review argues that fMRI can be utilized beyond the brain to unravel spinal mechanisms involved in human behaviors. It outlines strategies and applications of spinal cord fMRI, highlighting its potential to address fundamental and clinical questions.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yiqi Christina Lin, Vassilios Papadopoulos
Summary: Neurosteroids, synthesized locally in the nervous system, have important neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Research suggests differences in steroidogenesis between the nervous system and the periphery, particularly in the presence of the enzyme CYP11A1. Further understanding of neurosteroidogenesis is crucial for future neurosteroid-based therapies.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Brian R. Noga, James D. Guest
Summary: Neuromodulation has shown promise in treating spinal cord injuries, with combined brain and spinal neuromodulation techniques enhancing therapeutic effects. Studies have explored various neuromodulatory methods to improve motor function and neuroplasticity post-SCI, indicating potential clinical applications for DBS of the mesencephalic locomotor region.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Wenxue Dong, Fanghe Gong, Yu Zhao, Hongmin Bai, Ruixin Yang
Summary: Acute central nervous system injuries (ACNSI) such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, and spinal cord injuries have high rates of disability and mortality. The occurrence of secondary injuries after ACNSI offers potential therapeutic targets. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death dependent on iron and oxidative conditions, plays a vital role in neuropathological pathways, suggesting its involvement in ACNSI. Recent studies have shown the potential of anti-ferroptosis agents in ameliorating the deleterious effects of ferroptosis in traumatic ACNSI. This evidence is extremely significant for research and control of ACNSI.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Milap S. Sandhu, William Z. Rymer
Summary: Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) is emerging as a potential intervention to improve breathing and enhance strength and endurance, with the effects showing rapid emergence and prolonged duration. Further research is needed to confirm the therapeutic effects of AIH in clinical settings for promoting recovery and rehabilitation after neurological injuries.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Elham Hasanzadeh, Alexander Seifalian, Amir Mellati, Jamileh Saremi, Shiva Asadpour, Seyed Ehsan Enderami, Houra Nekounam, Narges Mahmoodi
Summary: Repairing CNS is challenging due to the inability of neurons to recover. Injectable hydrogels have desirable attributes as biodegradable scaffolds for CNS tissue engineering and regeneration. They can imitate several aspects of CNS and are considered an effective therapeutic agent.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Lvwan Xu, Xin Ye, Jinjie Zhong, Ying-ying Chen, Lin-lin Wang
Summary: Recent studies have shown that circRNAs play important roles in CNS post-traumatic injury, associated with proliferation, inflammation, and apoptosis. The potential clinical value of circRNAs as a therapeutic target for CNS injury is discussed, bringing new possibilities for treatment.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lim-joon Yoon, Deok-yeong Kim
Summary: Burst SCS shows promising efficacy in treating central neuropathic pain, providing a desirable alternative for patients with severe and refractory pain conditions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sriharsha Gonuguntla, Jasmin Herz
Summary: The lymphatic vasculature plays a crucial role in peripheral organ clearance and immune responses. However, our understanding of spinal cord meningeal lymphatics and immunity is limited. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state of spinal cord meningeal immunity, highlighting its unique anatomy, immune cells, lymphatic vasculature, and the potential impact of injuries and inflammatory disorders.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Joana Martins-Macedo, Angelo C. Lepore, Helena S. Domingues, Antonio J. Salgado, Eduardo D. Gomes, Luisa Pinto
Summary: Glial-restricted precursor cells (GRPs) are progenitors with differentiation potential restricted to the glial lineage in the central nervous system. These cells have been used in the treatment of various neurodegenerative and traumatic pathologies, showing promising results.
Article
Cell Biology
Min Huang, Xizhi Wang, Benson O. A. Botchway, Yong Zhang, Xuehong Liu
Summary: In this review, the role of lncRNAs in central nervous system (CNS) injury is discussed, and potential strategies for using lncRNAs in CNS injury treatment are explored.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Behnam Sabayan, Christina Lineback, Anand Viswanathan, Thabele M. Leslie-Mazwi, Ali Shaibani
Summary: This article provides an overview of definitions, classifications, and characteristics of CNS vascular malformations, including etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment features. The review also covers intracranial and spinal cord vascular malformations and discusses syndromes associated with CNS vascular malformations.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hugo Alarcan, Patrick Vourc'h, Lise Berton, Isabelle Benz-De Bretagne, Eric Piver, Christian R. Andres, Philippe Corcia, Charlotte Veyrat-Durebex, Helene Blasco
Summary: This study found that impairment of the central nervous system (CNS) barrier is present in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, indicating its potential significance in the disease. Elevated levels of QAlb were observed in a large cohort of patients, with a higher proportion in males compared to females. QAlb levels were associated with ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-r) in male patients and were significantly associated with survival in male patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Kimberly D. Miller, Quinn T. Ostrom, Carol Kruchko, Nirav Patil, Tarik Tihan, Gino Cioffi, Hannah E. Fuchs, Kristin A. Waite, Ahmedin Jemal, Rebecca L. Siegel, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan
Summary: Brain and other CNS tumors are highly fatal cancers in the United States, with different incidence rates and survival rates among different races and age groups. Survival disparities, especially in childhood tumors, highlight the importance of providing more resources to advance research and understand the reasons behind differences in brain tumor occurrence, especially among rarer subtypes and understudied populations.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Saumya Maheshwari, Liam J. Dwyer, Ruxandra F. Sirbulescu
Summary: Acute injury to the central nervous system (CNS) triggers a dynamic neuroinflammatory response, leading to sustained inflammation, secondary neurodegeneration, and neurological dysfunction. Clinically effective therapies for CNS injury have been challenging to develop due to its multifaceted nature. B lymphocytes have emerged as potential immunomodulatory therapeutics for CNS injury, and recent research has shown promising results in using purified B lymphocytes as a novel treatment approach.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marialuisa Gandolfi, Valeria Donisi, Simone Battista, Alessandro Picelli, Nicola Vale, Lidia Del Piccolo, Nicola Smania
Summary: This study found that post-stroke patients with chronic pain reported higher levels of disability and worse HrQoL, higher psychological distress and inflexibility, as well as a lower level of self-efficacy and problem-oriented coping strategies compared to patients without pain.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Philippe Lagnau, Alto Lo, Ryan Sandarage, Katharine Alter, Alessandro Picelli, Jorg Wissel, Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez, Areerat Suputtitada, Michael C. Munin, Stefano Carda, Omar Khan, Serdar Kocer, Rajiv Reebye
Summary: This paper emphasizes the importance of ultrasound ergonomics in optimizing BoNT injection techniques for spasticity management. A survey of 11 ultrasound experts highlighted the significance of ergonomics in reducing physician injury during the procedure.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alessio Baricich, Theodore Wein, Nicoletta Cinone, Michele Bertoni, Alessandro Picelli, Carmelo Chisari, Franco Molteni, Andrea Santamato
Summary: Physicians unanimously agree that BoNT-A intervention should be initiated early and patients need regular monitoring post-treatment, while emphasizing the importance of patient-centered treatment.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Alessandro Picelli, Mirko Filippetti, Giorgio Sandrini, Cristina Tassorelli, Roberto De Icco, Nicola Smania, Stefano Tamburin
Summary: This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the current literature on the protocols of electrical stimulation to enhance the effect of BoNT-A injection in treating spasticity. Data on patient characteristics, electrical stimulation protocols, and outcome measures were collected and critically discussed based on the neurobiology of BoNT-A uptake.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alessandro Picelli, Andrea Santamato, Michela Cosma, Alessio Baricich, Carmelo Chisari, Marzia Millevolte, Cristina Del Prete, Ilenia Mazzu, Paolo Girardi, Nicola Smania
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the timing of BoNT-A injection and treatment outcomes in PSS patients. The results showed that initiating BoNT-A treatment within 3 months post-stroke can lead to greater reduction in muscle tone at 1 and 3 months follow-up.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Valentina Varalta, Paola Poiese, Serena Recchia, Barbara Montagnana, Cristina Fonte, Mirko Filippetti, Michele Tinazzi, Nicola Smania, Alessandro Picelli
Summary: This study investigated the effects of consecutive physiotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation on cognitive, motor, and psychological aspects in Parkinson's disease patients. Results showed that patients who received consecutive training performed better in functional mobility and memory tasks, supporting the hypothesis that consecutive physiotherapy plus cognitive rehabilitation may be more beneficial than physiotherapy alone.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Daniele Munari, Anna Serina, Arianna Leonardelli, Davide Lanza, Alberto Caramori, Andrea Guerrini, Modenese Angela, Mirko Filippetti, Nicola Smania, Alessandro Picelli
Summary: This study compared the effects of diathermy and ultrasound therapies on the morphological and elastic properties of the non-insertional region of the Achilles tendon in normal individuals. The results showed that diathermy had a greater impact on the tendon's morphology and elasticity compared to ultrasound therapy. Diathermy may be an effective deep heat modality for treating non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYPERTHERMIA
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Valentina Varalta, Daniele Munari, Cristina Fonte, Elisa Evangelista, Alessandro Picelli, Nicola Smania
Summary: Somatosensory disorders are common after cerebral stroke and often neglected in neurorehabilitation. This study investigated the effects of Mirror Box Therapy sensory training on upper limb impairments in stroke patients and found significant improvements in somatosensory performance.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sofia Straudi, Marco Tramontano, Emanuele Francesco Russo, Luca Perrero, Michela Agostini, Marialuisa Gandolfi, Irene Aprile, Matteo Paci, Emanuela Casanova, Dario Marino, Giuseppe La Rosa, Federica Bressi, Silvia Sterzi, Daniele Giansanti, Alberto Battistini, Sandra Miccinilli, Serena Filoni, Monica Sicari, Salvatore Petrozzino, Claudio Marcello Solaro, Stefano Gargano, Paolo Benanti, Paolo Boldrini, Donatella Bonaiuti, Enrico Castelli, Francesco Draicchio, Vincenzo Falabella, Silvia Galeri, Francesca Gimigliano, Mauro Grigioni, Stefano Mazzoleni, Stefano Mazzon, Franco Molteni, Maurizio Petrarca, Alessandro Picelli, Federico Posteraro, Michele Senatore, Giuseppe Turchetti, Giovanni Morone
Summary: This review systematically reports the evidence on the clinical applications and functional recovery effects of robotic-assisted arm training (RAT) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). The study found that RAT improved shoulder range of motion, handgrip strength, and proximal arm impairment, as well as manual dexterity, arm function, and daily life use. However, the high clinical heterogeneity of treatment programs and the variety of robot devices call for standardization of intervention types in future studies. Overall, robot-assisted treatment appears safe and useful for improving manual dexterity and movement execution quality in PwMS with moderate to severe disability. Further studies with larger sample sizes and rigorous methodologies are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marco Battaglia, Margherita Beatrice Borg, Lara Torgano, Alberto Loro, Lucia Cosenza, Michele Bertoni, Alessandro Picelli, Andrea Santamato, Marco Invernizzi, Francesca Uberti, Claudio Molinari, Stefano Carda, Alessio Baricich
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin type-A (BoNT-A) on post-stroke focal spasticity patients. The results showed that ultrasound-guided BoNT-A injection did not lead to contralateral muscle weakness or autonomic nervous system abnormalities. These findings support the existing literature on the safety of BoNT-A treatment.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mirko Filippetti, Alessandro Picelli, Rita Di Censo, Sabrina Vantin, Pietro Nicola Randazzo, Giorgio Sandrini, Cristina Tassorelli, Roberto De Icco, Nicola Smania, Stefano Tamburin
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the use of incobotulinumtoxinA injection in children with idiopathic toe walking (ITW). The results showed that the treatment improved ankle dorsiflexion and had a longer-than-expected effect of up to 6 months in some children. No adverse effects were reported. These findings provide a basis for future randomized controlled trials and studies examining the combination of BoNT-A with other non-invasive approaches and exercise programs in ITW children.
Article
Neurosciences
Valentina Varalta, Elisa Evangelista, Anna Righetti, Giovanni Morone, Stefano Tamburin, Alessandro Picelli, Cristina Fonte, Michele Tinazzi, Ilaria Antonella Di Vico, Andreas Waldner, Mirko Filippetti, Nicola Smania
Summary: This study investigated the effect of upper limb vibratory stimulation training on cognitive functioning in individuals with Parkinson's disease. The results showed significant improvements in cognitive status, attention, and motor functioning after rehabilitation, suggesting an impact of upper limb motor rehabilitation on cognition in Parkinson's disease.
Review
Neurosciences
Alberto Loro, Margherita Beatrice Borg, Marco Battaglia, Angelo Paolo Amico, Roberto Antenucci, Paolo Benanti, Michele Bertoni, Luciano Bissolotti, Paolo Boldrini, Donatella Bonaiuti, Thomas Bowman, Marianna Capecci, Enrico Castelli, Loredana Cavalli, Nicoletta Cinone, Lucia Cosenza, Rita Di Censo, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Francesco Draicchio, Vincenzo Falabella, Mirko Filippetti, Silvia Galeri, Francesca Gimigliano, Mauro Grigioni, Marco Invernizzi, Johanna Jonsdottir, Carmelo Lentino, Perla Massai, Stefano Mazzoleni, Stefano Mazzon, Franco Molteni, Sandra Morelli, Giovanni Morone, Antonio Nardone, Daniele Panzeri, Maurizio Petrarca, Federico Posteraro, Andrea Santamato, Lorenza Scotti, Michele Senatore, Stefania Spina, Elisa Taglione, Giuseppe Turchetti, Valentina Varalta, Alessandro Picelli, Alessio Baricich
Summary: This study aims to determine the efficacy of robotic gait training (RAGT) on the balance of post-stroke survivors. The results show that RAGT is equally effective as traditional therapy, and the combination of the two may lead to better outcomes. Therefore, future experimentation should focus on robot-assisted balance training.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Giovanni Morone, Alessio Baricich, Stefano Paolucci, Anna Rita Bentivoglio, Paolo De Blasiis, Matilde Carlucci, Francesco Violi, Gabriella Levato, Marcello Pani, Lucia Federica Carpagnano, Federico Spandonaro, Alessandro Picelli, Nicola Smania
Summary: This study reviewed the clinical management of post-stroke spasticity and the use of botulinum toxin. The panel of experts provided consensus recommendations for the treatment of spasticity and the use of botulinum toxin.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alessandro Picelli, Angela Modenese, Elena Poletto, Valentina Businaro, Valentina Varalta, Marialuisa Gandolfi, Bruno Bonetti, Nicola Smania
Summary: The study found that ultrasonography can aid in bedside screening for dysphagia in acute stroke patients, and is associated with clinical assessment of swallowing. The hyoid-larynx approximation distance and degree are significantly related to dysphagic patients.
