Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sulagna Dutta, Pallav Sengupta, Sanghamitra Das, Petr Slama, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
Summary: Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play important roles in male reproduction, but excessive levels can impair fertility by affecting testicular functions and compromising semen quality. High RNS levels lead to abnormalities in germ cells and gametes, and severely impact maturation and fertilization processes. Conventional semen analyses are not reliable predictors for assisted reproductive technology outcomes in cases of male infertility, highlighting the need for novel assessment and treatment methods.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Zamira Gibb, Olga Blanco-Prieto, Diego Bucci
Summary: Mammalian semen is composed of spermatozoa and seminal plasma, with sperm undergoing various physiological processes to fertilize the oocyte. The production and maturation of sperm occur in different internal organs, exposing them to oxidative stress. Antioxidants play a crucial role in protecting sperm and maintaining their fertilizing capacity, deficiencies of which can impact reproductive function.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Peiman Zandi, Ewald Schnug
Summary: Environmental changes caused by anthropogenic activities have a significant impact on plants, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ultimately oxidative stress. Plants have developed defensive mechanisms, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, to scavenge excess ROS and maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Additionally, plant-microbe interactions have been found to improve immune systems in plants under stress. Understanding and studying these antioxidant systems and beneficial microbiome interactions in plants are important for plant survival and productivity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elle E. M. Scheijen, Sven Hendrix, David M. Wilson
Summary: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in spinal cord injury (SCI), causing damage to proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, cytoskeleton, and organelles. Oxidative DNA damage is likely a major contributor to the pathogenesis of SCI, although the evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. Improved analysis methods are needed to uncover the role of DNA damage and repair in SCI.
Review
Immunology
Weiyao Jing, Cui Liu, Chenghong Su, Limei Liu, Ping Chen, Xiangjun Li, Xinghua Zhang, Bo Yuan, Haidong Wang, Xiaozheng Du
Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage damage. The hypoxic microenvironment of RA joints can cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial damage, which upregulate inflammatory pathways and contribute to angiogenesis and bone destruction, thereby accelerating RA progression. This review highlights the effects of ROS accumulation and mitochondrial damage on inflammation, angiogenesis, and bone and cartilage damage in RA, as well as discusses therapeutic approaches targeting ROS or mitochondria to alleviate symptoms and the current gaps and controversies in research.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emily P. P. Evans, Jorien T. M. Scholten, Aldona Mzyk, Claudia Reyes-San-Martin, Arturo E. Llumbet, Thamir Hamoh, Eus G. J. M. Arts, Romana Schirhagl, Astrid E. P. Cantineau
Summary: Currently, 15% of couples are suffering from infertility, with 45-50% of cases attributed to male factors. Free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the fertility process, while also serving important functions in sperm maturation. These ROS are influenced by lifestyle, age, and disease.
Review
Neurosciences
Sina Shadfar, Sonam Parakh, Md Shafi Jamali, Julie D. Atkin
Summary: Redox homeostasis refers to the balance between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and it is crucial for cellular activities. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, disrupts cellular functions, including DNA integrity maintenance. DNA damage and deficiencies in DNA repair are commonly observed in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, and Huntington's. This review discusses the emerging connections between redox dysregulation and DNA damage in these disorders, and highlights the importance of understanding these associations for developing therapeutic strategies.
TRANSLATIONAL NEURODEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Anubhav Srivastava, Pransu Srivastava, Shashank Mathur, Suman Mishra, Sabiya Abbas, Amrit Gupta, Prabhaker Mishra, Meenakshi Tiwari, Lokendra Kumar Sharma
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in maternal blood and its association with circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during normal pregnancy. The results showed a decrease in cellular mtDNA content and an increase in plasma mtDNA content during normal pregnancy. Cellular mtDNA content was significantly lower in the third trimester compared to the first trimester, while plasma mtDNA content did not differ significantly among trimesters. Additionally, higher levels of plasma H2O2 were observed in the third trimester compared to non-pregnant and first trimester. The findings suggest that maternal adaptation during normal pregnancy involves a decrease in cellular mtDNA content and an increase in plasma mtDNA and H2O2 levels.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Massimo Romano, Federico Cirillo, Daria Spadaro, Andrea Busnelli, Stefano Castellano, Elena Albani, Paolo Emanuele Levi-Setti
Summary: Infertility affects 10% to 15% of couples worldwide, with male factor being responsible for 50% of cases. Oral supplementation with antioxidants may improve sperm quality by reducing oxidative damage. The effectiveness of using testicular sperm in infertile men with high DFI is still inconclusive, and further large-scale studies are needed.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Neil B. Metcalfe, Mats Olsson
Summary: This review highlights the dynamic processes of ROS production, telomeric DNA damage, and DNA repair, emphasizing the trade-off between energetic efficiency and telomere protection. Mitochondrial features and ATP production efficiency play crucial roles in maintaining DNA integrity and telomere dynamics, with implications for individual variation and adaptation to changing environmental contexts.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Asmaa M. Shehata, Fatma M. S. Salem, Eiman M. El-Saied, Sahar S. Abd El-Rahman, Mohamed Y. Mahmoud, Peter A. Noshy
Summary: The study showed that exposure to Ag-NPs had adverse effects on the male reproductive system, affecting sperm motility, morphology, and concentration, inducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in testicular tissue, and decreasing serum hormone levels. However, coadministration of Zn-NPs ameliorated most of the toxic effects of Ag-NPs through their antioxidative capacity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Saumya Shukla, Deepti Chopra, Sunil Kumar Patel, Sandeep Negi, Ajeet K. Srivastav, Ch Ratnasekhar, Lakshmi Bala, Ashish Dwivedi, Ratan Singh Ray
Summary: This study investigated the photosensitization potential and mechanism of dermal phototoxicity of TAPS under UVA and UVB exposure. The findings suggest that TAPS generates superoxide anion radical under light exposure, leading to cellular apoptosis, which may pose hazards to human skin health.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dongmei Zhang, Chu Gong, Jie Wang, Dong Xing, Lingling Zhao, Danyang Li, Xinxing Zhang
Summary: The antioxidizing capability of membrane antioxidants is strongly influenced by their location in the submolecular regions of the membrane, as demonstrated by the behavior of melatonin in POPC membranes. Melatonin effectively protects membrane lipids in the headgroup subregion against hydroxyl radicals but not in the lipid tail region against singlet oxygen. This study's methodology can potentially assist in screening antioxidants' spatial distribution and efficiency, aiding in the design of novel antioxidants with specific functions.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Steven Serafini, Cristian O'Flaherty
Summary: Spermatozoa undergo capacitation, a process involving biochemical and morphological changes to enable fertilization. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in capacitation, regulating cellular processes at physiological levels but causing damage at high concentrations. Understanding redox signaling and phosphorylation events in sperm is crucial for fertility and developing treatments for male infertility.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valtteri Nieminen, Miina Juntunen, Jonne Naarala, Jukka Luukkonen
Summary: The study evaluated the effect of static or 50 Hz magnetic fields on the response of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. The results showed that static magnetic fields decreased DNA damage induced by doxorubicin, while 50 Hz magnetic fields increased cytosolic superoxide levels induced by doxorubicin.
BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Alice Newman-Sanders, Jackson C. Kirkman-Brown, Meurig T. Gallagher
Summary: This study revealed a significant lack of awareness among young adults in the UK regarding the potential impacts of gym lifestyles and supplementation on male infertility. Men were found to have a concerning lack of concern for their own fertility, with differences in awareness levels between men and women. It was also observed that men were more likely to consider making changes to their behavior if it had a long-term impact on their fertility compared to short-term effects.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2024)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Shachar Reuvenny, Michal Youngster, Almog Luz, Rohi Hourvitz, Ettie Maman, Micha Baum, Ariel Hourvitz
Summary: Using a machine-learning model to determine the optimal trigger days can improve the outcomes of antagonist protocol cycles in freeze-all or fresh transfer cycles, for all age groups. Implementing these models can more accurately predict the number of retrieved oocytes, optimizing physicians' decisions, balancing workloads, and creating more standardized yet patient-specific protocols.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2024)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Chao Chen, Qi Wen, Feng Deng, Rong Li, Ying Wang, Xiumei Zhen, Jing Hang
Summary: This study investigates the proteomic and phosphoproteomic differences in the endometrium of women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) compared to healthy control women during different phases of the menstrual cycle. The results identify differentially expressed proteins and phosphorylated proteins, and highlight the insulin/cyclic nucleotide signalling pathway and AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway as major contributors to the abnormality of RPL endometrium. The findings provide insights into potential proteins associated with the pathogenesis of RPL and contribute to the identification of potential targets for RPL treatment.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2024)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Jaime Guerrero, Juan Carlos Castillo, Jorge Ten, Jose Antonio Ortiz, Belen Lledo, Domingo Orozco, Francisco Quereda, Andrea Bernabeu, Rafael Bernabeu
Summary: The study found no significant differences in clinical outcomes between using oocytes obtained from random-start protocols and those from conventional ovarian stimulation in oocyte donation treatments. Luteal-phase stimulation required longer stimulation and higher FSH consumption.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2024)