Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jules A. A. C. Heuberger, April Henning, Adam F. Cohen, Bengt Kayser
Summary: The establishment of WADA has brought about changes in doping behavior and prevention over the past 22 years. However, deficiencies and limitations in the system have caused harm to sports, athletes, and society. This article advocates for more scientific evidence, improved governance, and enhanced education to address these issues and promote positive reform among stakeholders.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Elisa Araldi, Catherine R. Jutzeler, Michael Ristow
Summary: Lithium, a trace element and psychiatric drug, has been found to extend lifespan in animal models and correlate with human longevity when taken through drinking water. A large observational study of individuals diagnosed with affective disorders found that therapeutic lithium supplementation was associated with decreased mortality. Further analysis showed that lithium had the strongest effect on increasing survival compared to other anti-psychotic drugs. However, it is important to note that close supervision by medical professionals is necessary for the use of lithium in the recommended doses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Youwen Zhuang, Peiyu Xu, Chunyou Mao, Lei Wang, Brian Krumm, X. Edward Zhou, Sijie Huang, Heng Liu, Xi Cheng, Xi-Ping Huang, Dan-Dan Shen, Tinghai Xu, Yong-Feng Liu, Yue Wang, Jia Guo, Yi Jiang, Hualiang Jiang, Karsten Melcher, Bryan L. Roth, Yan Zhang, Cheng Zhang, H. Eric Xu
Summary: This study presents cryo-EM structures of D1R-G(s) and D2R-G(i) signaling complexes with dopamine agonists, revealing insights into dopamine signaling, ligand selectivity, receptor activation, and G protein-coupling selectivity, providing valuable information for drug design targeting the dopaminergic system.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Luciano Pinotti, Michele Manoni, Luca Ferrari, Marco Tretola, Roberta Cazzola, Ian Givens
Summary: Magnesium plays a crucial role as a cofactor of over 300 enzymes, and its supplementation is recommended in both farm animals and human nutrition to ensure adequate growth, health maintenance, and optimal performance. Adequate magnesium intake can improve meat quality, fertility, and yield in farm animals, while also preventing deficiency-related health conditions and supporting growth. Having an adequate magnesium content in animal-sourced food is important to prevent magnesium deficiency in farm animals and to serve as excellent magnesium sources in human diets, which is crucial for bone development, muscle function, and overall health maintenance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laurie C. Miller, Sumanta Neupane, Neena Joshi, Mahendra Lohani, Keshav Sah, Bhola Shrestha
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the diet of children and families in small-holder farming households in low- and middle-income countries. Despite a decline in overall diet quality, households owning dairy animals and those producing more milk per day were able to mitigate this decline.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Giampaolo Milior, Melanie Morin-Brureau, Johan Pallud, Richard Miles, Gilles Huberfeld
Summary: Animal models are valuable for understanding human brain disorders, but molecules derived from these models often have limited translation to the clinic. This article compares research on animal models and human tissue for three types of epileptic syndromes, highlighting the need for cross-verification. The efficacy and safety of new molecules are evaluated in clinical trials, while new mechanisms are assessed by comparing animal model data with patient tissue data.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Felipe Dizon, Anna Josephson, Dhushyanth Raju
Summary: The paper highlights the severity of malnutrition in South Asia and the limitations of public food transfer programs in addressing nutrition issues. However, supply-side food and agricultural interventions such as home garden cultivation and animal agriculture show promise in improving nutrition. Efforts to reduce hunger and malnutrition must be accompanied by measures to address challenges such as climate change, urbanization, food loss, and food safety hazards in the region.
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dassalegn Daraje Jalata, Solomon Abate Mekonnen, Hana Yeshitila Taddese, Mulate Zerihun Workeneh
Summary: This study investigates the food consumption patterns of employees of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research and confirms that socio-demographic determinants, income, and educational level affect their food consumption patterns. The majority of employees have low consumption of foods like fish, fruits, vegetables, and animal products, particularly on Wednesdays and Fridays. The results suggest the need for employees to pay more attention to affordable and healthier food items, as well as for institutions and government programs to promote the production and access of nutritious food.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Janeth George, Barbara Hasler, Erick Komba, Calvin Sindato, Mark Rweyemamu, James Mlangwa
Summary: This study identified and assessed a total of 13 data sources for the animal health surveillance system in Tanzania. Most surveillance data came from livestock farmers, slaughter facilities, and livestock markets; while potential data sources include commercial farms, veterinary shops, and electronic surveillance tools. Although most sources had good surveillance data contents and medium to maximum spatial coverage, there was variation in data frequency, accuracy, and cost.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Abdur Rauf, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Muneeb Khan, Sirajudheen Anwar, Abdulwahab Alamri, Abdulmalik M. Alqarni, Adel Alghamdi, Farhan Alshammari, Kannan R. R. Rengasamy, Chunpeng Wan
Summary: Marine bioactive peptides derived from diverse marine species have shown potential in treating various diseases and promoting health benefits. Some marine peptides have been approved for commercial use, while many are still under pre-clinical and clinical trials for their therapeutic and biological potential.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kelly M. Quesnelle, Naunihal T. Zaveri, Stephen D. Schneid, Joe B. Blumer, John L. Szarek, Marieke Kruidering, Michael W. Lee
Summary: Expectations for physicians are changing rapidly, and preclerkship medical education curricula are adapting to meet these demands by reducing time for foundational sciences. This study compares pharmacology education practices across seven allopathic medical schools in the United States, highlighting heterogeneity in hours dedicated to pharmacology and concordance in the use of active learning pedagogies. Data suggests that pharmacology is presented using engaging pedagogies integrated with other foundational sciences, serving as a model that can be applied to other science disciplines.
PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weiwei Yang, Yifan Bao, Jiaoyang Hao, Xialin Hu, Ting Xu, Daqiang Yin
Summary: This study is the first to integrate MOA-based biological effects and FPCs of CMZ, finding that the FPM underestimates the bioconcentration factors of CMZ at environmental concentrations, and that CMZ has effects on neurotransmitters and gene levels in fish.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amanda D. Emert, Kerry Griffis-Kyle, Frank B. Green, Philip N. Smitha
Summary: This study investigated the transport of particulate matter (PM) and co-occurring insecticides and anthelmintics downwind of three feedlots in the Southern Great Plains (SGP). The study found that PM concentrations rapidly declined with increasing distance downwind, but exceeded safe levels during certain periods. The frequent transport of pesticides downwind of feedlots led to residue accumulation in outdoor residential areas, posing potential risks of oral and dermal exposure to nearby communities.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Beaula Mutonhodza, Edward J. M. Joy, Elizabeth H. Bailey, Murray R. Lark, Muneta G. M. Kangara, Martin R. Broadley, Tonderayi M. Matsungo, Prosper Chopera
Summary: This scoping review examines selenium status in soils, crops, livestock, and humans in sub-Saharan Africa, revealing that selenium concentrations in soil and crops affect dietary intake and biomarkers of selenium status, but there is limited evidence on the agriculture-nutrition linkages.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Mark J. Prescott, Carolyn Clark, William E. Dowling, Amy C. Shurtleff
Summary: High standards and adherence to the 3Rs principles are crucial in maximizing the scientific value of NHP vaccine studies, while also ensuring ethical and high-quality research. Collaboration between organizations like NC3Rs and CEPI has led to initiatives that support vaccine developers in implementing 3Rs principles to minimize harm and improve animal welfare. Challenges in implementing refinement due to high-level biocontainment for certain pathogens can be overcome with careful animal selection and implementation of contemporary good practices.