Effects of alumina refinery wastewater and signature metal constituents at the upper thermal tolerance of: 2. The early life stages of the coral Acropora tenuis

The success of early life history transitions of the coral Acropora tenuis were used as endpoints to evaluate thermal stress and the effects of wastewater discharged to a tropical marine environment. The studies assessed the effects of: (i) temperature; (ii) three signature metals of the wastewater, aluminium (Al), vanadium (V) and gallium (Ga); and (iii) the wastewater (at 27 degrees C and 32 degrees C) on fertilisation and larval metamorphosis. The median inhibition temperatures for fertilisation and metamorphosis were 32.8 degrees C and 33.0 degrees C, respectively. Fertilisation IC(50)s for Al, V and Ga were 2997, 2884 and 3430 mu g L-1, respectively. Metamorphosis IC(50)s for Al, V and Ga were 1945, 675 and 3566 mu g L-1, respectively. The wastewater only affected fertilisation and metamorphosis at moderate concentrations (IC(50)s = 63% and 67%, v/v, respectively, at 27 degrees C), posing a low risk to this species in the field. The effects of wastewater and temperature on fertilisation and metamorphosis were additive. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.