Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alison Talbert, Moses Ngari, Christina Obiero, Amek Nyaguara, Martha Mwangome, Neema Mturi, Nelson Ouma, Mark Otiende, James Berkley
Summary: The number of young infants admitted to a county hospital in Kenya is increasing. The inpatient case fatality rate is 16% and the 1-year post-discharge mortality rate is 5.7%. Inpatient deaths are associated with disease severity, while post-discharge deaths are associated with hospitalization length, leaving against advice, and referral. This highlights the need for improved post-discharge care and services.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mandeep Sura, Alfred Osoti, Onesmus Gachuno, Rachel Musoke, Frank Kagema, George Gwako, Diana Ondieki, Patrick M. Ndavi, Omondi Ogutu
Summary: The study found that in preterm neonates, UCM and DCC had similar outcomes for neonatal hemoglobin, hematocrit, anemia, and maternal primary postpartum hemorrhage, but UCM had a lower incidence of neonatal polycythemia and clinical jaundice compared to DCC.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Silje Pettersen, Ragnhild Sorum Falk, Siri Vangen, Lill Trine Nyflot
Summary: Based on a hospital study conducted in Norway, we found an increasing trend of severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and related blood transfusions during a 10-year period from 2008 to 2017. The incidence rate of severe PPH doubled and the rate of women receiving blood transfusion due to PPH also increased during this period.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Eda Mumo, Nathan O. O. Agutu, Angela K. K. Moturi, Anitah Cherono, Samuel K. K. Muchiri, Robert W. W. Snow, Victor A. A. Alegana
Summary: This study develops geo-spatial models to assess the accessibility and competition of blood transfusion services in Bungoma County, Western Kenya. The findings show uneven distribution of transfusion centers in the county, with low accessibility for certain populations and urban hospitals having a competitive advantage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Karthik Thangappan, Stephen Fatuzzo, Farhan Zafar, David Winlaw, David Lehenbauer, Sarosh Batlivala, James F. Cnota, Andrew Redington, James S. Tweddell, David L. S. Morales
Summary: This study examines the evolving management strategies for neonates with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) during their hospital stay. The study analyzed the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database and identified 2030 out of 6021 neonates diagnosed with ToF who underwent interventions such as total repair, systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, and percutaneous stent. The study found that regional practices varied, with different interventions being most frequent in different regions.
ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
John Mwita Morobe, Everlyn Kamau, Nickson Murunga, Winfred Gatua, Martha M. Luka, Clement Lewa, Robinson Cheruiyot, Martin Mutunga, Calleb Odundo, D. James Nokes, Charles N. Agoti
Summary: The study conducted at Kilifi County Hospital in Kenya found 144 different types of rhinoviruses among pediatric patients, with multiple types co-circulating within different months. The research also observed that sustained rhinovirus infections were mainly due to frequent invasion by new types and variants.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sanaa M. Aly, Samar Elfiky, Yasmine G. Mohamed, Radwa A. M. Soliman, Nancy Shalaby, Nicolas Beauval, Jean-Michel Gaulier, Delphine Allorge, Ahmed Omran
Summary: This study aimed to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) in various blood products to explore the probability of concurrent exposure of these heavy metals (HMs) and to identify the metal load per transfusion with risk assessment. The results showed that Pb and Cd levels were higher than normal in a certain percentage of blood units, and the concentrations of Pb and Cd surpassed the recommended levels for premature neonates in some cases. The study also revealed significant concurrent exposure of neonates to Pb, Hg, and Cd, and the potential developmental neurotoxicity associated with these heavy metals.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tina Noutsos, Maree A. Perry, Paul J. Secombe, David J. Roxby, Romi Sinha, Lewis T. Campbell
Summary: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess the epidemiology and specificity of red cell (RC) alloimmunisation in First Nations Australian ICU patients. The study found that First Nations patients had a higher risk of clinically significant alloimmunisation due to RC transfusion. This highlights the importance of cautious use of RC transfusions and shared decision-making with patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natnael Moges, Kassaye Ahmed, Dires Birhanu, Fekadesellasie Belege, Asrat Dimtse, Gashaw Kerebeh, Belayneh Dessie Kassa, Kumlachew Geta, Keder Essa Oumer, Edgeit Abebe Zewde, Anteneh Mengist Dessie, Denekew Tenaw Anley, Solomon Demis, Fisha Alebel GebreEyesus, Berihun Bantie
Summary: This study aimed to assess the surgical outcome and identify predictors of newborns with esophageal atresia admitted at Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital. The results showed that only 25% of newborns had successful surgical outcomes, and the poor surgical outcomes were associated with severe thrombocytopenia, timing of surgery, aspiration pneumonia, and related abnormalities.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Janneke Berecki-Gisolf, Tharanga Fernando, Angelo D'Elia
Summary: Due to advancements in trauma treatment methods, survivability of hospital-admitted injuries is expected to improve over time. However, measuring trends in injury survivability is complicated by changes in case mix, demographics, and hospital admission policy. This study aims to determine trends in hospital-admitted injury survivability in Victoria, Australia, while taking case mix and patient demographics into account, and to explore the potential impact of changes in hospital admission practices.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Flavia Rosa-Mangeret, Sophie Waldvogel-Abramowski, Riccardo E. Pfister, Olivier Baud, Sebastien Fau
Summary: This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of transfusing red blood cell concentrates through 24G silicone and 28G polyurethane PICC lines in vitro, with no detectable hemolysis or pressure concerns. It also suggests that, in terms of hemolysis, transfusing RBCC through small and extra-small PICC lines is non-inferior to peripheral short 24G catheters. Further clinical prospective assessment in preterm infants is needed to confirm these findings.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Demeke Mesfin Belay, Workie Zemene Worku, Amare Wondim, Habtamu Shimels Hailemeskel, Wubet Alebachew Bayih
Summary: This study aimed to assess the survival probability and predictors of mortality among preterm neonates at Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital. The results showed that the incidence of mortality among preterm neonates was consistent with the national average. Factors such as respiratory distress syndrome, perinatal asphyxia, breastfeeding, kangaroo mother care, admission weight, and jaundice were significant predictors of survival. Therefore, attention should be given to intensive phototherapy, optimal calorie feeding, oxygenation, and good thermal care for admitted preterm neonates.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Hematology
Patricia Davenport, Martha Sola-Visner
Summary: Recent studies have shown that RBC transfusions in neonates can increase pro-inflammatory cytokines, with sex-specific responses. Platelet transfusions in preterm neonates are associated with increased mortality and morbidity, potentially due to immune/inflammatory effects of transfused platelets.
CURRENT OPINION IN HEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Michael Mazzeffi, Joseph Rabin, Kristopher Deatrick, Eric Krause, Ronson Madathil, Alison Grazioli, Allison Bathula, Bryon Jackson, Bradley Taylor, Michael Plazak
Summary: Thrombocytopenia during ECMO is associated with higher in-hospital mortality, especially in patients who receive 4 or more platelet transfusions. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine appropriate indications for platelet transfusion in ECMO patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christophe Marti, Christophe Gaudet-Blavignac, Jeremy Martin, Christian Lovis, Jerome Stirnemann, Olivier Grosgurin, Fiona Novotny, Anne Iten, Aline Mendes, Virginie Prendki, Christine Serratrice, Pauline Darbellay Farhoumand, Nour Abidi, Pauline Vetter, Sebastian Carballo, Jean-Luc Reny, Amandine Berner, Angele Gayet-Ageron
Summary: Therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 patients in Switzerland were adapted during the second wave, leading to a reduction in hospital mortality, ICU admission, and length of hospital stay compared to the first wave. These adaptations included the use of corticosteroids therapy and increased admission to the IMCU for non-invasive respiratory support. The increased number of patients admitted during the second wave was accompanied by a higher proportion of medical decisions restraining ICU admission, indicating potential improvement in patient selection or implicit triaging.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sophie Uyoga, Perpetual Wanjiku, Jesse C. Rop, Johnstone Makale, Alexander W. Macharia, Gideon M. Nyutu, Mohammed Shebe, Kennedy A. Awuondo, Neema Mturi, Charles J. Woodrow, Arjen M. Dondorp, Kathryn Maitland, Thomas N. Williams
Summary: The clinical severity of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections is directly related to the total parasite load, with higher parasite counts found in uncomplicated cases. The concentration of PfHRP2 also increases with severity, except in cases of severe malaria with concomitant bacterial infections where it is significantly lower. A quantitative test for plasma concentrations of PfHRP2 may aid in identifying children at the greatest clinical risk and differentiating critically ill children with malaria as a secondary cause.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Sophie Uyoga, Elizabeth C. George, Imelda Bates, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Yami Chimalizeni, Elizabeth M. Molyneux, Kathryn Maitland
Summary: Point-of-care haemoglobin testing is increasingly popular globally, but remains neglected in African health services. Prioritizing the use of POC Hb can lead to more rapid and accurate diagnosis of anemia, saving lives and reducing unnecessary transfusions in Africa.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Kathryn Maitland, Sarah Kiguli, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Robert O. Opoka, Yami Chimalizeni, Florence Alaroker, Sophie Uyoga, Dorothy Kyeyune-Byabazaire, Bridon M'baya, Imelda Bates, Thomas N. Williams, Deogratias Munube, Dora Mbanya, Elizabeth M. Molyneux, Annabelle South, A. Sarah Walker, Diana M. Gibb, Elizabeth C. George
Summary: The TRACT trial found that conservative management of uncomplicated severe anaemia was safe, and that transfusion volume had opposing effects on mortality depending on fever status. A stakeholder meeting in 2020 reviewed the results and additional analyses, leading to the development of a transfusion management algorithm for safe implementation.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
K. Maitland, S. Kiguli, P. Olupot-Olupot, M. Hamaluba, K. Thomas, F. Alaroker, R. O. Opoka, A. Tagoola, V. Bandika, A. Mpoya, H. Mnjella, E. Nabawanuka, W. Okiror, M. Nakuya, D. Aromut, C. Engoru, E. Oguda, T. N. Williams, J. F. Fraser, D. A. Harrison, K. Rowan
Summary: The study conducted a trial on the role of oxygen therapy in severe pneumonia in African children, finding that the use of high-flow nasal therapy may be beneficial, prompting further research to confirm.
INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jenna Jones, Susan Allen, Jan Davies, Timothy Driscoll, Gemma Ellis, Greg Fegan, Theresa Foster, Nick Francis, Saiful Islam, Matt Morgan, Prabath W. B. Nanayakkara, Gavin D. Perkins, Alison Porter, Timothy Rainer, Samuel Ricketts, Bernadette Sewell, Tracy Shanahan, Fang Gao Smith, Michael A. Smyth, Helen Snooks, Chris Moore
Summary: This study assessed the feasibility of paramedics identifying and treating severe sepsis in the prehospital phase, including collecting blood cultures and administering intravenous antibiotics. The results showed that paramedics had the ability to recognize and manage sepsis patients, and there were no significant differences in major adverse events between the intervention and control groups.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Paul Clarkson, Rosa Pitts, Saiful Islam, Julie Peconi, Ian Russell, Greg Fegan, Rebecca Beresford, Charlotte Entwistle, Vincent Gillan, Martin Orrell, David Challis, Helen Chester, Jane Hughes, Narinder Kapur, Brenda Roe, Baber Malik, Catherine Robinson
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of memory aids and guidance by dementia support practitioners on people in early-stage dementia. However, the intervention did not maintain independence in the activities of daily living for people with dementia and did not show improvement in other outcomes.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julie Peconi, Claire O'Neill, Greg Fegan, Kirsty Lanyon, Timothy Driscoll, Ashley Akbari, Alan Watkins, Rachel Abbott
Summary: This study aims to understand how primary schools in Wales are responding to the increasing incidence of skin cancer and explore the effectiveness of sun safety policies in schools on knowledge and behavior. It has the potential to inform future prevention activities and reduce the number of skin cancer cases in the future, keeping people healthier for longer.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Susan O'Connell, Saiful Islam, Bernadette Sewell, Angela Farr, Laura Knight, Nadim Bashir, Rhiannon Harries, Sian Jones, Andrew Cleves, Greg Fegan, Alan Watkins, Jared Torkington
Summary: The study compared the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Hughes abdominal closure method with standard mass closure method in patients undergoing surgical resection for colorectal cancer. The results showed that Hughes abdominal closure did not significantly reduce the occurrence of incisional hernias compared to standard mass closure. Computed tomography scanning was found to be more effective in detecting incisional hernias than clinical examination.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Olivia Lucey, Susan Acana, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Rita Muhindo, Ronald Ayikobua, Sophie Uyoga, Dorothy Kyeyune-Byabazaire, Graham Cooke, Kathryn Maitland
Summary: Adequate supplies of donor blood is a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Uganda where confirmatory testing for transfusion-transmitted infections is lacking. This study aims to determine the false discovery rate of the Architect anti-HCV screening assay and develop an algorithm for confirmatory testing, in order to reduce unnecessary blood wastage and donor deferral.
Article
Health Policy & Services
D. Cappo, B. Mutamba, K. Ayesiga, E. Kebirungi, D. Chelangat, G. Fegan, S. T. Jacob, E. Nsangi, I. Ntabazi, D. Nalubwama, N. Nakasujja, E. Odoki, P. Odoi, I. Mpairwe, F. Verity
Summary: In Uganda, low resources and inadequate supports for mental health provision led to the development of the YouBelong Home intervention. Qualitative findings from the CHaRISMA project explored how to refine the intervention, aiming to reduce readmissions at Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital.
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Cerys Jenkins, Freya Woods, Susan Chandler, Kym Carter, Rhys Jenkins, Andrew Cunningham, Kayleigh Nelson, Rachel Still, Jenna A. Walters, Non Gwynn, Wilson Chea, Rachel Harford, Claire O'Neill, Julie Hepburn, Ian Hill, Heather Wilkes, Greg Fegan, Peter Dunstan, Dean A. Harris
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a novel spectroscopy-based blood test for colorectal cancer in primary care. The blood test, called Raman-CRC, showed promising results in identifying patients most likely to have colorectal cancer, supporting its potential use as a triage tool to prioritize referrals and improve cancer outcomes.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Laurie Smith, Alexandra Coxon-Meggy, Michael Shinkwin, Julie Cornish, Alan Watkins, Greg Fegan, Jared Torkington, HART Trial Collaborators
Summary: This study aimed to assess the rates of incisional hernia (IH) at 1 year following abdominal wall closure between junior and senior surgeons in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. The results showed that patients closed by trainees had a higher rate of IH (20%) compared to those closed by consultants (12%). Additionally, age, sex, and closure method were identified as risk factors for IH.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Surgery
J. Torkington, R. Harries, S. O'Connell, L. Knight, S. Islam, N. Bashir, A. Watkins, G. Fegan, J. Cornish, B. Rees, H. Cole, H. Jarvis, S. Jones, I Russell, D. Bosanquet, A. Cleves, B. Sewell, A. Farr, N. Zbrzyzna, N. Fiera, R. Ellis-Owen, Z. Hilton, C. Parry, A. Bradbury, T. Rockall, A. Windsor, V Allgar, W. Hollingworth, C. Lovell-Smith, J. Hepburn, M. Gudgeon, R. Gabe, C. Thomson, P. Wall, J. Hill, D. Winter, K. Cocks, D. Harris, J. Hilton, S. Vakis, D. Hanratty, R. Rajagopal, F. Akbar, A. Ben-Sassi, N. Francis, L. Jones, M. Williamson, I Lindsey, R. West, C. Smart, P. Ziprin, T. Agarwal, G. Faulkner, T. Pinkney, D. Vimalachandran, D. Lawes, O. Faiz, P. Nisar, N. Smart, T. Wilson, A. Myers, J. Lund, S. Smolarek, A. Acheson, J. Horwood, J. Ansell, S. Phillips, M. Davies, L. Davies, S. Bird, N. Palmer, M. Williams, G. Galanopoulos, P. Dhruva Rao, D. Jones, R. Barnett, S. Tate, J. Wheat, N. Patel, S. Rahmani, E. Toynton, L. Smith, N. Reeves, E. Kealaher, G. Williams, C. Sekaran, M. Evans, J. Beynon, R. Egan, E. Qasem, U. Khot, S. Ather, P. Mummigati, G. Taylor, J. Williamson, J. Lim, A. Powell, H. Nageswaran, A. Williams, J. Padmanabhan, K. Phillips, T. Ford, J. Edwards, N. Varney, L. Hicks, C. Greenway, K. Chesters, H. Jones, P. Blake, C. Brown, L. Roche, M. Feeney, P. Shah, C. Rutter, C. McGrath, N. Curtis, L. Pippard, J. Perry, J. Allison, J. Ockrim, R. Dalton, A. Allison, J. Rendell, L. Howard, K. Beesley, G. Dennison, J. Burton, G. Bowen, S. Duberley, L. Richards, J. Giles, J. Katebe, S. Dalton, J. Wood, E. Courtney, R. Hompes, A. Poole, S. Ward, L. Wilkinson, L. Hardstaff, M. Bogden, M. Al-Rashedy, C. Fensom, N. Lunt, M. McCurrie, R. Peacock, K. Malik, H. Burns, B. Townley, P. Hill, M. Sadat, U. Khan, C. Wignall, D. Murati, M. Dhanaratne, S. Quaid, S. Gurram, D. Smith, P. Harris, J. Pollard, G. DiBenedetto, J. Chadwick, R. Hull, S. Bach, D. Morton, K. Hollier, V Hardy, M. Ghods, D. Tyrrell, S. Ashraf, J. Glasbey, M. Ashraf, S. Garner, A. Whitehouse, D. Yeung, S. Noor Mohamed, R. Wilkin, N. Suggett, C. Lee, A. Bagul, C. McNeill, N. Eardley, R. Mahapatra, C. Gabriel, P. Datt, S. Mahmud, I Daniels, F. McDermott, M. Nodolsk, L. Park, H. Scott, J. Trickett, P. Bearn, P. Trivedi, V Frost, C. Gray, M. Croft, D. Beral, J. Osborne, R. Pugh, G. Herdman, R. George, A-M Howell, S. Al-Shahaby, B. Narendrakumar, Y. Mohsen, S. Ijaz, M. Nasseri, P. Herrod, T. Brear, J-J Reilly, A. Sohal, C. Otieno, W. Lai, M. Coleman, E. Platt, A. Patrick, C. Pitman, S. Balasubramanya, E. Dickson, R. Warman, C. Newton, S. Tani, J. Simpson, A. Banerjee, A. Siddika, D. Campion, D. Humes, N. Randhawa, J. Saunders, B. Bharathan, O. Hay
Summary: The incidence of incisional hernia after colorectal cancer surgery is high. There was no statistical difference in incidence between Hughes closure and mass closure at 1 or 2 years. Adverse events were similar in the two groups, apart from a higher rate of surgical-site infection in the Hughes group.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Nuala Calder, Kevin Walsh, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Tonny Ssenyondo, Rita Muhindo, Ayub Mpoya, Jerusa Brignardello, Xuedan Wang, Eleanor McKay, Douglas Morrison, Elaine Holmes, Gary Frost, Kathryn Maitland
Summary: A pilot trial in Uganda compared feeds targeting disordered gastrointestinal function in African children with severe acute malnutrition. There were no significant differences in weight gain, mortality, or edema resolution among different feed groups. Legume-enriched feeds supported aspects of gut function and the microbiome.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Medical Informatics
Greg Fegan, Phaik Yeong Cheah
LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH
(2021)