Article
Environmental Sciences
Okenna Obi-Njoku, Michael Yongha Boh, Ward Smith, Brian Grant, G. W. Price, Naseer Hussain, Joann K. Whalen, O. Grant Clark
Summary: The study evaluated the accuracy of the DNDC model in estimating N2O emissions following biosolids application. The results suggest that the DNDC model is suitable for estimating N2O emissions, but the estimation of CO2 emissions could be improved.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wei Wei, Kazuo Isobe, Yutaka Shiratori, Midori Yano, Sakae Toyoda, Keisuke Koba, Naohiro Yoshida, Haoyang Shen, Keishi Senoo
Summary: After studying with multiple methods, it was found that the overlooked denitrifying bacteria and fungi were more involved in N2O production than previously thought, and their activities varied under different fertilization practices and types. Proposed a conceptual scheme of N flow based on distinct physiological constraints among diverse NH3 oxidizers and denitrifiers to understand the environmental context-dependent N2O emission processes.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
F. Dalla Barba, J. Wang, F. Picano
Summary: In this letter, a revision of the classical D-2-law is proposed to accurately determine droplet evaporation rate in dilute conditions. The proposed model was tested against data from direct numerical simulations, showing excellent agreement for predicted droplet evaporation time in dilute turbulent jet-sprays.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gokhan Danabasoglu, Frederic S. Castruccio, R. Justin Small, Robert Tomas, Eleanor Frajka-Williams, Matthias Lankhorst
Summary: The study revisited the reference level assumptions used to calculate the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation transports, finding substantial differences among the transport estimates obtained with various methods at different observation sites. Methods properly accounting for reference velocities in the model at MOVE produce transports that are in good agreement with the model truth.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Enes Akyuz, Ayse Kristina Polat, Ece Eroglu, Irem Kullu, Efthalia Angelopoulou, Yam Nath Paudel
Summary: This comprehensive review highlights the importance of neurotransmitter-mediated receptors and ion channels in epilepsy pathogenesis, focusing on the critical roles of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid in the balance of pathophysiology, as well as the potential involvement of acetylcholine receptors in epilepsy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chen Zhao, Roderick MacKinnon
Summary: K-ATP channels act as metabolic sensors translating ATP/ADP balance to membrane excitability. The structure of human pancreatic K-ATP reveals an open pore, coordinated structural changes within the ATP-binding site and channel gate in Kir, as well as conformational changes in SUR. The pancreatic hK(ATP) exhibits a unique PIP2-independent opening property.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuanyuan Miao, Liang Zhang, Deshuang Yu, Jianhua Zhang, Wenke Zhang, Guocheng Ma, Xinchao Zhao, Yongzhen Peng
Summary: Intermittent aeration is an effective strategy for biological wastewater treatment, allowing for advanced nitrogen removal and reduced energy consumption. It is suitable for partial nitrification and denitrification processes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Bryan Allen Plummer, Kevin Shih, Yichen Li, Ke Xu, Svetlana Lazebnik, Stan Sclaroff, Kate Saenko
Summary: This paper proposes an approach for associating image regions and phrases by extending Faster R-CNN and initializing classification layers using canonical correlation analysis (CCA), resulting in significant performance improvement on three popular phrase grounding datasets.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Baorui Liang, Fei Kang, Sai Yao, Kuo Zhang, Youzhao Wang, Mingdong Chang, Zhenning Lyu, Tong Zhu
Summary: The study demonstrated that the sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification integrated with biomass-based heterotrophic denitrification system (SBD) is an efficient way to remove nitrate from wastewater, showing advantages such as shortening start-up period, reducing sulfate productivity, and maintaining good denitrification performance. The optimal filter for the SBD system was a mixture of elemental sulfur powder, shell powder, corncob powder, and sawdust powder, with an average nitrate reduction rate of 420 mg NO3-N.L-1.d(-1) achieved at the end of the study. Major autotrophs in the SBD systems included Thermomonas, Ferritrophicum, and Thiobacillus, while major heterotrophs included Saprospiraceae, Ferruginibacter, Dokdonella, and Simplicispira, indicating the feasibility and practicality of the SBD system for nitrate removal from wastewater.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Guosong Jiang, Pengfei Zhu, Yu Wang, Qinghua Hu
Summary: This paper investigates the balance between structural risk and open space risk in open set recognition and proposes an efficient negative data augmentation strategy called OpenMix. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of OpenMix in terms of both effectiveness and universality.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
Ulrich Weller, Lukas Albrecht, Steffen Schlueter, Hans-Joerg Vogel
Summary: Soil structure plays a crucial role in physical and biochemical processes in soil. Quantifying soil structural characteristics has been challenging due to the buried and complex nature of soil. Recent advancements in 3D imaging and software tools have made it possible to analyze soil structure, but standardization and accessibility are still lacking. To address these issues, an open-access Soil Structure Library has been introduced, providing well-defined analyses for X-ray CT data sets and serving as a data source for real pore structures worldwide. By combining pore structure metrics with essential soil information, this library can be used for data mining and the development of soil-structure-based pedotransfer functions.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guangwei Lin, Yi Ding
Summary: Efficient nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) removal through solid organic carbon-based heterotrophic denitrification is challenging. A functional biocarrier (SA/FeS/BC) that integrates heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification has been developed, achieving high stability and efficiency in reducing NO3-N. The study provides new insights into the strengthening mechanisms for NO3-N removal.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ronald M. Caplan, Emily I. Mason, Cooper Downs, Jon A. Linker
Summary: This paper explores the limitations of solar coronal hole detection at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths and proposes a method called minimum intensity disk merge (MIDM) to alleviate the obscuration problem. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the MIDM method through analysis of SDO/AIA 193 angstrom observations.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Saeed Farzin, Mahdi Valikhan Anaraki
Summary: The present study utilized the bat algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and their hybrid algorithm for the design of open-channel cross-sections, showing that the hybrid algorithm had a good convergence rate and resulted in a 32% saving in construction cost compared to other optimization algorithms.
ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ting Liu, Jinhua Deng, Congling Yang, Muzhi Liu, Yong Liu
Summary: Nitrate (NO3-) photolysis can generate various nitrogenous products, and the involvement of CaO can selectively reduce NO3- to nitrite (NO2-). The CaO/UV/NO3- system achieves nearly 100% NO2- selectivity under suitable conditions. The high selectivity is attributed to the basic sites and paramagnetic surface species of CaO, which capture nitrogen oxides (NOX) and promote their conversion to NO2-. The two-step reduction strategy of CaO/UV coupled with H2NSO3H is effective for removing NO3- in wastewater, leading to high removal rates and N-2 selectivity.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
Jian Liu, Jennifer Roste, Helen M. Baulch, Jane A. Elliott, John-Mark Davies, Etienne Shupena-Soulodre
Summary: Eutrophication is a widespread issue in the Canadian prairies, mainly caused by agricultural activities. However, efforts to reduce nutrient export from agriculture are hindered by inadequate monitoring programs and unique hydrological characteristics. In this study, a modeling approach was used to prioritize beneficial management practices (BMPs) for reducing nutrient loads in the Qu'Appelle Watershed. Wetland restoration and fertilizer management were found to be the most effective BMPs. The study highlights the importance of accounting for regional variations in landscape characteristics and nutrient inputs when implementing BMPs.
CANADIAN WATER RESOURCES JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Limnology
Amir M. Chegoonian, Kiana Zolfaghari, Peter R. Leavitt, Helen M. Baulch, Claude R. Duguay
Summary: This study compares the accuracy and reliability of instrumented buoys and spectrophotometry in measuring chlorophyll a concentration for water quality monitoring. The results show that the model based on phycocyanin fluorescence is the most accurate, while the model using environmental factors is the most reliable. The newly developed models significantly improve the performance of estimating chlorophyll a content in water bodies using remotely sensed imagery.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Steven J. Cooke, Jesse C. Vermaire, Helen M. Baulch, Kim Birnie-Gauvin, William M. Twardek, John S. Richardson
Summary: The article emphasizes the importance of protecting freshwater ecosystems to address the freshwater biodiversity crisis. One of the immediate actions suggested is to limit human activity and new development in floodplain and riparian areas. Maintaining intact riparian zones is crucial for mitigating threats that degrade freshwater ecosystems. The lack of consistent application of regulations and political will is identified as a major challenge. The article also highlights the need to redefine our relationship with freshwater ecosystems and prioritize healing damaged ecosystems.
FRESHWATER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Safa Abbes, Sung Vo Duy, Gabriel Munoz, Quoc Tuc Dinh, Dana F. Simon, Barry Husk, Helen M. Baulch, Brigitte Vincon-Leite, Nathalie Fortin, Charles W. Greer, Megan L. Larsen, Jason J. Venkiteswaran, Felipe Fernando Martinez Jeronimo, Alessandra Giani, Chris D. Lowe, Nicolas Tromas, Sebastien Sauve
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of trichloroacetic acid on the detection of BMAA isomers in lake water samples and found that its addition significantly increased detection rates and levels. Additionally, an investigation of lakes from multiple countries revealed a higher occurrence of AEG and DAB isomers compared to BAMA and BMAA.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Richard LaBrie, Berangere Pequin, Nicolas Fortin St-Gelais, Igor Yashayaev, Jennifer Cherrier, Yves Gelinas, Francois Guillemette, David C. Podgorski, Robert G. M. Spencer, Luc Tremblay, Roxane Maranger
Summary: The microbial carbon pump (MCP) hypothesis suggests that the transformation of labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by prokaryotes contributes to the stability of the deep ocean DOC reservoir. This study provides empirical evidence of the MCP in natural waters, showing that carbon sequestration is more efficient in deeper waters. The higher diversity of prokaryotes from the rare biosphere holds a greater metabolic potential in creating stable dissolved organic compounds.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stephanie Shousha, Roxane Maranger, Jean-Francois Lapierre
Summary: This study quantified the changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and nutrient forms along a river with different land use and seasonal patterns. The results showed significant spatial and temporal shifts in DOM composition associated with different nutrient forms. These changes indicated contrasting loading and processing potential depending on land use and seasonal patterns.
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. Botrel, C. Hudon, J. B. Heffernan, P. M. Biron, R. Maranger
Summary: Our study revealed the significant influence of climate conditions on nitrogen pollution removal in large rivers, as well as on the abundance of underwater vegetation. Water temperature and level were found to be critical factors in determining plant abundance, with optimal conditions stimulating the growth of plants and promoting the removal of nitrogen pollution through denitrification by bacteria.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Purnank Shah, Shelley K. McCabe, Jason J. Venkiteswaran, Lewis A. Molot, Sherry L. Schiff
Summary: Monod growth kinetics can successfully predict competition outcomes between cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae in a laboratory setting at low iron. Cyanobacteria are more efficient at acquiring iron, similar to their efficiency in acquiring phosphorus at low phosphorus. This dominance of cyanobacteria at low iron was observed in competition experiments with a pico-cyanobacteria and a chlorophyte.
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. O. Goyette, M. Botrel, G. Billen, J. Garnier, R. Maranger
Summary: This study analyzed the nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes in 78 watersheds of the St. Lawrence Basin in eastern Canada from 1901 to 2011 and found that the shift from sustainable to unsustainable agricultural practices over the past century has led to environmental losses. The study suggests reducing nutrient flux and reconnecting crop and animal farming to mitigate these losses.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Morgan Botrel, Roxane Maranger
Summary: Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in lake littoral zones is vital for maintaining ecosystem services, but global trends and drivers of SAV quantities remain unclear. This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of SAV trends using long-term time series data, revealing the dominant drivers of change in different regions. It highlights the urgent need for research and management actions to address knowledge gaps and preserve SAV and its crucial role in lake ecosystems.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Limnology
Morgan Botrel, Christiane Hudon, Pascale M. Biron, Roxane Maranger
Summary: Measuring biomass of freshwater submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) at large spatial scales is challenging. The combination of quadrat-scuba diver technique, fast rake sampling, and large-scale echosounding can provide more accurate estimates. The relationship between quadrat and rake biomass varies with substrate type and SAV growth form, while rake biomass can be accurately estimated from biovolume derived from echosounding. Sequential application of calibrations can yield accurate predictions, with echosounding being more accurate at larger scales. A step-by-step guideline is developed to decide when to use each technique.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Kristin J. Painter, Jason J. Venkiteswaran, Helen M. Baulch
Summary: Flow management can have significant impacts on ecosystem condition, especially in shallow lakes in arid regions where it can affect the formation of cyanobacterial blooms. We studied the water quality shifts associated with changing source water inflow management and found that the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and the chemistry of the water were influenced by the source of the inflow. These findings have important implications for water managers in protecting ecosystem services and adapting to hydroclimatic change.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stephanie Shousha, Roxane Maranger, Jean-Francois Lapierre
Summary: This study investigates the long-term trends in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) exports in a river system in Quebec, Canada. The results show that N exports have increased over time, largely driven by changes in precipitation and net anthropogenic N inputs on land. On the other hand, P exports have tended to decrease, despite higher net anthropogenic P inputs. The study also reveals changes in ecosystem stoichiometry over the years, reflecting the differential elemental exports influenced by natural and anthropogenic drivers.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kristin J. Painter, Jason J. Venkiteswaran, Dana F. Simon, Sung Vo Duy, Sebastien Sauve, Helen M. Baulch
Summary: This study investigates cyanobacterial blooms in Buffalo Pound Lake using microscopy and indicator species analysis. It identifies two key bloom phases and their associated metabolites. Additionally, a potentially disruptive autumn bloom is discovered, which has implications for water treatment.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
(2022)