Article
Polymer Science
Linlin Jin, Junkai Tian, Jiawei Li, Xiaofei Yan, Dongming Qi
Summary: In this study, a series of acrylic-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) graft copolymer latexes were synthesized, with high PDMS content up to 50%. The effect of PDMS side chains on the water barrier performance of these latex films and their utility in anti-corrosion coatings was investigated. The results showed that the increase in PDMS content had a significantly positive impact on the water barrier performance, and the graft copolymer exhibited improved corrosion resistance. Additionally, the change in the PDMS phase in the latex films made them suitable for waterborne anti-corrosion silicone coatings.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nicolo Manfredini, Manuel Merigo, Juri Ilare, Mattia Sponchioni, Davide Moscatelli
Summary: In this work, stable limonene-in-water Pickering emulsions were successfully produced by synthesizing biodegradable nanoparticles through a combination of polymerization techniques. The size of the oil phase and wetting properties of limonene could be strictly controlled by tuning the physico-chemical properties of the nanoparticles. The adoption of thermo-responsive polymer chains within the emulsifiers allowed on-demand destabilization of the emulsions for selective dispensing of limonene by increasing the temperature.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yung-Chun Lin, Amit K. Tripathi, John G. Tsavalas
Summary: The study successfully synthesized multilobed composite polymer particles through two-stage seeded emulsion polymerization, allowing control over the number and shape of lobes on seeds of different sizes. This provides a theoretical basis for potential applications in targeted porous suprastructures.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Nicole Ziegenbalg, Juliane Eberhardt, Sebastian Staedter, Stephanie Hoeppener, Steffi Stumpf, Johannes C. Brendel
Summary: Aqueous emulsion or suspension polymerizations are widely used industrial processes, while dispersion polymerizations for stable particle dispersions are not common due to limited suitable monomers. In this study, Nacryloyl thiomorpholine (NAT) was found to be a promising candidate for aqueous dispersion polymerizations. By adding a surfactant and using low monomer concentrations, well-defined dispersions with monomodal size distributions can be obtained. The oxidation of NAT allows postpolymerization modifications, resulting in water-swollen microgels.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Thaissa C. Chaparro, Rodrigo D. Silva, Pierre-Yves Dugas, Franck D'Agosto, Muriel Lansalot, Amilton Martins dos Santos, Elodie Bourgeat-Lami
Summary: The study demonstrates the synthesis of Laponite-based composite latexes using RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization, showing that PAA macroRAFT agents lead to unstable latexes while PEG-based RAFT copolymers favor morphology control. The presence of BA units in the macroRAFT structure further helps in confining the polymerization on the clay surface and tuning the morphology of the particles.
Review
Polymer Science
Yubin Wang, Baojiang Sun, Zhiwei Hao, Jianhua Zhang
Summary: Hybrid latex particles, which combine inorganic nano/micro particles with polymers, have shown great potential for various applications. In recent years, there has been increased interest in designing and preparing hybrid latex particles with well-defined size, structure, and morphology. In situ (Pickering) emulsion polymerization has been proven to be a powerful method for large-scale preparation of hybrid latex particles due to its simplicity, versatility, and environmental friendliness. This review systematically summarizes the strategies and applications of in situ (Pickering) emulsion polymerization for the preparation of hybrid latex particles, with a focus on enhancing properties and achieving well-defined morphologies such as core-shell, yolk-shell, multinuclear, raspberry-like, dumbbell-shaped, multipod-like, or armored structures. The presented advances, examples, and principles in this review aim to inspire further research on current preparation technologies, development of new processes, and exploration of hybrid latex particles with outstanding characteristics and properties.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rajasree Shanmuganathan, Badrinarayan Rath, Hesham S. Almoallim, Tahani Awad Alahmadi, G. K. Jhanani, Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi, T. R. Praveenkumar, S. Manigandan
Summary: The majority of industrial products, including paint latex, become persistent organic pollutants after their expiry date, posing significant harm to the environment and human health. Approximately 20% of unsold color paints end up as hazardous waste in landfills. This research aims to improve the workability and properties of geo-polymer concrete by utilizing waste paint latex as a performance-improving admixture, as traditional cement is being phased out in the construction industry.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jie Zhang, Chen Wang, Hanying Zhao
Summary: This study reports a simple and environmentally-friendly approach for the fabrication of smart latex films with dynamic surfaces. Latex particles with specific core and shell compositions are synthesized using a surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method. The kinetics of the polymerization process are investigated, and the resulting latex particles are characterized using microscopy and scattering techniques. The properties of the latex films change after drying and water treatment.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yan Gao, Qing Yin, Xiaoye Geng, Xingxiang Zhang, Wei Li, Y. Gao, X. Geng, X. Zhang, W. Li
Summary: This study investigates the influence of the length of the alkyl side chain of comb-like acrylate polymer on the photochromic properties of Spiropyran (SP) materials. It demonstrates that comb-like acrylate polymer nanoparticle latexes with longer side chains exhibit better photoresponsivity and photodegradation resistance compared to those with shorter side chains. The findings suggest potential applications in reversible optical data storage, photo-responsive sensing systems, ultraviolet intensity indicators, and flexible wearable UV protective clothing.
Correction
Polymer Science
Adrian Perez, Emily Kynaston, Christopher Lindsay, Nicholas Ballard
Summary: This paper presents a correction to the method of incorporating semi-crystalline domains into structured latex particles via solvent-aided emulsion polymerization.
Article
Polymer Science
Thiago R. Guimaraes, Y. Loong Bong, Steven W. Thompson, Graeme Moad, Sebastien Perrier, Per B. Zetterlund
Summary: This study investigates the effect of the Z-group of RAFT agents on the nucleation step of aqueous RAFT PISA, revealing that the hydrophilicity of the Z-group influences the polymerization rates and chain extension success.
Article
Polymer Science
Glenn K. K. Clothier, Thiago R. Guimaraes, Graeme Moad, Per B. Zetterlund
Summary: The study investigates the synthesis of multiblock copolymers using seeded RAFT emulsion polymerization and how experimental conditions affect the control over molecular weight distribution (MWD). It was found that high T-g values of polymer particles lead to reduced control over MWD via the RAFT mechanism.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
A. Czajka, G. Liao, O. O. Mykhaylyk, S. P. Armes
Summary: This study focuses on the formation of polymer/silica nanocomposite particles through surfactant-free aqueous emulsion polymerization, monitoring key parameters using various techniques to understand the process.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Miroslava Nedyalkova, Giovanni Russo, Philip Loche, Marco Lattuada
Summary: Seeded emulsion polymerization is a well-known method for preparing polymer particles with controlled size and shape. The use of surfactants is critical in guaranteeing colloidal stability and influencing particle morphology. The presence or absence of surfactants can tune the morphology of the particles. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into the mechanism and behavior of surfactants during the polymerization process.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Linlin Jin, Junkai Tian, Xin Li, Jiawei Li, Dongming Qi
Summary: Water-based protective coatings are popular due to their low toxicity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. However, improving water barrier performance is challenging. In this study, an environmentally friendly short-chain perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid (PFPE-MMA) material was synthesized and a series of PFPE-based polyacrylates were prepared using RAFT miniemulsion copolymerization. The addition of crystalline stearyl methacrylate (SMA) to PFPE-based polyacrylates promoted PFPE chains to migrate toward the air/film interface, resulting in exceptional wettability and water resistance, and remarkable water barrier properties.
Article
Polymer Science
Ainara Agirre, Miren Aguirre, Jose R. Leiza
Summary: The grafting properties of ABS latexes were accurately characterized by analyzing the composition of the soluble and insoluble phases using NMR and ATR-FTIR techniques. The results provide insights into the polymerization mechanism and final properties of ABS polymers.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Maria Barrenetxe, Amaia Agirre, Jose Santos, Adrian Badia, Jose R. Leiza, Aitor Barquero
Summary: This study compares the polymerization performance of 2-octyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, along with their methacrylic analogues. Similar polymerization kinetics are observed, but there are important differences in the microstructure.
MACROMOLECULAR REACTION ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mariana Allasia, Miren Aguirre, Luis M. Gugliotta, Roque J. Minari, Jose Ramon Leiza
Summary: Growing environmental regulations are driving the synthesis of sustainable materials. This study focuses on the synthesis of high biobased content waterborne latexes using emulsion polymerization. Partially biobased commercial monomers and methacrylated casein are used to optimize the formulation. The resulting films demonstrate promising mechanical properties, solvent resistance, and biodegradability, suggesting the potential for high biobased content binders for waterborne coatings.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Oihane Llorente, Aitor Barquero, Maria Paulis, Jose Ramon Leiza
Summary: The emulsion polymerization of bio-based monomer IBOMA was studied, and the high hydrophobicity was found to affect the polymerization process. Stable latexes were obtained by copolymerizing with 2-OA. A stability map for IBOMA/2-OA copolymers was provided based on the IBOMA concentration and latex solids content.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Inaki Emaldi, Edurne Erkizia, Jose Ramon Leiza, Jorge S. Dolado
Summary: Polycarboxylic ethers or polycarboxylate (PCEs) are commonly used superplasticizers in construction, but their microstructure-property relationship is not fully understood. A theoretical model has been proposed to explain the effect of PCE's microstructure-conformation on its adsorption onto cement particles and cement hydration time. Experimental investigation shows that PCEs with different side chain lengths have different dispersing mechanisms. The theoretical model's prediction is mostly accurate, except for PCEs with the shortest side chains.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Hiba Haissoune, Jean -Marc Chenal, Laurent Chazeau, Gael Sebald, Isabelle Morfin, Laurent Lebrun, Florent Dalmas, Gildas Coativy
Summary: This study investigated the temperature variation of natural rubber during rapid loading and unloading, known as the elastocaloric effect, and its impact on strain-induced crystallization kinetics and stress relaxation. The results showed that heat transfer influenced the SIC kinetics and should be taken into account when interpreting experimental results.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fabian Wenzel, Urko Larranaga, Miren Aguirre, Jose R. Leiza
Summary: The thermally initiated thiol-ene emulsion polymerization of DAP diene and EDDT dithiol monomers was studied in batch and semibatch processes. The stability of the latexes was limited in both processes, leading to aggregation phenomena. Changing the diene monomer to DATP resulted in smaller particles and narrower distribution without aggregation. Partial substitution of the dithiol by a more water-insoluble trithiol affected nucleation, yielding smaller particles. The synthesized polythioether polymers showed low glass transition temperatures and crystalline films.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Edurne Gonzalez, Aitor Barquero, Maria Paulis, Jose Ramon Leiza
Summary: The present work demonstrates the use of green electrospinning to create composite nanofibers containing inorganic nanoparticles. By encapsulating the nanoparticles in polymer particles through miniemulsion polymerization and spinning them with polyvinyl alcohol as a template, it is possible to achieve excellent distribution and encapsulation of the nanoparticles without altering the nanofibers' size. This technology allows for the incorporation of multiple types of nanoparticles, making it a promising technique for sensing and biomedical applications.
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sara Beldarrain, Aitor Barquero, Guido Goracci, Jorge S. Dolado, Jose Ramon Leiza
Summary: In this study, Methacrylic acid-co-poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate) (MAA-co-PEGMA) copolymers with uniform composition but different charge-density or side chain lengths were synthesized by free-radical copolymerization. The effect of these copolymers on the hydration kinetics of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was analyzed. It was found that increasing the PCE concentration led to a delay in hydration. Moreover, the delay was longer with higher MAA/PEGMA ratios or shorter side chain lengths of PEGMA. The hydration delay was proportional to the carboxylate dosage and all PCEs fit in a master curve, indicating a correlation between the microstructure of the PCEs and the hydration delay of commercial OPC.
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Aitor Barquero, Oihane Llorente, Daniela Minudri, Maria Paulis, Jose Ramon Leiza
Summary: Solvent-free waterborne polyurethane-poly(meth)acrylate hybrid dispersions are synthesized for formulating anticorrosive paints. A phosphate containing polymerizable surfactant, Sipomer PAM 200, is incorporated to enhance the anticorrosive protection by forming an iron phosphate passivation layer. The effectiveness of this passivation layer is evaluated in different corrosive environments.
MACROMOLECULAR REACTION ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Miren Aguirre, Nicholas Ballard, Edurne Gonzalez, Shaghayegh Hamzehlou, Haritz Sardon, Marcelo Calderon, Maria Paulis, Radmila Tomovska, Damien Dupin, Ren H. Bean, Timothy E. Long, Jose R. Leiza, Jose M. Asua
Summary: The water-based emulsion polymerization process has led to the continuous growth in commercial use of polymer colloids due to its high efficiency and versatility in production. This perspective highlights the challenges in synthesis and application of polymer colloids, including the transition towards sustainable feedstocks and reduced environmental impact in their primary applications, as well as the design and application of novel polymer colloids in emerging areas. Unconventional processing techniques utilizing the unique colloidal nature are also presented.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Usue Olatz Aspiazu, Shaghayegh Hamzehlou, Nicola Palombo Blascetta, Maria Paulis, Jose Ramon Leiza
Summary: Particle size and particle size distribution are important properties of polymer latexes that affect film formation and rheological properties. Turbidity spectroscopy is used to measure the particle size of nanoparticles in dispersed media, and wavelength exponent based calibration curves can successfully monitor the particle size during the polymerization process.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
