Article
Engineering, Marine
Chryssa Anastasiadou, Roman Liasko, Athanasios A. Kallianiotis, Ioannis Leonardos
Summary: This study elucidated the rostral patterns of the two distinct morphotypes in the genus Hippolyte and found that the rostral shape of morph-A is influenced by shrimp's size, sex, and time of the year. Two distinct clusters of morph-B were also identified, possibly corresponding to the homozygous and heterozygous state of the gene controlling the species' morphotypes.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Karan J. Odom, Kristal E. Cain, Michelle L. Hall, Naomi E. Langmore, Raoul A. Mulder, Sonia Kleindorfer, Jordan Karubian, Lyanne Brouwer, Erik D. Enbody, John Anthony Jones, Jenelle L. Dowling, Ana Leitao, Emma Greig, Christine Evans, Allison E. Johnson, Kimberley K. -A Meyers, Marcelo Araya-Salas, Michael S. Webster
Summary: The study found that male song elaboration is partly due to sexual competition, with male songs being longer in populations with low male survival and less male provisioning. Female songs evolved independently and were slower paced than male songs, particularly in less synchronously breeding populations. Male and female songs were more similar when parental care was more equal and male survival was high, indicating a correlation between sex role similarity and male-female song similarity.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emily C. Moore, Patrick J. Ciccotto, Erin N. Peterson, Melissa S. Lamm, R. Craig Albertson, Reade B. Roberts
Summary: For many vertebrates, a single genetic locus initiates a cascade of developmental sex differences, resulting in adults with two phenotypically distinct sexes. However, species with polygenic sex determination have multiple interacting sex determination alleles, allowing for more than two genotypic sexes. In the cichlid fish Metriaclima mbenjii, polygenic sex determination produces modular variation in morphological and behavioral traits, and the evolution or introgression of a newly acquired sex determiner creates additional axes of phenotypic variation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Biology
Xi-Yin Li, Jie Mei, Chu-Tian Ge, Xiao-Li Liu, Jian-Fang Gui
Summary: Aquaculture plays a crucial role in global food security, and understanding the sex determination and control mechanisms in aquaculture animals is essential for sustainable development.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
David Elkind, Hannah Hochgerner, Etay Aloni, Noam Shental, Amit Zeisel, Tali Kimchi
Summary: Researchers used the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity project's images to systematically characterize cell density and volume in the mouse brain. They discovered that overall brain volume does not uniformly expand across all regions and that region-specific density changes are often negatively correlated with region volume. They also found that cell count does not scale linearly with volume.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Berenice Palacios-Gonzalez, Guadalupe Leon-Reyes, Berenice Rivera-Paredez, Isabel Ibarra-Gonzalez, Marcela Vela-Amieva, Yvonne N. Flores, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros, Jorge Salmeron, Rafael Velazquez-Cruz
Summary: This study aims to investigate the sex-specific serum modifications of amino acids and acylcarnitines (ACs) and their relationship with MetS in the Mexican population. The findings show that a serum amino acid signature (citrulline and glycine) and medium-chain ACs (AC14:1, AC10, and AC18:10H) are associated with MetS. Glycine and AC10 are specific metabolites for discrimination based on sex-dependent MetS. Additionally, glycine and short-chain ACs (AC2, AC3, and AC8:1) are associated with age-dependent MetS.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine Baca, Brandon Bridge, Meradeth Snow
Summary: This research created an improved metric method using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to determine sex from human pubic bones. Results showed high accuracy in sex prediction for both whole bones and simulated fragmented remains, with specific landmarks around the ventral arc of the pubic bone performing the best. These results indicate that three-dimensional geometric morphometrics is a valid method for sex determination in forensic anthropology.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Joao Albernaz Neves, Nathalie Antunes-Ferreira, Vanessa Machado, Joao Botelho, Luis Proenca, Alexandre Quintas, Ana Sintra Delgado, Jose Joao Mendes
Summary: This umbrella review critically assesses the level of evidence of sex determination in forensic dentistry and provides an overall comprehensive view. The review identifies low-quality systematic reviews and emphasizes the need for well-designed clinical trials and high-standard reviews to corroborate the accuracy of different sex determination procedures in forensic dentistry.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Song Guo, Shuyun Huang, Xi Jiang, Haiyang Hu, Dingding Han, Carlos S. Moreno, Genevieve L. Fairbrother, David A. Hughes, Mark Stoneking, Philipp Khaitovich
Summary: The study revealed that miRNA expression in human placental samples is influenced by population affiliation and fetal sex, with male-associated miRNA differences leading to the inhibition of target gene expression in specific functional pathways. Population-driven miRNA differences may represent neutral changes with minimal functional impacts.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samantha L. Bock, Christopher R. Smaga, Jessica A. McCoy, Benjamin B. Parrott
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns to investigate temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) species, specifically American alligators, in the face of climate change. Through analyzing DNAm in blood cells of hatchling alligators, sex-associated differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) and temperature-associated DMCs were identified. DNAm-based models were developed to accurately predict hatchling sex and past incubation temperature.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Irene Estelles-Domingo, Pascual Lopez-Lopez
Summary: This study used biometric analysis to accurately determine the sex of Bonelli's eagles using just two measurements. The study included 137 eagles sampled in eastern Spain from 2015 to 2022. The results showed that the lateral tarsus length and dorso-ventral tarsus length were the most effective measurements for sex determination. This non-invasive method has multiple applications in conservation efforts.
Article
Biology
Lianna W. Wat, Zahid S. Chowdhury, Jason W. Millington, Puja Biswas, Elizabeth J. Rideout
Summary: Sex differences in whole-body fat storage exist in many species, with females storing more fat than males in fruit flies. The sex determination gene transformer (tra) plays a key role in regulating this difference, with its function in neurons, specifically Akh-producing cells (APCs), influencing fat storage in a sex-specific manner. This study identifies the Akh pathway as a mechanism underlying the male-female difference in whole-body triglyceride levels and provides insight into conserved mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in fat storage.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Rosy Setiawati, Paulus Rahardjo, Ika Ruriana, Giuseppe Guglielmi
Summary: This study aimed to determine the characteristics of pelvic anthropometry and develop a logistic regression formula for adult sex identification using three-dimensional pelvic computed tomography images. The results showed that measurements of conjugate pelvic inlet diameter (CPID), left innominate height (LIH), and sub pubic angle (SPA) were significant for determining the sex of adults. The logistic regression model had a high validity value of 91.05% and 100% sensitivity in identifying males and 81.1% specificity in identifying females.
FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qionglin Peng, Jiangtao Chen, Rong Wang, Huan Zhu, Caihong Han, Xiaoxiao Ji, Yufeng Pan
Summary: This study investigates the regulation of Collagen IV by the dsx gene and its role in establishing sexual dimorphism.
JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Gabor Marko, Istvan Nemeth, Veronika Gyuricza, Vilmos Altbacker
Summary: The study reveals distinct investment patterns between males and females in dioecious plant species, leading to a heightened trade-off between growth and defense. In the juniper species, males exhibit higher essential oil yield than females, with a growth-defense trade-off observed in males but not in females. The findings suggest a flexible and adaptive defense response in individuals driven by complex allocation trade-off mechanisms against environmental stresses.