Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Hanna K. Sanoff
Summary: The cure rate for nonmetastatic rectal cancer has been improving over the years, with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy being the routine treatment. Recent studies have shown that adding multiagent chemotherapy to radiation therapy before proctectomy can significantly increase the 3-year disease-free survival rate. However, this treatment approach also comes with severe long-term sequelae.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Giuditta Chiloiro, Luca Boldrini, Francesco Preziosi, Davide Cusumano, Poonam Yadav, Angela Romano, Lorenzo Placidi, Jacopo Lenkowicz, Nicola Dinapoli, Michael F. Bassetti, Maria Antonietta Gambacorta, Vincenzo Valentini
Summary: This study evaluates a delta radiomics approach in predicting 2-year disease-free survival for LARC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, finding significant predictive value in the variation of area/surface ratio.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeonghee Han, Jong Ho Kim, Jin-Won Lee, Sang Hyup Han, Haesung Kim
Summary: This study found that the use of metformin before preoperative CCRT is significantly associated with good tumor response in rectal cancer.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yueli Zhu, Xiaoming Guo, Qin Zhang, Yunmei Yang
Summary: This meta-analysis investigated the prognostic value of sarcopenia for overall survival in patients with rectal cancer, finding a significant association between sarcopenia and survival outcomes in these patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yueli Zhu, Xiaoming Guo, Qin Zhang, Yunmei Yang
Summary: This meta-analysis assessed the prognostic value of sarcopenia for overall survival in patients with rectal cancer. The results showed a significant association between sarcopenia and worse overall survival in these patients.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yi Sun, Xiang Zhang, Chuandi Jin, Kaile Yue, Dashuang Sheng, Tao Zhang, Xue Dou, Jing Liu, Hongbiao Jing, Lei Zhang, Jinbo Yue
Summary: This study investigated the changes in the gut microbiome and blood immunomodulators in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer during neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (nCCRT). The results showed that these changes were associated with treatment outcomes and could be used to predict the efficacy of nCCRT and guide personalized treatment.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Chia-Lin Chou, Tzu-Ju Chen, Wan-Shan Li, Sung-Wei Lee, Ching-Chieh Yang, Yu-Feng Tian, Cheng-Yi Lin, Hong -Lin He, Hung-Chang Wu, Yow-Ling Shiue, Chien-Feng Li, Yu-Hsuan Kuo
Summary: This study found that high UBD expression in rectal cancer patients is associated with better clinical prognosis, favorable pathological features, and good treatment response.
ONCOTARGETS AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Po-Jung Chen, Wei-Chih Su, Tsung-Kun Chang, Yen-Cheng Chen, Ching-Chun Li, Tzu-Chieh Yin, Hsiang-Lin Tsai, Cheng-Jen Ma, Ching-Wen Huang, Jaw-Yuan Wang
Summary: This study examined the oncological outcomes of patients with rectal cancer undergoing robotic-assisted total mesorectal excision (TME) after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Results showed that robotic-assisted TME is safe and effective for treating stage II-III rectal cancer patients, with acceptable short-term oncological outcomes. It may be considered as a therapeutic alternative for salvage surgery in T4 tumors invading adjacent organs.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Xiaofeng Jiang, Hengyu Zhao, Oliver Lester Saldanha, Sven Nebelung, Christiane Kuhl, Iakovos Amygdalos, Sven Arke Lang, Xiaojian Wu, Xiaochun Meng, Daniel Truhn, Jakob Nikolas Kather, Jia Ke
Summary: A deep learning model based on preoperative MRI scans was developed and validated to predict survival in patients with rectal cancer.
Article
Oncology
Yi-Jung Huang, Yi-Ting Chen, Chun-Ming Huang, Shih-Hsun Kuo, Yan-You Liao, Wun-Ya Jhang, Shuo-Hung Wang, Chien-Chih Ke, Yu-Hsiang Huang, Chiu-Min Cheng, Ming-Yii Huang, Chih-Hung Chuang
Summary: This study examined the impact of hyperglycemia on radiochemotherapy resistance in patients with rectal cancer. It found that rectal cancer patients with hyperglycemia had poorer prognosis indicators. In a high glucose environment, rectal cancer cells expressed higher levels of GLUT1, OGT, and HIF-1 alpha, promoting tolerance to chemotherapy and radiation. However, combining HIF-1 alpha inhibitors could reverse radioresistance in hyperglycemic rectal cancer. Lower levels of HIF-1 alpha increased DNA damage in tumors and induced apoptosis.
Article
Oncology
Jiale Gao, Xiao Zhang, Zhengyang Yang, Jie Zhang, Zhigang Bai, Wei Deng, Guangyong Chen, Rui Xu, Qi Wei, Yishan Liu, Jiagang Han, Ang Li, Gang Liu, Yi Sun, Dalu Kong, Hongwei Yao, Zhongtao Zhang
Summary: This study aims to explore the safety and efficacy of long-course chemoradiotherapy combined with concurrent tislelizumab as a neoadjuvant treatment regimen for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The results showed that this regimen has favorable safety and efficacy, and does not increase the complication rate of surgery, achieving a high rate of pathological complete remission.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Markus Diefenhardt, Daniel Martin, Maximilian Fleischmann, Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz, Michael Ghadimi, Claus Roedel, Emmanouil Fokas
Summary: This cohort study suggests that advancements in salvage strategies during the past decades have likely improved overall survival among patients with rectal cancer who experienced treatment failure.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Justin A. Shyer, Shannon J. Turley, Louis Vermeulen
Summary: In this study, Qin et al. conducted a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomics analysis of the tumor microenvironment of rectal cancer tumors before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Deborah Schrag, Qian Shi, Martin R. Weiser, Marc J. Gollub, Leonard B. Saltz, Benjamin L. Musher, Joel Goldberg, Tareq Al Baghdadi, Karyn A. Goodman, Robert R. McWilliams, Jeffrey M. Farma, Thomas J. George, Hagen F. Kennecke, Ardaman Shergill, Michael Montemurro, Garth D. Nelson, Brian Colgrove, Vallerie Gordon, Alan P. Venook, Eileen M. O'Reilly, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Amylou C. Dueck, Ethan Basch, George J. Chang, Harvey J. Mamon
Summary: Preoperative FOLFOX chemotherapy is as effective as preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer eligible for sphincter-sparing surgery.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yi Yuan, Hong Pu, Guang-wen Chen, Xiao-li Chen, Yi-Sha Liu, Hao Liu, Kang Wang, Hang Li
Summary: The study aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of DW-MRI volume and ADC values in assessing LNM and good response after CRT in LARC patients. The results showed that DW-MRI Δ volume provided high diagnostic performance in discriminating LNM after CRT, and was equally accurate as post-CRT DW-MRI volume for evaluating good response.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Slimane Tounekti, Mahdi Alizadeh, Devon Middleton, James S. Harrop, Bassem Hiba, Laura Krisa, Choukri Mekkaoui, Feroze B. Mohamed
Summary: This study proposes and demonstrates a new method combining reduced field-of-view strategy with phase segmented EPI to address geometric distortion in post-operative DTI scans of patients with metal implants. The results show that the new method outperforms traditional techniques in reducing distortion.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2024)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Silvia Minosse, Eliseo Picchi, Valentina Ferrazzoli, Noemi Pucci, Valerio Da Ros, Raffaella Giocondo, Roberto Floris, Francesco Garaci, Francesca Di Giuliano
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the variation of DCE-MRI-derived kinetic parameters in brain tumors as a function of acquisition time. The results showed that K-ep and V-e were time-dependent and required longer scan times to obtain reliable parameter values, while K-trans was time-independent and remained the same in all acquisition times, making it a reliable parameter for short acquisition times.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2024)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Xingmin Guan, Xinheng Zhang, Hsin-Jung Yang, Rohan Dharmakumar
Summary: This study aims to investigate why DIR-prepared dark-blood T2* weighted images have lower SNR, CNR, and diagnostic accuracy for intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) detection compared to non-DIR-prepared bright-blood T2* images. Through phantom and animal studies, it was confirmed that the signal loss on DIR-prepared T2* images mainly originates from spin-relaxation during the DIR preparation. Therefore, when used for IMH detection, extra attention should be paid to the SNR of DIR-prepared dark-blood T2* imaging protocols.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2024)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Beatriz Laureano, Hassna Irzan, Helen OReilly, Sebastian Ourselin, Neil Marlow, Andrew Melbourne
Summary: Prematurity and preterm stressors have significant effects on the development of infants, especially at earlier gestations. While neonatal care advances have reduced preterm mortality rates, disability rates continue to grow in middle-income settings. Imaging the preterm brain using MR technology has improved our understanding of its development and the affected regions and networks. This research aims to support interventions, improve neurodevelopment, and provide accurate prognoses for preterm infants. This study focuses on the fully developed brain of extremely preterm subjects and examines myelin-related biomarkers to assess long-term effects. The findings suggest altered connectivity and cognitive outcomes in the adult preterm brain.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2024)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Julian Rauch, Frederik B. Laun, Peter Bachert, Mark E. Ladd, Tristan A. Kuder
Summary: This study presents a method for reducing concomitant field effects in double diffusion encoding (DDE) sequences by adding oscillating gradient pulses. The modified sequences successfully reduced accumulated concomitant phase without significant changes in the original sequence characteristics. The proposed method led to an increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for phantom and in vivo experiments, supported by simulations.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2024)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Marlon Bran Lorenzana, Shekhar S. Chandra, Feng Liu
Summary: Sparse reconstruction is important in MRI for reducing acquisition time and improving spatial-temporal resolution. This paper introduces two decoupling techniques for explicit 1D regularization and a combined 1D + 2D reconstruction technique that improves image quality.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2024)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yifan Gou, W. Christopher Golden, Zixuan Lin, Jennifer Shepard, Aylin Tekes, Zhiyi Hu, Xin Li, Kumiko Oishi, Marilyn Albert, Hanzhang Lu, Peiying Liu, Dengrong Jiang
Summary: ARTS algorithm improves the reliability of Y-v estimation in noncompliant subjects, enhancing the utility of Y-v as a biomarker for brain diseases.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2024)