Article
Soil Science
Xuehua Wang, Zhongmin Dai, Jiahui Lin, Haochun Zhao, Haodan Yu, Bin Ma, Lingfei Hu, Jiachun Shi, Xiaoyun Chen, Manqiang Liu, Xin Ke, Yijun Yu, Randy A. Dahlgren, Jianming Xu
Summary: The soil microbial food web is crucial for soil health, nutrient cycling, and agricultural productivity. However, the effects of heavy metal contamination on the trophic-level interactions within this food web in agricultural soils, which are globally contaminated, have not been well-studied. This study examined the interactions among predators, preys, and competitors under different metal contamination levels and found that metal contamination altered the growth of different prey groups, resulting in changes in the diversity and abundance of consumers and their interactions. Lab experiments confirmed these findings, indicating the collapse of trophic-level interactions due to heavy metal contamination.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Valentina Pitacco, Borut Mavric, Lovrenc Lipej
Summary: Maritime traffic and port activities have negative impacts on the marine environment. This study focused on assessing the effects of port activities in the Slovenian Sea. The macrobenthic communities near the port of Koper and offshore sites were analyzed. The results showed that offshore sites had better ecological conditions compared to sites within the port area. Consistent monitoring programs are necessary to evaluate anthropogenic impacts.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Andjin Siegenthaler, Owen S. Wangensteen, Chiara Benvenuto, Riccardo Lollobrigidi, Stefano Mariani
Summary: This study investigates the niche overlap between two dominant epibenthic predators, the brown shrimp and the European green crab, in European estuarine soft-bottom environments using trophic DNA-metabarcoding. The results show differences in diet composition between the two predators, with the European green crab having a richer and more consistent diet compared to the brown shrimp.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Li Lucy, David Bamman
Summary: By using BERT to analyze English comments in 474 Reddit communities, it was found that communities with highly distinctive language characteristics tend to be of medium size, with loyal and highly engaged users interacting in dense networks.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Kephra Beckett, Elizabeth Elle, Claire Kremen, Abbie Sherwood, Sofie McComb, Tara G. Martin
Summary: Garry oak and associated ecosystems are culturally and ecologically significant landscapes, but their remaining extent in Canada is less than 5%, making urgent attention necessary. The loss of top predators has led to a trophic cascade, with hyperabundant black-tailed deer reshaping plant and animal communities. This study shows that deer browsing negatively impacts floral communities and bumblebee populations, highlighting the importance of deer management to prevent further degradation of these ecosystems.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
George A. Whitehouse, Kerim Y. Aydin, Anne B. Hollowed, Kirstin K. Holsman, Wei Cheng, Amanda Faig, Alan C. Haynie, Albert J. Hermann, Kelly A. Kearney, Andre E. Punt, Timothy E. Essington
Summary: The study investigated the impacts of climate change on the Eastern Bering Sea food web and found that most species and functional groups showed a slow but steady decline in biomass over time, with biomass projections nearing or falling below recent historical levels by 2080.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Remi Amiraux, David J. Yurkowski, Philippe Archambault, Marie Pierrejean, C. J. Mundy
Summary: The traditional view that the benthic compartment is simpler in structure compared to the pelagic compartment is challenged in this study, which illustrates the presence of a subweb in the benthic realm with similar complexity to the pelagic counterpart, including megafaunal-predatory sea stars equivalent to iconic polar bears.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Debora Reis de Carvalho, Jed P. Sparks, Alexander S. Flecker, Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas Alves, Marcelo Zacharias Moreira, Paulo Santos Pompeu
Summary: The study found that nitrogen pollution generally increases estimates of niche space for fish communities, with seasonality only affecting niche estimates in polluted sites. Additionally, isotopic analyses in nitrogen polluted sites resulted in unrealistic trophic positioning estimates.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria Jose Diaz, Christian Buschbaum, Paul E. Renaud, Markus Molis
Summary: The study conducted seaweed manipulation experiments at two intertidal sites in Svalbard and found that detached seaweeds strongly modified the structure and functioning of soft-bottom species assemblages, including reducing abundance and dry mass, increasing evenness, and decreasing growth. Seaweed effects were generally smaller in Thiisbukta compared to Longyearbyen, while time effects were generally opposite to those caused by the seaweed treatments.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Marine & Freshwater Biology
D. G. George
Summary: This review uses examples from long-term studies in the English Lakes to highlight the limitations of top-down control in planktonic systems, particularly at the base of the food chain where there are significant differences in potential growth rates between phytoplankton and zooplankton. The importance of time in trophic interactions and the disruption of established patterns by changes in mixing intensity are demonstrated through the examples provided.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Romain Frelat, Susanne Kortsch, Ingrid Kroencke, Hermann Neumann, Marie C. Nordstroem, Pierre E. N. Olivier, Anne F. Sell
Summary: There is a spatial and temporal coupling between ecological community composition and food web structure. Changes in community composition affect the structure of food webs, with a strong spatial coupling observed in the North Sea. However, the temporal covariation between community composition and food web structure depends on the spatial scale, with a temporal mismatch at the regional scale but a strong coupling at the local scale.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Konstantinos Tsagarakis, Simone Libralato, Marianna Giannoulaki, Konstantinos Touloumis, Stylianos Somarakis, Athanassios Machias, Constantin Frangoulis, Georgia Papantoniou, Stefanos Kavadas, Maria Th. Stoumboudi
Summary: This study developed an Ecopath ecosystem model for the North Aegean Sea and conducted simulations for past and future scenarios. The results indicate that sea temperature changes have varying effects on commercial species, and reducing fishing effort can increase biomass but decrease catches.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Ignasi Arranz, Bertrand Fournier, Nigel P. Lester, Brian J. Shuter, Pedro R. Peres-Neto
Summary: Results of the study indicate that environmental factors and species combinations play crucial roles in biomass conservation, with geographic patterns in species distribution exerting significant influence on key ecosystem functions.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Michela D'Alessandro, Federica Nasi, Larissa Ferrante, Salvatore Giacobbe
Summary: The study found that the increasing use of artificial barriers to combat coastal erosion is causing alterations to coastal ecosystems, highlighting the importance of understanding their ecological functioning. Differences were observed in species composition and functional traits between sampling periods, with beta-diversity driven by species replacement over time. An increase in certain categories of benthic organisms was recorded during in and post-operam phases.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Naoto F. Ishikawa, Nanako O. Ogawa, Yoshito Chikaraishi, Moto-omi Yamaguchi, Katsunori Fujikura, Yosuke Miyairi, Yusuke Yokoyama, Toshi Nagata, Naohiko Ohkouchi
Summary: The study analyzed the isotopic compositions of fish in the northwestern Pacific, finding that the trophic ecology of marine fish in the coastal western North Pacific is primarily controlled by two major surface water currents, with trophic positions increasing with snout length.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)