Journal
MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
Volume 45, Issue -, Pages 589-598Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.03.032
Keywords
Calcium phosphate; Magnesium; Rietveld refinement; Osteogenic differentiation
Categories
Funding
- NSF-ERC-Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials [EEC-0812348]
- NSF-CBET [0933153]
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Complex Engineered Multifunctional Materials (CCEMM)
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [0933153] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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A low temperature aqueous approach was used to synthesize nanocrystalline, high surface area Mg2+ substituted beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCMP) to assess its potential use as a synthetic bone graft substitute. X-ray diffraction indicated that (beta-TCMP was the predominant crystalline phase formed. However, thermal analysis revealed the presence of a secondary amorphous phase which increased with increasing Mg2+ concentration. Further analysis by Rietveld refinement indicated that the level of ionic substitution of Ca2+ by Mg2+ was significantly lower than the amount of Mg2+ measured using elemental analysis, confirming the formation of a Mg2+ rich secondary amorphous phase. MC3T3-E1 proliferation on substrates prepared using beta-TCMP was assessed using the MTT assay. In comparison to commercially available beta-TCP, increased proliferation was observed on samples prepared with 50% Mg, despite elevated Mg2+ and PO43- concentrations in culture media. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and qRT-PCR were used to study the effect of varying Mg2+ substitution on osteogenic differentiation. Cells cultured on beta-TCMP substrates prepared with increased Mg2+ concentrations expressed significantly increased levels of ALP activity and osteogenic genes such as, osteocalcin, collagen-1, and Runx2, in comparison to those cultured on commercially available beta-TCP. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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