Review
Plant Sciences
Csaba Mathe, Marta M-Hamvas, Gabor Vasas, Tamas Garda, Csongor Freytag
Summary: The review focuses on the subcellular effects of cyanotoxins on plants, especially microcystins and cylindrospermopsins. These toxins have characteristic dose- and plant genotype-dependent effects on plant cellular structures, potentially leading to decreased photosynthetic efficiency, cell death, and other physiological consequences.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Brenda Y. Hernandez, Xuemei Zhu, Michelle Nagata, Lenora Loo, O. Chan, Linda L. Wong
Summary: Cyanobacteria, found worldwide in aquatic and terrestrial environments, can produce hepatotoxins. Human exposure to cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins mainly occurs through contaminated drinking water and food sources. A study on HCC patients in Hawaii showed that cyanotoxins were present in all the patients, with the highest levels in cases related to metabolic risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Cyanotoxin levels were correlated with tumor expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism. This study suggests that dysregulation of lipid metabolism and progression of hepatic steatosis may play a role in the pathogenesis of HCC.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yanyan Zhang, Sung Vo Duy, Joann K. Whalen, Gabriel Munoz, Xuesong Gao, Sebastien Sauve
Summary: This study investigates the disappearance and transformation of 9 cyanotoxins in controlled soil microcosms after 28 days. The results show that different soil conditions and microbial activity influence the elimination of cyanotoxins, with anaerobic conditions accelerating the biological dissipation process.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Oloyede A. Adekolurejo, Matthew Floyd, Alison M. Dunn, Paul Kay, Andrew P. Dean, Christopher Hassall
Summary: The combined effects of increased water temperature and microcystin concentrations as co-stressors on survival and ecological processes in freshwater species are unclear. We tested the individual and combined effects of three water temperatures and a range of microcystin and crude extract concentrations on survival, growth inhibition, grazing and predation rates in three freshwater species. Our findings highlight the importance of complex ecological mechanisms by which warming can exacerbate toxic effects of cyanobacterial bloom extracts on survival and functions among species in eutrophic freshwaters.
Article
Water Resources
Geofrey J. Mchau, Revocatus Machunda, Martin Kimanya, Edna Makule, Yun Yun Gong, Emmanuel Mpolya, Julie P. Meneely, Christopher T. Elliott, Brett Greer
Summary: The study conducted in Lake Victoria in Tanzania found the presence of multiple cyanotoxins in freshwater, with cylindrospermopsin being the most abundant toxin detected. Microcystins and anatoxin-a were also detected but in lower concentrations compared to cylindrospermopsin. This study highlights the potential health risks associated with the presence of cyanotoxins in freshwater environments.
EXPOSURE AND HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Encarnacion Romera-Garcia, Rick Helmus, Ana Ballesteros-Gomez, Petra M. Visser
Summary: The increase in cyanobacterial blooms is linked to anthropogenic factors, causing concerns for drinking water companies and water managers due to the toxins produced. Simple, sensitive, and cost-effective analytical approaches are essential for risk assessment and large-scale studies. The development of a method for the multi-class determination of cyanotoxins in fresh water, which can separately report intra- and extracellular toxins, meets validation criteria and helps in risk management.
Article
Microbiology
Brenda Y. Hernandez, Jason Biggs, Xuemei Zhu, Patrick Sotto, Michelle Nagata, Ana Joy Pacilan Mendez, Yvette Paulino
Summary: A study conducted in Guam found higher levels of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins in individuals who primarily used municipal tap water as their drinking water source and did not use store-bought water. Urine levels of cyanotoxins were also higher in individuals who consumed fruits and vegetables exclusively from local sources.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Antonio Casas-Rodriguez, Ana M. Camean, Angeles Jos
Summary: Microcystins and cylindrospermopsin can induce toxic effects in various systems and organs, including potential endocrine disruption. However, research on their endocrine disruption activity is limited and existing results are contradictory. Further studies are needed to assess the risks and understand the dose-response relationships.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Michal Saladyga, Malgorzata Kucala, Michal Adamski, Saravana Selvaraj, Ariel Kaminski
Summary: Phytoremediation is a useful method for removing cyanotoxins from water, but its efficacy is influenced by the composition of cyanobacterial mixtures. This study found that while some plants can effectively reduce intracellular toxins and cyanobacterial biomass, they can also cause an increase in toxin concentration in the medium.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Antonio Casas-Rodriguez, Rosario Moyano, Veronica Molina-Hernandez, Ana Maria Camean, Angeles Jos
Summary: This study conducted uterotrophic bioassay in ovariectomized rats to investigate the estrogenic properties of MC-LR and CYN. The results showed no changes in uterus growth but potential thyroid disruption effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Malgorzata Kucala, Michal Saladyga, Ariel Kaminski
Summary: Lemna trisulca showed potential as a phytoremediation agent for reducing cyanotoxin concentrations in water through co-cultivation with different species of cyanobacteria, affecting their growth and development, and stabilizing water conductivity and pH values.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Yein Kwon, Yejin Yoon, Moonbong Jang, Sunggu Kang, Chulhwan Park, Taek Lee
Summary: Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a freshwater algal toxin that is produced during the proliferation of harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms. The effects of global warming have contributed to the worldwide occurrence of cyano-HABs, leading to increased damage to aquatic ecosystems. CYN exhibits cell toxicity, as well as toxicity to the skin, genes, liver, and other organs. Current methods for CYN detection have limitations, and recent studies have focused on biosensor-based technologies for improved detection.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cagri Akyol, E. Gozde Ozbayram, Stefano Accoroni, Serena Radini, Anna Laura Eusebi, Stefania Gorbi, Carla Vignaroli, Simone Bacchiocchi, Debora Campacci, Fabiola Gigli, Giuseppe Farina, Meric Albay, Francesco Fatone
Summary: Monitoring and experiments in a drinking water treatment plant in Central Italy showed that using polymer(chitosan)-enhanced microfiltration (PEMF) and ultrafiltration (PEUF) can effectively remove cyanobacterial cells and microcystin, achieving removal rates of over 90% to 99%. The results demonstrate the potential of chitosan-based methods for removing cyanobacteria and toxins in drinking water sources.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Brenda Y. Hernandez, Xuemei Zhu, Patrick Sotto, Yvette Paulino
Summary: The study found that Cyanobacteria were predominant in Areca catechu and Piper betle plants, with low levels detected in oral samples but significantly higher in current AN/BQ chewers. Potential hepatotoxins like microcystin/nodularin, cylindrospermopsin, and anabaenopeptin were detected in saliva and plant samples, suggesting Cyanobacteria contamination in AN/BQ plants and exposure to chewers. This has broad implications for cancer risk globally as Cyanobacteria overgrowth increases.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Leticia Diez-Quijada, Maria Puerto, Daniel Gutierrez-Praena, Maria Turkina, Alexandre Campos, Vitor Vasconcelos, Ana M. Camean, Angeles Jos
Summary: This study assessed the cytotoxic effects and gene expression changes in renal cells caused by CYN and MC-LR. The results showed that CYN upregulated gene expression, especially at high concentrations and long exposure times. Additionally, simultaneous exposure to both cyanotoxins resulted in more protein expression changes compared to single toxin exposure.